University · Moderate

Chapter 34 Governance (2)
④ Lai Baigong: come, recruit, recruit. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals: No Invasion": "It is not enough to come to scholars." Workers, craftsmen.Baigong is the general term for labor slaves in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and it was used in the Spring and Autumn Period as a general term for various handicraft craftsmen. "The Analects of Confucius Zizhang": "Hundreds of craftsmen live in a place to accomplish things."

⑤ Rouyuanren: It means to appease the foreigners from remote places.Soft, soft, appease, extended to preferential treatment.Distant people refer to foreigners from afar. "Zhou Li · Chun Guan · Da Si Le": "To appease the guests, to say (pleasure) people far away."

[-] Huai princes: Huai, appease.Princes, the kings of various states entrusted by the emperor in ancient times were called princes, also known as princes.

⑦暴 (xuàn): Dazzled, extended to be confused.

[-] Report: Repay.Li: This refers to respect.Weight: deep.

[-] Persuasion: Try hard, work hard.

[-] Qi (zhāi) Ming: This refers specifically to inner piety.Shengfu: This refers to the dignified and tidy appearance.

To slander (chán): to get rid of.Slander, slander, here refers to people who say bad things.Far color: stay away from female sex.

Officials are prosperous and appointed as envoys: Guansheng has many officials.Any envoy is enough for appointment.

Seasonal envoys: use the common people to perform labor, and don't delay the farming season.Thin collection: reduce the taxes levied on the common people. "Mencius King Hui of Liang [-]": "Province penalties, reduce taxes and collect." Thin, lighten.Collect, collect.

Day and month test: province, inspection.Test, test.

Both report and work: the salary and rice given to others should be consistent with the work effect.Said (chèn), commensurate, consistent.things, ergonomics, work results.

Jin (jīn): pity, sympathy.

Following the peerless world: inheriting, inheriting, continuing.Peerless, the family lineage of salary has been interrupted.In ancient times, the fiefdoms and land acquisitions of noble officials were hereditary from descendants.If a certain generation is at fault, it will be stopped from receiving fiefdoms and land, and its salary will be stopped.Inheriting the peerless is to make the descendants of Doctor Qing restore food and salary, and continue the lineage family.

Lifting and abolishing the country: lift, appoint, revive.Abandoned country refers to a state that has been abolished. "The Analects of Confucius Yao Yue": "Prosper and destroy the country, inherit the peerless world, and raise the Yi people."

Support: support, rescue.

Chaopin (pìn): The ancient princes met with the emperor regularly.Once a year, it is called Xiaopin, once every three years, it is called Dapin, and once every five years, it is called Chaopin. "Book of Rites King's System": "The princes are also hired by the emperor for a small appointment every year, a big appointment every three years, and a dynasty once every five years." This refers to the emperor presiding over the court appointment ceremony.

【Translation】

There are nine principles for the general monarch to govern the country.That is to say: the first is to cultivate moral character, the second is to respect sages, the third is to love relatives, the fourth is to respect important ministers, the fifth is to be considerate to all ministers, the sixth is to love the people like sons, and the seventh is to recruit workers. The eighth is to give preferential treatment to remote alien races, and the ninth is to appease the princes of the Quartet.

Cultivate moral character, and you can set a good moral example; respect the sage, and you will not be confused by the false appearance of human affairs; love your relatives, and your relatives, uncles, and brothers will not complain; respect your ministers, and you will not feel confused when dealing with things; considerate to everyone If you love the people like your own sons, the people will work harder; if you hire all kinds of workers, your wealth will be sufficient; if you treat the remote and foreign races preferentially, people on the four sides of the border will submit to you; The princes, the whole world will naturally be convinced and awed.

Purity of desires, dignified appearance, and refraining from doing rude things are the ways to cultivate morality; abandoning slander, keeping away from beauty, despising property, and emphasizing virtue are the best ways to exhort sages; respecting the status of relatives This is the way to try to love your relatives; to set up more subordinate officials for ministers, which is enough for appointment, this is the way to reward ministers; to pay attention to loyalty and faithfulness to scholars and ministers, and to treat them with respect To support them with generous salaries is the way to encourage scholars and officials to serve the country; to enlist the people in a timely manner and to reduce the tax levied is the way to encourage the people to work hard; The food is commensurate with their work performance, which is the way to encourage all kinds of craftsmen to work hard; to welcome and send each other with enthusiasm, to reward those who have good deeds, and to sympathize with those who are lacking in talent, this is the way to give preferential treatment to remote alien races; Continuing the aristocratic family whose salary has been interrupted, revitalizing the decaying state, rectifying chaos, rescuing dangers, meeting and asking questions regularly, receiving small tributes and generous rewards, this is the way to appease the princes.Generally speaking, there are nine principles for governing the world, but the principle of implementing them is the same, and the key lies in the word "sincerity".

