China knows everything for 5000 years

Chapter 40

With their life ideals and enthusiasm of saving the time, helping the world and making contributions, Sanjie infused the poems with lofty sentiments and suave spirit.In "Four Poems on History", Lu Zhaolin praised Ji Bu who was "lonely and straight" and "how proud he is", Guo Tai who "no princes can be friends, and the emperor can't be a minister", Zhu Yun, the head of the courtier".At the same time, he also directly criticized the upper-class aristocratic society. He wrote in the long work "Chang'an Ancient Ideas": "I said that singing and dancing have lasted for thousands of years, and I said that I was arrogant and extravagant. The scenery does not treat each other, and the mulberry fields and blue seas will change in an instant. In the past, there was a white jade hall with golden steps, but now there are only green pine trees. It is a lonely and lonely residence in the Yangtze River, and there is a bed of books every year. There are unique sweet-scented osmanthus flowers in Nanshan, flying around to attack people." The poem describes the scenery of the imperial capital and the nobles The extravagant way of life is extravagant and parallel, and then suddenly turns here to point out that in the constantly moving universe, prosperity and wealth are just passing clouds that will eventually disappear.And this kind of extravagant life is only for later generations to sigh, thus denying the eternal value of the aristocratic social order.

Among the four masters, the most legendary is King Luo Bin.King Luo Bin was able to write poems at the age of 7, and when he was an adult, he repeatedly claimed to be a hero. Sometimes there is a poem in "Shang Pei Shi Lang" as evidence: "Le Gong thinks better than Xian, and makes decisions to deceive Chen secretly. If you don't make frost and snow, you will waste it." Yu Jingchun." However, his official career was not smooth throughout his life, and his highest official position was only as the chief secretary of Chang'an, and then served as the imperial censor.However, at that time, Wu Zetian was in power, appointed cruel officials, made things out of nothing, and made a big case of treason.King Luo Bin was implicated and imprisoned soon, and suffered injustice.He was not released from prison until Tang Gaozong "disclosed" and granted an amnesty.

So far, King Luo Bin hated Wu Zetian, who "women's rights have brought disaster to the country".In 684 AD, Xu Jingye, Li Shizhu's grandson, united some people who had enemies with Wu Zetian to crusade against her.King Luo Bin immediately wrote the poem "Ruan Jikong roared, Liu Kun was not happy alone", rushed to Yangzhou, joined Xu Jingye's army, and wrote "A Call to Arms" himself.

This proclamation is divided into three parts.In the first part, King Luo Bin pointed out in sharp terms: Wu Zetian came from a lowly background and was not harmonious by nature.Taking advantage of Concubine Yang's hand, she sneaked into Taizong's side, put on a coquettish posture, and began to deceive Taizong's favor, becoming a low-level concubine by his side.He also used the opportunity of changing clothes to be promiscuous and confuse the East Palace, and concealed his personal relationship to get Gaozong's favor.Jealous of other concubines, counting all the tricks, playing tricks, deceiving the emperor, and stealing the queen's position.His temperament is as cruel as a leopard wolf, and his heart is as poisonous as a snake and a scorpion.Plotting to usurp the throne, killing parents and children, destroying good ministers, people and gods are indignant, and heaven and earth are punished together.The words in the article are convincing, passionate, well-founded, majestic, and quickly spread.After seeing it, people praised King Luo Bin for his courage and courage.

"Discuss Wu Olive" soon spread to Luoyang, the eastern capital.Wu Zetian received the "A Call to Martial Arts" presented by the minister, and asked his servant to read it to her.The servant was reading, his voice trembling with fright.Wu Zetian said slowly: "It's not you who wrote it, what are you afraid of?" Then he asked the servant to continue reading.After reading it, he laughed instead of anger, and said, "Who wrote this article?" The servant replied that it was King Luo Bin.Wu Zetian was silent for a while, then sighed, and said: "This kind of talent is not a high-ranking official in the court, then the prime minister must have failed his duty!" Everyone is full of praise.

Afterwards, Wu Zetian summoned civil and military officials and sent General Li Xiaoyi to lead an army of 30 to attack Xu Jingye.But before leaving, he specially instructed not to kill King Luo Bin, but to bring him back alive.

Xu Jingye had only tens of thousands of horses, and was soon defeated and killed.But Li Xiaoyi sent people to search around, but there was no trace of King Luo Bin. Some people said that King Luo Bin died in the rebellion, and some said that he became a monk and became a monk.Whether King Luo Bin is alive or dead, and where he is, is already a historical mystery.

