Interpretation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching

Chapter 80

[The widows in a small country, even if they have a few weapons, they don't use them,]

Yan Kejun said: "Small country with few people", each book is "Short people". "Shibo's Tool", there is the word "人" under the "Bo" on the river.

Luo Zhenyu said: "A small country with few people", Jing Long's "people" is "people". "To enable the people to have the utensils of Shibo", the Dunhuang Xin version is "to make the people have the utensils of Shibo", and the Geng version is "to make people have the utensils of thousands of people".

The case of modesty: "a small country with few people", Suizhou is originally the same.Nai volume "widow" as "Liao".In the next sentence, Yan, Peng, Fu, Fan, and Zhao have the word "Min" under "Shi", Jingfu, Nai Juan, and Wang Xizhi have the word "Ren" under "Bo", and Gu has the word "Min". There is the word "also" under "use".Li Daochun said: "It's not necessary to use the weapons of Shibo, or to use the weapons of Shibo, or not to use them." Yu Yue said: According to the weapons of Shibo, they are weapons.The post-Han book Xuan Bingzhuan notes: "Military law, five people are a team, and two or five are even, and the utensils are shared, so it is commonly said that the tools of life are real things." However, Shibo's utensils are still real things.For those who also talk about uncles, the ancient military law regards a hundred men as a hundred.Zhoushu Wushun chapter: "Fifth Five-Year 25 is called the death of Yuan, and the fourth death is called Bo." This is the evidence.Shibo is the name of the trilogy of soldiers.The chapter on Jiyi in the Book of Rites says: "Army Shiwu." He said "Shiwu" and this word "Shibo".Xu Kai said that the text was passed down under the "Bo" of the Ministry of Human Resources and quoted "Lao Tzu said 'there are Shibo's utensils', and every Shibo shares the utensils, which is called the genus of Bingge", and he got the explanation. "Let there be weapons of Shibo but not use them, so that the people will die and not move far away", the two sentences are the same.The following says that "although there are boats and boats, there is nothing to ride them on, and although there are armored soldiers, there is nothing to show them." In terms of "no need", the meaning of the text is very clear.In Heshang Gongben's "Shibo", the word "ren" was misderived, so the four characters "shiyoushibo" were used as a sentence, which was lost.

Xi Tong said: "Historical Records of the Five Emperors "Created what utensils in Shouqiu", Suo Yin said: "What utensils are, what is the number. The utensils commonly used by others are not one, so ten is the number, just like talking about things today." This cloud " Shibo", the ear of the words.The country is small and the people are few, and life is simple, so although there are many tools, they are useless.There is no word "Min" in most of the books, and this is added from Fu Yi's book.Heshang's original work is "to use the utensils of Shibo people but not to use them", but it is impossible to make a sentence of "make them have Shibo".The ancient version of "Min" or "Ren" was mistakenly placed under "Shibo", so Heshang forced it to read the sentence.Qian's case: Both theories are acceptable.Wenzi Fuyan said: "Although the world is big, those who are good at using soldiers will perish; although the country is safe, those who are good at war are in danger. Therefore, in a small country with few people, even if there are weapons of Shibo, don't use them." The weapons of Shibo are used as weapons. and also.In the Han book "Decree that the world's officials have nothing to buy any special utensils", Yan Shigu notes: "Five people form a team, ten people do what, and the utensils are shared." .One said: The tools of Shibo people are the elders of Kanshifu and Bofu.This is what Su Zhe sang, and Da Tian Qingxuan reconciled with it, quoting "Lie Zi Shuo Fu Pian Bo Le called Jiu Fanggao and said: "That's why there are thousands of ministers and countless ones." The person is also a minister of the king a hundred times. "Mencius" may be twice as good, or Shibo, or thousands of people' (Teng Wengong on), and it is also said by things; Gao Zishang), it can be said in human terms. However, there are thousands of things that can be said by human beings. "Warrior", a sharp weapon, a long tool, and a tool of Shibo, it is clear that it is a special talent." Qian's case: This theory is more tortuous, but coexistence is possible.

[Make people die again without moving far away.Although there are boats, there is nothing to ride on; although there are armored soldiers, there is nothing to display.Let the people tie the rope and use it. 】

Yan Kejun said: "Envoys to death", He Shang and Wang Bi acted as "envoys to the people".

