University · Moderate

Chapter 2 "Scriptures" Chapter
[Original text]

The way of the university ① lies in Ming Mingde ②, in being close to the people ③, and in ending in perfection ④.

【Note】

① Dao: Refers to principles, principles, principles, and programs, including outlook on life, world outlook, political views, and ideological systems.

②Ming Mingde: The former "Ming" is a verb to make, even if...obvious.The latter "Ming" is an adjective, which means clear and bright.

③Clear to the people: pro, as "new", as a verb, even if...innovation.

④Supreme goodness: the best state of thought, the highest level of goodness.

【Translation】

The principle of "Great Learning" is to make people's virtues manifest, to make people in the world renovate, and to make people achieve the best ideal state.

[Original text]

Zhizhi ① and then there is concentration, and then you can be calm, and then you can be at peace, and then you can think about it, and then you can get it after thinking about it②.Things have their beginnings and ends ③, and things have their beginnings and ends. Knowing what happened first and last ④ is the shortest way.

【Note】

① Knowing and stopping: being able to know where to stop.Refers to the above-mentioned "stop at the best".

② get: get (good). "Mencius·Gaozi [-]": "The heart is to think, to think, to get it, not to think, not to get it."

③The root and the end: Refers to the root and treetop of the tree.

④Knowing the priority: It means being able to know and grasp the sequence of moral cultivation.

【Translation】

Knowing that the ideal state that should be achieved is "supreme goodness", then you can have a firm ambition, and with a firm ambition, then you can have peace of mind, and then you can be calm and stable, and only after you are calm and stable, you can act thoughtfully and thoughtfully. In order to achieve the best ideal state.

Everything in the world has a root and an end, and everything in the world has an end and a beginning. If you can understand their sequence, then you can get close to the principle of the Great Learning.

[Original text]

In ancient times, those who wished to manifest virtue in the world first ruled their country; those who wanted to rule their country first ordered their family; those who wanted to order their family first cultivated their body; To straighten one's heart, one must first be sincere in one's intention; to be sincere in one's intention, first to extend one's knowledge;

【Note】

① First Qi Qijia: Qi, has the meaning of governance.Home refers to the family.It means to make the family work together, live in harmony and peace.

② Cultivate one's body: refers to cultivating one's own moral character.

③To give his knowledge first: to, to.know, know.First make the understanding clear.

④Gewu: Investigate the principles of things.According to Zhu Xi's explanation: "Words want to convey my knowledge, but the reason is exhausted." ("Four Books Collection Notes")【Translation】

In ancient times, a person who wants to make virtue known to the world must first govern his country well; a person who wants to govern his own country well must first govern his family; One must strive to improve one's own moral cultivation; a person who wants to improve one's own moral cultivation must first straighten one's heart; one who wants to straighten one's heart must first have his own mind honest; if one wants to be honest in one's mind, one must first achieve a clear understanding; The way to achieve a clear understanding is to deduce the principles of things.

[Original text]

When you know things, you will know them; if you know them, you will be sincere; if you are sincere, you will be upright; if you are upright, you will cultivate your body;From the emperor to the common people①, one thing② is based on self-cultivation.

【Note】

① Common people: From the Western Zhou Dynasty, they were called agricultural producers.In the Spring and Autumn Period, its status was lower than that of scholars and above that of Zaoli.After the Qin and Han Dynasties, it generally refers to civilians without official titles.

② One is: one, one.Everything, all, all.

【Translation】

Only by reasoning about the principles of things can one achieve a clear understanding; only when one has a clear understanding can the mind be honest; only when the mind is honest can the mind be straightened; Only when the family is well governed can the state be governed well; only when the state is governed well can the world be peaceful.

Starting from the Son of Heaven, down to the common people below, all must regard their own moral cultivation as the fundamental.

[Original text]

Its origin is chaotic ①, but the last ruler ②, no.What is thick is thin ③, and what is thin is thick, there is no such thing ④.

【Note】

① This chaos: chaos, disorder, destruction.This chaos means the corruption of nature.

② Mozhi: It means family affairs, national governance, and world peace.

③Those who are thick are thin: thick, valued, and respected.Thin, contemptuous, contemptuous.

④ There is no such thing: that is, there is no such thing.Of, pronoun.

【Translation】

It is impossible for a person to achieve family integrity, national governance, and world peace if his own moral cultivation is fundamentally corrupted.Just as those whom he respected despised him, and those whom he despised respected him, such a thing never happened.

[Zhu Xi Tips]

Chapter ① of the Right Classic.Gai②Confucius said it, and Zeng Zi③narrated it.The ten chapters of his biography are the meaning of Zeng Zi, and the disciples remember it.The old version was quite wrong ⑤, but now because of ⑥ Cheng Zi's decision, the scriptures are more examined, not because the order is as left.

【Note】

①Right: Refers to the front.Classic: classic.Beginning in the Han Dynasty, works revered as models were called classics or classics.This chapter is said to be "Kong's posthumous book", a model work of Confucianism, so it is called Jing.

②Cover: Probably.

③ Zeng Zi: Zeng Shen (505-436 BC).Ziyu, born in Wucheng, Shandong (near Zaozhuang City, Shandong today), a student of Confucius.

④ Biography (zhuòn): Explain the text of the scriptures.

⑤Wrong bamboo slips: Ancient books were written on bamboo slips and compiled in sequence.Later, the characters in the ancient books were upside down and confused, which was also called wrong slips.

[-] Cause: According to.

【Translation】

Zhu Xi said: The above is a chapter of the "Classic".Probably Confucius' remarks, dictated by Zeng Shen.The ten chapters of "biography" are Zeng Shen's opinions, which were recorded by his students.The old version of the text was often confused and upside down. Now, according to Cheng Yi's correction and textual research, the order of the chapters is determined as follows.

(End of this chapter)