[Original text]

Everything will be established if you hesitate, and it will be abandoned if you don’t hesitate.If you are determined in advance, you will not be troubled②; if you are determined in advance, you will not be sleepy; if you are determined in advance, you will not feel guilty;

If the lower position is not obtained, then the people cannot obtain it and govern; if one obtains it, one should follow the way, if one does not believe one's friends, one cannot obtain one, one should go above one; If you have the Tao, you will be dishonest in the body, and if you are not compliant, you will be relatives; if you are honest and have the Tao, if you are not clear, you will be good, and if you are not sincere, you will be in the body⑤.

Sincerity is the way of heaven; sincerity is the way of man.Sincere ones, do not force and get in, do not think about it, take it easy and do the right thing⑦, and they are saints.Those who are sincere are those who choose goodness and are stubborn.

Learn it well, question it, think it carefully, discern it clearly, and practice it earnestly.There is Fuxue, and the learning is fumengfucuo; there is fuqian, and the fuknowing fucuo is there; there is fusi, the thinking is fuduofu; If you do it, if you do it, you will do it.If a person can do it once, he can do it with a hundred; if a person can do it with ten, he can do it with a thousand.If you can do this way, you will be wise even if you are stupid, and you will be strong even if you are soft.

【Note】

① Yu: Same as "pre", premeditated.

② Tae (jiá): obstructed, unable to speak smoothly.

③Guilty (jiù): Feeling uneasy.

④ Shunhuqin: Shun, to make a verb, to make you happy and happy.Parents: parents.

⑤ Insincerity is beyond the body: The entire paragraph above here is basically the same as the paragraph in "Mencius Li Loushang".Whether "The Doctrine of the Mean" quotes "Mencius" or "Mencius" quotes "The Doctrine of the Mean" is not easy to determine.According to Mr. Zhang Dainian's analysis, it may be that "Mencius" quoted "The Doctrine of the Mean".Although Mencius was a disciple of Zisi, he thought he was a "selfish" Confucius and didn't respect Zisi, so he quoted "The Doctrine of the Mean" in his book without naming Zisi's name. ("Chinese Philosophy Historiography" p. 36) ⑥ Honesty: make it sincere, make yourself sincere.Sincerity is the sincerity that people are born with, and it is the ability of a saint.Sincerity is man-made sincerity, and it is the principle that ordinary people should follow.

[-] Calmness: Behavior and action. "Book of Rites · Black Clothes": "The clothes are not the same, and they are calm and regular." Kong Yingda Shu: "It means that the actions have their regularity." Another saying is soothing and not urgent.Middle way: refers to the way of the mean. "Mencius: Put Your Heart Down": "Don't Confucius want to be in the middle way?" Zhao Qi's note: "The middle way is the great way of Zhongzheng."

[-]. Stubbornness: Stick to it.Hold, hold.

[-] Fu (fú) measures also: Fu, no.measure, abolish, shelve.

【Translation】

Everything that is premeditated will succeed, and if it is not preplanned, it will fail.If you speak in advance, you will not be speechless, and if you do things in advance, you will not feel difficult.Predetermine before taking action and you won't feel uneasy.Enforcing the rules pre-determined will not lead to a corner.

If those in inferior positions cannot gain the trust of their superiors, it is impossible for the people to govern well.It makes sense to gain the trust of your superiors, and you cannot gain the trust of your superiors without the trust of your friends.It is reasonable to gain the trust of friends. If you are not filial to your parents, you will not gain the trust of your friends.It is reasonable to be filial to your parents, but if you are not sincere, you cannot be filial to your parents.Sincerity makes sense, if you don't understand Xiaoshan, you can't make yourself sincere.

Honesty is the law of heaven; being honest is the law of humanity.People who are naturally honest don't have to force themselves to be reasonable, and don't have to think about speaking and acting properly.A person who takes his time to reach the golden mean is a saint.To be honest, one must choose the highest morality and practice it unswervingly.Learn extensively, inquire in detail, think carefully, discern clearly, and implement faithfully.

Either don't learn, and don't stop if you don't learn.Or don't ask, and don't stop if you don't understand.Either don't think, and don't stop if you don't gain anything after thinking.Or don't distinguish, and don't stop if the distinction is unclear.Either it will not be implemented, and the implementation will not be suspended until the level of loyalty is not achieved.What others can do once, I use a hundred times the effort; what others can do ten times, I use a thousand times the effort.If we can do this, even the stupid will become wise, and even the weak will become strong.

[Zhu Xi Tips]

RightChapter 20.

【Translation】

Zhu Xi said that the above paragraph is Chapter 20.

(End of this chapter)