China knows everything for 5000 years

Chapter 35

Driven by this grand ambition, Sun Simiao studied hard and studied hard.In order to master extensive knowledge and reliable skills, he worked tirelessly to the point where he forgot to sleep and eat.Hard work paid off, he read a large number of various medical books, acquired a wealth of knowledge, mastered profound medical skills, and laid a good foundation for his future medical career.Because of this good foundation, Sun Simiao became famous soon after he practiced medicine, and his reputation gradually became bigger and bigger. Even the imperial court knew of his superb medical skills and wanted to call him to be a medical officer.But Sun Simiao didn't want to be bound in the palace, so he insisted on resigning. He knew that his roots should be among millions of people.

Sun Simiao not only has excellent medical skills, but also has good medical ethics. He will not turn away patients just because they cannot pay the consultation fees, and will not save them.On the contrary, he often volunteered to treat many patients and gave them medicines.For patients who came to seek medical treatment from afar, he also vacated a house for them to live in, and personally cooked soup and medicine for the patients, which was better than treating his own relatives.As long as someone asks him to visit the doctor, he always responds, no matter it is snowy or late at night, he will rush to the doctor immediately.

Once, a patient suffered from urinary retention, unable to urinate, and his stomach was very distended.He invited Sun Sixao, and begged: "Doctor Sun, save me quickly! The pee is about to burst!" The treatment of this disease used to be excretion with medicine.Now, seeing the pain of the patient, Sun Sijiao thinks: "I'm afraid it's too late to take the medicine. What should I do? If the urine doesn't come out, the opening of the urination tube may not work. Can a tube be inserted into the urethra? Let the urine flow out through the tube?" Sun Sixao thought about it and decided to give it a try.But the urethra is very thin, what kind of tube can be inserted into it?He was thinking hard and was very anxious. At this moment, he saw a child playing with an onion tube and was suddenly inspired. He thought: "The onion tube is thin and soft, maybe you can try it." So he hurriedly asked someone to find some chives, selected a thin and tough one, cut it a little, then carefully inserted it into the patient's urethra, and then blew it hard.After a while, the urine really flowed out along the onion tube, and the patient's belly slowly deflated, and the disease was cured.A small onion tube can relieve the patient's great pain.Sun Simiao thus became the first person in the world to use catheterization.

Another time, when Sun Sixao came back from a medical visit, he saw several people carrying a coffin on the road.Blood oozed from the cracks in the coffin, and an old woman followed behind crying desperately.Sun Siqiu was deeply moved by the crying, and felt that the blood flowing out of the coffin was very unusual, so he rushed over and asked, "Who is in the coffin? How long has it been since he died?" The old woman endured the pain. He stopped crying and replied with tears, "It's been several hours." Sun Simiao said, "Open the coffin and let me have a look, okay?" I think there is hope for the blood flowing out of the coffin." Hearing that Sun Simiao was right, the old lady asked everyone to open the coffin and said, "My poor child! She had a difficult labor. She struggled for two days and two nights. I suffered a lot. As a result, the child was not born, and I gave my own life. I am just such a daughter. If the doctor can save her, I will kowtow to you." Open.Sun Simiao looked inside the coffin and saw that the woman's face was pale, and she hurriedly reached out to feel her pulse, and she was still trembling slightly.Sun Simiao quickly took out the silver needle, selected the acupoints, inserted it slowly, and then kept twisting his fingers.After a while, the woman exhaled and opened her eyes.After a while, a fat baby fell to the ground with a "wow", and the old woman hurriedly picked up the baby, tears streaming down from excitement.Sun Simiao took out the medicine he carried with him and asked the mother to take it.The parturient gradually regained consciousness, and there was blood on her face.The old woman knelt down in front of Sun Simiao with the baby in her arms, kowtowed and said gratefully: "Thank you for saving my life! Thank you for saving my life!" Sun Simiao quickly helped the old woman up.People around saw that Sun Simiao had saved two lives with one injection, they were all amazed and admired, and praised him as a miracle doctor.

In the process of practicing medicine, Sun Simiao often used comparative methods to analyze the causes of diseases and develop ideas for medication.He found that poor people in mountainous areas are prone to "sparrow blindness" (that is, night blindness). Such patients have normal vision during the day, but at night they become like sparrows and can't see anything.Rich people often suffer from beriberi, with symptoms of body swelling, muscle pain, and general fatigue.Sun Simiao thought, why do poor people get night blindness more and rich people get beriberi more?It must have something to do with diet, either more or less of something.Therefore, he compared the diets of the poor and the rich, and found that the rich ate more meaty, greasy, refined rice and fine grains, while the poor seldom ate meat, and mostly ate coarse grains and vegetarian food.After much deliberation, he thought that the night blindness of the poor might be due to the fact that they seldom eat meat, and the beriberi of the rich was either due to eating meat or fine grains.After careful analysis, he found that the coarse grains were mixed with a lot of rice bran and bran, but the polished rice and white flour completely cleaned these things. It seems that beriberi is caused by the lack of such things as rice bran and bran.After thinking and analyzing, Sun Simiao prescribes the right medicine.He tried animal livers to treat night blindness, and rice bran and wheat bran to treat beriberi, and they were both effective.He was the first medical scientist to record beriberi in the world, about 1000 years earlier than the earliest records abroad.