Luo Zhenyu said: "envoys to the people", Jinglong's edition and Dunhuang Geng's edition "min" means "people". "Not far away", there is no word "he" in Geng, "although there" is "qi", and there is no word "although" below.

The case of modesty: the sentence "envoys people" is also written as "people" in Suizhou version. "Ministry" sentence, Yuzhu, Xingxuan, Jingfu, Qingyang, Fenxi, Louzheng, Gaohong, Naijuan, Heshang, Dunhuang Gengben, Gu, Peng, Fu, Fan, and Zhao are all used as "min". , with this stone.Bi Yuan said: "'Min', Wang Bi made 'ren'. Changing 'min' to 'ren' is also from the Tang Dynasty." Also the word "Chen" was written as "array" in Suizhou.Case jade article: "Array, straight town cut, division brigade also, this is Chen." It is "Chen" and "array" in ancient times.

"轝", the interpretation: "The river is called a car." Yu Zhu, Wang Bi as "Yu", Suizhou, Song Heshang, Naijuan as "轝", Zhao as "che".The case is "轝". "轝" is the ancient text of "Yu".The four-tone rhyme volume of Xia Song's ancient prose quotes Gu Zi as "轝".

【Delicious food, delicious clothes, comfortable living, happy customs, neighbors look at each other, chickens and dogs hear each other's voices, people don't communicate with each other until they grow old and die. 】

Yan Kejun said: "The Sound of Chickens and Dogs", Yu Zhu and Gao Hui wrote "The Sounds of Chickens and Dogs", and Wang Bi wrote "The Sounds of Chickens and Dogs".

Luo Zhenyu said: Jinglong, Jingfu, Guangming, Dunhuang Geng, and Xin are all written as "dog".

The case of modesty: Fu, the model "Gan Qishi" has the six characters "Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi Min Ge".And Fu, Fan, Peng "ju" is "vulgar", "vulgar" is "business", and "min" has the word "shi".In the strict version, "An Qi Ju" is under the sentence "Le Qi Su", He Shang and Gu have no word "death", and Fu and Peng have the word "and" under "Xiang".In governance, "beautiful clothes" should be cited as "beautiful clothes".Also the word "neighbour", Guangming, Luo Juan, Gu Tong.The text of the case: "Five families are neighbors, Congyi, and the sound of mouth." The ancient work is "口".The words of the Nine Classics say: "Those who are 'neighbors' are wrong, and they should be 'neighbors'."

In another case, Zhuangzi's Psalter on "The World of Supreme Virtue" and his Psalm on Horseshoe say, "People have permanence, they weave clothes, plow them to eat", and their meanings are all based on this.The nine sentences quoted in the suitcase, but the two sentences "safe to live in, enjoy the customs" are reversed.Also Huainan Qi custom: "That's why neighboring countries look at each other, hear the sound of chickens and dogs, but those who do not touch the territory of the princes, and the tracks of the car do not tie thousands of miles away, all get their places." Lun Heng said: "The ancients are simple and simple, neighboring countries meet the border, the sound of chickens and dogs is heard, and they will never communicate with each other for life." It is all based on this chapter of Laozi.In addition, the Shiji Huozhizhuan also has the four characters "Zhizhi Zhizhi". Although there is no such sentence in the stele, it can be supplemented according to the quotations from Fu, Fanben, Zhuangzi, and Shiji.

[Phonetic Rhyme] Jiang's rhyme in this chapter has no rhyme.Yao Wentian and Deng Tingzhen are the same.Gao Ben's Han version is "to the extreme of governance, the people are happy with their food, beautiful with their clothes, comfortable with their customs, and happy with their careers". The rhymes of extreme, food, clothing, vulgarity, and karma, the word "vulgar" is actually not a rhyme.From "Neighboring countries look at each other" to "Old and dead do not communicate with each other", Gao Benhan changed "Lailai" to "Lailai" to cooperate with the word "Wang", which is a big mistake.

There are 75 characters in the Youjing Longbei, 73 characters in the Dunhuang version, 75 characters in the Heshang and Wang versions, and 85 characters in the Fu and Fan versions.Heshang's original title is "Independence No.80", Wang's original title is "Eighty Chapters", and the model title is "Small Country with Few People Chapter No.80".

(End of this chapter)