●The free and unrestrained "Grass Saint"

Zhang Xu, whose date of birth and death is unknown, styled Bogao, also styled Jiming, was born in Wu Jun (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province). He was a great calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty and was famous for his cursive script.Zhang Xu once served as Jinwu Changshi (official in charge of the Imperial Forest Army), so later generations also called him "Zhang Changshi".Tang Wenzong once issued a rare edict to the whole country: Li Bai's poems, Zhang Xu's cursive script, and Fei Min's sword dance can be called the "three wonders" in the world.As soon as the edict arrived in Luoyang City, it immediately caused a sensation among the learned people.They congratulated Zhang Xu one after another, and Zhang Xu bowed to thank them all, and hosted a banquet for the celebrities in Luoyang.At the banquet, someone asked Zhang Xu to talk about the secret of "excellent" cursive script. Zhang Xu said modestly: "Everyone is laughing at me. I know that I am shallow. I am ashamed of receiving the reward from the emperor. When it comes to the secret, it is nothing more than 'careful' Two words."

Indeed, Zhang Xu's love for calligraphy has reached the point of madness. He pours his emotions into the stippling, and when he writes, he acts like no one else, drunk and crazy.According to historical records, he was addicted to alcohol and often got very drunk. After drunk, he shouted and ran wildly, and then wrote with a brush. Sometimes he even dipped his hair in ink to write quickly. He thought there was divine power to help him, so he was called "Zhang Dian".Zhang Xu is unrestrained, open-minded and unrestrained, and he is called "Eight Immortals in Drinking" together with Li Bai, He Zhizhang, Li Shizhi, Li Jin, Cui Zongzhi, Su Jin and Jiao Sui.

Zhang Xu is good at both cursive and regular script, especially cursive script.His cursive script was well-known at that time and well-known in later generations, occupying an extremely important position in the history of Chinese calligraphy.In "The Song of the Eight Immortals in Drinking", Du Fu praised Zhang Xu as "the sage of grass". Yan Zhen, the great calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty?Both Qing and Huai Su had learned calligraphy from him.

●The Immortal Li Taibai
Li Bai, styled Taibai, was born in Chengji, Longxi (now Qin'an, Gansu), and lived in Suiye City in the Western Regions at the end of the Sui Dynasty (in Tokmak, Russia, which was the territory of the Tang Dynasty in the Tang Dynasty, and the Beiting Dufu was set up here).When he was 5 years old, he moved with his family to Qinglian Township, Changlong, Mianzhou (now Jiangyou, Sichuan), so Li Bai was also named Qinglian Jushi.When Li Bai was young, he showed his talents, reciting poems and composing Fu, learning widely, fond of swordsmanship, and good as a chivalrous man. From the age of 25, he went out of the Three Gorges, traveled to Shuyuan, up and down the Yangtze River, north and south of the Yellow River, and left his footprints.Li Bai has a bold and unrestrained personality, is widely known, and spends 30 yuan a year.When the interest comes, "five-flowered horses, thousands of gold, Hu'er will be exchanged for fine wine", without hesitation.Li Bai had the political ambition of "helping the Canghai" and "safety the country".Li Bai often compares himself to Guan Zhong, Zhuge Liang, and Xie An, and hopes to do a vigorous career for the country like these heroes.He did not want to take the road of imperial examinations like ordinary scholars at that time.He wants to rely on his knowledge and morality to gain reputation and become famous in one fell swoop.

In 742 AD, Li Bai's song "Wu Ye Cry" was appreciated by Xuanzong Li Longji due to the recommendation of He Zhizhang, and he was ordered to enter Beijing.At this time, Li Bai was visiting Shan'ao in Kuaiji, when he suddenly received an imperial edict ordering him to enter Beijing immediately.Li Bai couldn't believe it was true, so he hurriedly read the edict again.It has been his dream for many years to go to Beijing, meet the emperor, and do a great job of governing the country and the world, but he never thought it would come true so soon.He immediately stopped the tour, went home to pack his luggage, and set off early the next morning.Before going out, he sang loudly: "Laughing up to the sky and going out, how can I be a Pengli person!" Li Bai, 41 years old, is full of pride like a young man, and he wants to make a big career.