Sun Sixao is also very good at acupuncture. On the basis of the known acupuncture points of the ancients, through continuous practice and exploration, he discovered many new acupuncture points and concluded a new treatment method, that is, acupuncture where there is disease.Later, people summarized this method into four words, called "selecting acupoints by pain", and followed Sun Simiao's example, calling the acupoint of "selecting acupoints by pain" "Ashi acupoint".When it comes to Ashi point, there is a history here.

Once, a patient came to see Sun Sixao and said that there was a pain in the inner thigh.Sun Sixao prescribed a traditional Chinese medicine for him, but after taking it, it didn't work.Sun Sixao used acupuncture and moxibustion for the patient. After a few pricks, the patient still kept crying for pain.Sun Simiao thought, besides those mentioned in ancient books, are there no other acupuncture points?While gently pinching the patient's thigh with his thumb, he kept patiently asking the patient, "Does it hurt here?" After pinching many places and asking many times, the patient suddenly cried out: "Ah! Yes, yes, right here!" Sun Simiao injected an injection at that point, and the patient's leg pain really healed.Sun Simiao thought, there is no such acupuncture point in ancient books, so what name should it be called?Oh, that's right, the patient said, "Ah! Yes, yes, this is here! Let's call it the Ashi point!" That's how the Ashi point came about.

After long-term practice and research, Sun Silin accumulated and collected a large number of simple and effective prescriptions. He compiled these prescriptions into a book called "Prescriptions for Thousand Gold", also called "Prescriptions for Emergencies and Prescriptions for Thousands of Gold". . "Thousands of gold" means that the prescriptions contained in the book are very precious. At this time, Sun Simiao was already 70 years old.When he was 100 years old, Sun Simiao compiled the prescriptions he had accumulated in the next 30 years into another book called "Qian Jin Yi Fang". "Wing" means auxiliary, which is to use it to make up for the shortcomings of the previous book.In these two books, Sun Simiao recorded a total of more than 6500 prescriptions, which are not only large in number, but also have good curative effects.In order to commemorate this famous medical scientist, people respectfully call Sun Simiao the "King of Medicine", and Mount Wutai, where he often collects medicine, is called "Mount of Medicine King", and a Temple of Medicine King was built on the mountain.

●Reign of Emperor Taizong Zhenguan
In 626 A.D., Li Shimin, the king of Qin, launched the Xuanwu Gate Change to ascend to the throne of God, and changed his reign name to "Zhenguan" the following year. He was Tang Taizong, an outstanding statesman in ancient China.

Li Shimin drew on the historical lessons of the demise of the Sui Dynasty and formulated political policies that basically complied with the requirements of historical development at that time.At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the economy was depressed, the people's life was very difficult, and the country's finances were also severely strapped.Therefore, Li Shimin first implemented the policy of light corvee, light tax, and rest with the people to avoid and reduce wars as much as possible, so as to reduce military expenditures.

The talent policy of emphasizing both closeness and intimacy, as well as both ability and political integrity, is an important guarantee and foundation for Li Shimin's political rule.In order to brainstorm, correct deviations and make up for mistakes, Li Shimin established a relatively complete system of supervision and admonishing officials.The admonition officials directly participated in political affairs, and Beijing officials of the fifth rank or above took turns staying night in Zhongshu introspection, so that they could be summoned at any time, inquire about foreign affairs, and discuss the gains and losses of politics and education.Wei Zheng was the most famous "official minister" at that time. He had an upright temperament, dared to remonstrate, and fought hard with reason. Li Shimin adopted most of his remonstrances. Wei Zheng participated in and planned many policies during the Zhenguan period.

The imperial examination system was also restored and improved during this period, and finally finalized and became the official selection system throughout the feudal society of later generations. Outstanding talents from all walks of life were able to enter the political ruling group, and intellectuals had a convenient door to advance to official positions.In political rule, Li Shimin paid special attention to ethical education and took it as the spiritual pillar to consolidate his rule.Based on Confucianism, Li Shimin attached great importance to the construction of laws while promoting the rule of rites. He formulated and implemented a series of laws and decrees. of.

