University · Moderate

Chapter 42
[Original text]

The Master said: "Foolish but fond of self-use①; cheap and fond of self-expert②; living in the present world, rebelling against the old way; if this is the case, it will be a calamity for oneself."

If you are not the son of heaven, you will not discuss rituals ④, systems ⑤, and texts ⑥.Get off today, the car is on the same track ⑦, the book is the same text [-], and the behavior is the same ⑨.Even if he has his position, if he has no virtue, he dare not perform rituals and music.

The Master said: "I said Xia Li B11, Qi B12 is not enough to sign; I learned Yin Li B13, and there was Song Cun B14. I learned Zhou Li B15, and I use it today, and I follow Zhou B16."

【Note】

①Self-use: Act only according to one's own subjective intentions, and not humbly seek advice from others. "Shangshu · Zhonghui Zhigao": "If you ask questions, you will be rich, but if you use it yourself, you will be small."

② Self-discipline: Arbitrarily act according to one's own subjective will.

③Fan: Same as "return", extended to restore.

④ Discuss etiquette: Discuss etiquette, referring to revising etiquette.

⑤ System: Create a law.Make, formulate.Degree, law.

⑥ Examination text: Examination text.Test, test, test.Wen, characters, here refers to the shape and strokes of characters.

⑦ Cars on the same track: the wheelbase of all kinds of cars has the same measurement.In ancient car making, the distance between the two wheels was customized.Rail, the distance between the two wheels of the car.

⑧Book Tongwen: The same text is written.

⑨Xingtonglun: Treat people and do things according to the same code of ethics.Lun refers to ethics and morality.

[-] music (yuè): music.In ancient times, the emperor made rites and made music to rule the world.

Said Xia Li: said, explained, another said "Yue", loved.Xia Li, the etiquette of the Xia Dynasty.

Qi (qǐ): The name of an ancient country, located in Qixian County, Henan Province.According to legend, the founding monarch of Qi was Duke Donglou, a descendant of Xia Yu.

Yin Li: The etiquette of the Yin Dynasty.The Shang Dynasty was generally called the Yin Dynasty, from when King Pan Geng moved his capital to Yin (now Anyang, Henan) to when Zhou died.The entire Shang Dynasty was also called Shang Yin or Yin Shang.

Song: The name of an ancient country.The descendants of Shangtang, the ancient city is in the south of Shangqiu County, Henan Province.The founding monarch of the Song Dynasty was Wei Ziqi, the concubine brother of Shang Zhou.

Zhou Li: The ritual system of the Zhou Dynasty is an ideal social system that Confucianism favors restoration.

Wu Cong Zhou: I want to obey the rituals of Zhou.I, Confucius.This short passage of what Confucius said is scattered in the Analects. "The Analects of Confucius Bayi": "Xia Li, I can say it, but Qi is not enough to levy it; Yin Li, I can say it, Song is not enough to levy it. The literature is insufficient. If it is enough, then I can levy it." "Zhou Zhou In the second generation, I was depressed and literary, and I followed Zhou." "The Analects of Confucius: Weizheng": "The profit and loss of Yin due to Xia Li can be known; the profit and loss of Zhou due to Yin Li can be known. It may follow Zhou. , even through a hundred generations, it can be known.”

【Translation】

Confucius said: "Stupid people love to act according to their subjective intentions; lowly people like to act arbitrarily; they live in this era, but they want to restore the ancient system. Disasters will surely come to such people. body."

He is not the Son of Heaven, dare not talk about etiquette, dare not formulate laws, dare not examine writing, now the world is unified, the distance between the ruts is the same, the writing is the same, and the ethics and morals are the same.Although you have the status of the Son of Heaven, if you don't have the virtue of the Son of Heaven, you don't dare to make rituals and make fun lightly;

Confucius said: "I explained the etiquette and law of the Xia Dynasty, but because its descendants have declined and there is only one Qi State, so it is not enough to verify. I studied the etiquette and law of the Yin Dynasty, and now only its descendant Song State is preserved. I I have learned the etiquette of the Zhou Dynasty, and I am practicing it now, so I follow the etiquette of the Zhou Dynasty."

[Zhu Xi Tips]

RightChapter 28.

【Translation】

Zhu Xi said that the above paragraph is Chapter 28.

(End of this chapter)