Not long after arriving in Chang'an, the 80-year-old literary leader He Zhizhang came to visit him.Li Bai sent him a poem "The Road to Shu is Difficult".He Zhizhang read that "the road to Shu is more difficult than going up to the blue sky", "the yellow crane cannot fly, and Xu Yi (gibbon) wants to overcome his worries and climb up", "I went to the Lijing (Chan, Bing, star name) to raise my breath and hold my breath with my hands. Touching (chest) sitting and sighing", and "Lianfeng goes to the sky without a foot", I admired it. Before I finished reading the poem, I was full of praise. I called Li Bai "the immortal in the sky", which means the person who came from the sky and the earth. Poetry fairy.Since then, the name of "Banished Immortal" has been well-known in Chang'an.

When Li Longji summoned Li Bai, he also gave special courtesy, saying: "You are a commoner, but I know it, which shows that your moral articles are very comparable!" He also invited Li Bai to sit on the "Seven Treasures Imperial Bed" and talk with him Enter the royal meal.Li Longji also personally made the hot soup colder for Li Bai, which is called "Royal Hand Spoon".In the feudal era, this was the highest courtesy for the subjects, and Li Bai became famous all over the world for it.Soon, Li Longji asked Li Bai to be a Hanlin enshrinement, which is a kind of official position for writing poems and compositions in the palace, which is specially for the emperor and ministers to appreciate and add to the fun.Li Bai didn't see the emperor looking for him to discuss important state affairs, and he didn't assign him any important official duties, and he was rarely summoned several times.When they were summoned, they either accompanied the emperor and his concubine on a tour of mountains and rivers, or asked him to write "Pleasure Poetry in the Palace".This kind of life is too far away from Li Bai's ideal, and he is unwilling to be this kind of court poet.In Chang'an, Li Bai had nothing to do, he just got together with poet friends all day long, drank his sorrows with wine, and became one of the Eight Immortals of Chang'an Drinking.Therefore, there is a poem saying: "Li Baidou's hundred poems on wine, sleeping in a restaurant in Chang'an City. The emperor can't get on the boat, and claims to be a minister of wine."

One day, Li Bai had just returned from drinking in a restaurant with his friends He Zhizhang, Zhang Xu and others.However, I couldn't wake him up.The servant was so anxious that he had to pour cold water on his head, and finally put him on the horse and sent him to the harem.It turned out that the peonies bloomed beside the Chenxiang Pavilion in the harem. Li Longji and Yang Yuhuan were accompanied by Gao Lishi and Yang Guozhong to enjoy the flowers in the pavilion.The peonies bloomed very beautifully, setting off Yang Yuhuan's delicate face.Li Longji was very happy to see it, so he ordered Li Bai to be called and asked him to write poems to cheer him up.Li Bai staggered into the Chenxiang Pavilion and saluted the emperor and empress.Seeing his drunken appearance, Li Longji couldn't help laughing, so he said, "Taibai, sit down now. The peonies are in full bloom today, and you can write a peony poem for me." Sit down on the pier.While looking at the colorful and blooming peonies outside the pavilion, I conceived.He remembered that not long ago he had the honor to witness Yang Yuhuan's dancing posture, the dancing steps were so light, like a white cloud floating around.Thus, the first line of Li Bai's poem is: "Yun Xiang clothes Hua Xiangrong."

Jindun was a little short, and Li Bai sat on the pier with his feet sticking out.Li Longji saw Li Bai's two boots on the top, not only very old, but also cracked in some places, so he asked casually: "Taibai, why are your boots so broken?" Li Bai quickly stood up and replied: "Mr. I have a new pair of boots, which are specially worn for entering the palace. I came here in a hurry today, so I haven’t put them on yet.” The words made everyone present laugh.Li Longji suppressed his smile, turned his head and said to Gao Lishi, "Go get a pair of new court boots and let Taibai put them on." Gao Lishi agreed to go, and after a while, he brought a pair of new boots and handed them to Li Bai .Li Bai took it, thanked the emperor first, and then sat on the brocade pier and took off his old boots.The ancient boots all had a high waist, and it was very difficult to take them off. Li Bai was so weak after drinking that he did not take them off after several times.Seeing that Gao Lishi was still standing beside him, he stretched out his leg and said to Gao Lishi, "Help me take it off."

Gao Lishi was very favored by the emperor at that time, Li Longji ignored the government, Gao Lishi was actually the emperor's representative, and people like Li Linfu, An Lushan, and Yang Guozhong all fawned on him.And Li Bai dared to make him take off his boots, which was an insult to him.But Gao Lishi was not easy to get angry in front of the emperor, so he had to hold back his anger and obediently take off his two boots for Li Bai.