Through the formulation and implementation of a series of political, economic and military policies, the political atmosphere in the early Tang Dynasty was enlightened and clean, the productive forces developed rapidly, the economy flourished unprecedentedly, and the society was stable.The people obtained a relatively stable political environment and could engage in labor and production with peace of mind, thus creating a splendid culture and a prosperous and strong national power, which was hailed as the "Government of Zhenguan" by later generations.

●The Sixth Patriarch Huineng came out of the folk
Wuzu Mountain in the northeast of Huangmei, Hubei Province, was called Fengmao Mountain in Tang Dynasty.The ancient trees in the mountains are dense, and the pines and bamboos are intertwined. It is the seat of Dongshan Temple, a famous Buddhist resort in my country.In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, Master Hongren, the "Five Patriarchs of the Eastern Land" of Zen, preached here, with more than a thousand disciples, known as the "Dongshan Method".

One day in 661 A.D., a young man came to Feng Maoshan. He was unkempt, ragged, and dusty. He came straight to find Master Hongren.When he saw Master Hongren, he proclaimed himself a disciple, and he bowed to him.At that time, there were many talented people under Hongren's sect, and the monks and laymen were all outstanding talents.Seeing his ugly appearance and vulgar manner, Hongren couldn't help asking: "Where did you come from? What are you doing here?" The young man replied: "The disciple is a native of Lingnan, a citizen of Xinzhou (in today's Guangdong). Come to worship Master, and ask for nothing but to be a Buddha." Seeing his arrogance, the master shouted, "You are from Lingnan, and you are a cat liar, how can you be worthy of being a Buddha?" The young man replied without any fear. : "The land is divided into north and south, and there is no north and south for Buddha nature; people have superiority and inferiority, but Buddha nature should have no superiority or inferiority." A few words of the young man made Master Hongren look at him with admiration. This young man is Huineng, the sixth patriarch of Zen Buddhism.

Huineng's common surname was Lu. He was born in 638 AD. His father died when he was 3 years old. His family was poor and he supported his mother by selling firewood.He is illiterate and uneducated, but talented and intelligent.One day when he was selling firewood and listening to someone read the "Diamond Sutra", he realized something in his heart. During the conversation, he learned that Master Hongren was opening a Dharma door in Dongshan, and he was very envious.The man who read the scriptures was originally an enthusiastic Buddhist. Seeing that Huineng had extraordinary aptitude and aspirations for Taoism, he decided to make it happen and gave him ten taels of silver.After Huineng received funding and settled down with his mother, he left his relatives and set out on the road to meet Hongren and seek the way to become a Buddha.

Seeing Huineng's strange words, Hongren decided to take him in, but because of his humble background, he was sent to the bungalow to be a spring rice walker.When Huineng was in the Dufang Chunmi, when he encountered Hongren's lecture in the lecture hall, he pricked up his ears and listened carefully, silently thinking about the small things and the big things, and slowly understood.Sometimes he is immersed in the mysterious Zen theory, and even forgets the environment and self-inflicted.

Eight months passed, and on this day, Master Hongren suddenly gathered 8 disciples under his sect, and announced in public that he would choose a disciple who truly understood the essence of Buddhism to pass on the mantle as his successor.Hongren ordered his disciples to compose a poem of brown language, so as to observe their understanding of Buddhism.

Shenxiu, who is recognized as the most outstanding chief disciple of Hongren's sect, wrote a brown language, which was inscribed on the wall of the south corridor of the Buddhist hall.Wipe it frequently so as not to cause dust.As soon as this gatha came out, all the disciples praised it as wonderful, no one dared to write another gatha, Shenxiu herself was also secretly proud.When the news reached Huineng's ears, he smiled slightly when he heard it, went to the south porch, wrote a verse, and asked someone to write it on the wall.Its gatha says: There is no tree for Bodhi, and the mirror is not a stand.There is nothing in the first place, where does the dust come from?Shenxiu's gatha affirms the existence of one's own body and mind, and believes that only by practicing extremely diligently can one gradually reach the pure state of being free from dust, which belongs to the traditional theory of gradually becoming a Buddha.Hui Neng's brown language believes that the body, mind and all things are illusory and unreal, and only the Buddha nature possessed by everyone is the only real existence.This idea is consistent with his statement that Buddha nature does not distinguish between high and low in the north and south when he first entered Dongshan to see Hongren, but after eight months of silently receiving the teachings, his thinking became more thorough and subtle.Although his and Shenxiu's ideas are both idealistic, their understanding is much more thorough than Shenxiu's. If it is applied to Buddhist practice, it will be much simpler to achieve enlightenment and become a Buddha.A coolie who came from a poor background and was in the lower ranks of the monastery actually made such a wonderful verse, which immediately caused a sensation.Complicated emotions such as admiration, surprise, jealousy, anger, and hatred instantly enveloped the normally peaceful monastery.

When Hongren saw Huineng's gatha, he knew that he had truly grasped the essence of seeking the Buddha, and wanted to pass on the mantle to him, but he was afraid that people would know it, so he kept his face on purpose.At three o'clock that night, Hongren secretly called Huineng into the room, taught him the scriptures and the Dharma, and warned Huineng that his current status and status were extraordinary, and if he was not convinced, his life would be in danger, and he should leave Dongshan quickly and return to the south.Huineng set off overnight to travel south, went through many hardships and dangers along the way, escaped from hunting, and finally returned to Lingnan, where he mixed with farmers and merchants, lived among hunters, and disappeared for a few years.After a long time, the turmoil of the competition for the mantle and the rule of law gradually subsided.Hui Neng felt that the time was ripe and it was time to come out to spread the Dharma, so he came to Nanhai (near today's Guangzhou City) to listen to the Dharma under Master Yinzong.

One day, Yinzong asked the people: "The flag on the flagpole is blown by the wind, is it moving or not?" The people discussed a lot, some said that the flag was moving, some said it was not the flag, but the wind itself.Hui Neng stood up from his seat and said loudly: "Master! It's not the wind, nor the flag that's moving, it's just the hearts of the people." As soon as he said this, everyone was shocked.Immediately, Yinzong knew that his cultivation of Buddhism was not as good as that of Huineng, so he turned to Huineng for advice, only to realize that Huineng was where the mantle of Buddhism lay.Soon, Yinzong personally led all his disciples to Huineng's residence to receive precepts on shaving for Huineng.In this way, Huineng officially became a monk and became a monk.

After Yinzong shaved Huineng's hair, he worshiped under Huineng's school and respected Huineng as his teacher.From then on, Huineng often preached for others under the bodhi tree.Soon, Huineng came to Caoxi, Shaoguan, recruited many disciples, expanded the temple, taught the Dharma for decades, gained a great reputation, and had [-] apprentices.

Huineng's activities have always been rooted in the grassroots.His theoretical thoughts are reflected in the "Tan Sutra", creating an unprecedented new situation in Chinese Buddhism, which is refreshing.This sect is the Chinese Zen that will flourish in the future.

●Wu Zetian killed her daughter and begged for a queen

Wu Zetian was born in Wenshui, Bingzhou (now Wenshuidong, Shanxi). Before entering the palace, her father was the Minister of Industry at that time.When Wu Zetian was 14 years old, Tang Taizong Li Shimin heard of her beauty, called her into the harem, and named her a talented person.Wu Zetian, who had just entered the palace, won the favor of Li Shimin with her unique charm.Later, Li Shimin was critically ill, and Prince Li Zhi was by his side, and Wu Zetian gradually developed feelings for him.

In 649 AD, Li Shimin died.According to the court system at that time, the 26-year-old Wu Zetian and the concubines who had no children in the harem were sent to the Ganye Temple to have their hair cut off and become nuns to pray for the late emperor.One day in 654 AD, on the anniversary of Li Shimin's death, Li Zhi went to Ganye Temple to offer incense, and met Wu Zetian, and the two relived their old relationship.Later, Li Zhi recalled her to the harem and named her Zhaoyi.

After Wu Zetian entered the palace again, she groveled and flattered the queen and queen at the beginning.Knowing that Queen Wang and Concubine Xiaojiao had conflicts, she united with Queen Wang and took away Li Zhi's love for Xiao Shi.When the Xiao family fell out of favor, Wu Zetian turned his target to the queen.It happened that Wu Zetian gave birth to a girl, and the queen liked her very much and teased her in the house.After the queen went out, Wu Zetian secretly strangled the child to death and covered it with a quilt.Just when Li Zhi arrived, Wu Zetian pretended to open the quilt to look at the child, and found that the child was dead, and immediately cried in surprise.Li Zhi asked the left and right attendants, and everyone said that the queen had just come.Li Zhi was furious and decided to abolish the queen and replace Wu Zetian as the queen.

In feudal society, the abolition and establishment of the empress was a major national event, which had to be discussed by the ministers.The court ministers were divided into two factions.Opinions against making Wu Zetian the empress mainly came from the important ministers of the court, Sun Wuji and Chu Suiliang. They tried their best to defend the queen, saying that she was born noble, honest and virtuous, had no major faults, and should not be abolished as empress; She was born in a poor family and once served the late emperor, so being a queen violated the rules of etiquette.Han Yuan and other ministers also expressed their opposition.However, Li Yifu, Xu Jingzong and others stood on the opposite side of Changsun Wuji and supported Wu Zetian as queen in order to win favor in front of Li Zhi and Wu Zetian.In 654 A.D., Li Zhi issued an edict to abolish the king, queen and concubine Xiao Shu as common people. Six days later, Wu Zetian was officially registered as queen.

●Wu Zetian made himself emperor
(End of this chapter)