Li Bai put on his new boots, stood up and walked to several desks, and saw that the desks were covered with brocade paper, and the ink in the ink pool had been grinded.Li Bai flicked the pen a few times in the ink pool, and found that the ink was a little thin.Seeing that Yang Guozhong was standing by the desk watching him write, he casually ordered: "Make the ink thicker!" , often accompanying the emperor.But today, Li Bai asked him to study ink, which is really a great shame.But like Gao Lishi, he picked up the ink and studied it.

Li Bai dipped his pen to his full capacity, danced on the brocade paper, and wrote the three famous "Qingping Diao".While Li Bai was writing, Yang Yuhuan was reading. Li Bai boasted of her beauty with "the famous flowers are all over the country, and they look like a king with a smile", which made her very happy.Li Guinian immediately sang the music on the score of the song, Li Longji appreciated it, and Yang Yuhuan was also very proud.After that, Yang Yuhuan often sang "Qingping Diao".

Afterwards, Gao Lishi, who hated Li Bai for letting him take off his boots, secretly said to Yang Yuhuan: "Li Bai compared you to the misbehaving Han concubine Zhao Feiyan in the poem. Isn't that disrespectful!" , immediately turned from joy to anger, and hated Li Bai.Li Longji held back Concubine Yang and refused to reuse Li Bai.

Li Bai didn't know it.He offended Gao Lishi and Yang Guozhong because of his open personality and his unrestrained behavior, which was purely unintentional.He usually gets along with princes and ministers, never humble, but treat each other as equals.He thought it would not be a big deal for the eunuch to help him take off his boots and Yuanwailang to help him grind ink.But how could Gao Lishi and Yang Guozhong tolerate him!Many ministers in the court also regarded Li Bai as a thorn in his side.

Li Bai was in Chang'an for three years, but he was never reused and unable to display his ambitions.Li Bai refused to flirt with power and power, and he couldn't tolerate it in the end. In the end, he had no choice but to return the mountains and forests, leave Chang'an, and travel far away with a sword again.

On his way east from Chang'an, Li Bai met Du Fu and Gao Shi in Luoyang.It was 744 A.D., and Li Bai Bidu?At the age of 11, Du Fu was already a world-famous great poet, and Du Fu was preparing to go west to Chang'an, hoping to seek an official position in the capital.The three of them visited the Longmen Grottoes and the White Horse Temple in Luoyang, and then went east together to pay homage to the Yuwang Temple.After that, Gao Shi went to Chudi to see his friends.Li Bai and Du Fu went to Qizhou together. They traveled hand in hand and formed a deep friendship.

In 755 AD, the Anshi Rebellion broke out.With the enthusiasm of serving the country of "Qing Central Plains" and "Quiet Husha", Li Bai was invited to join the rebel army of the Southern Yongwang Li Zhen (Li Longji's No. 16 son) as the shogunate.Unexpectedly, Li Lin's elder brother Tang Suzong Li Heng accused Li Lin of rebellion and sent troops to destroy him.Li Bai was therefore considered guilty of treason and almost killed.Fortunately, he was rescued by General Guo Ziyi, and he was exiled to Yelang from the death penalty.Li Bai, full of anger, injustice and grievance, embarked on the road of exile and started the last journey of his life.

In the spring of 759 AD, Li Bai was pardoned in Baidi City, Sichuan.Before long, he was roaming again.After these years of ups and downs, Li Bai was extremely poor.This gave him the opportunity to get close to the lower classes of people.In 762 AD, Li Bai ended his life in poverty and wandering.

Although Li Bai was unhappy all his life, his beautiful poems have been recited by people for thousands of years.His poems have unusually rich imagination and high artistic skills.His poems praising the mountains and rivers of the motherland are full of patriotic enthusiasm.There are 1000 of Li Bai's poems handed down. Tang people said it well: "Li and Du's articles are as long as they are."

●Du Zimei, poet history of Tang Dynasty
Du Fu, courtesy name Zimei, was originally from Xiangyang (now Hubei), and later moved to Gong County (now Henan).He once lived in Shaoling near Duling in the southeast of Chang'an, so he called himself "Shaoling Yelao", and later generations also called him Du Shaoling.He was born in a family of officials. His grandfather Du Shenyan was also a poet, and his father Du Xian was the county magistrate of Fengxian County.Du Fu once worked as a member of the Jiedu Staff Inspection Department, Wailang, so later generations called him Du Gongbu.Du Fu was young and intelligent, and could write poems at the age of 7. When he was [-] or [-] years old, he began to associate with some famous literati in Luoyang.Like Li Bai, the young Du Fu also had the experience of roaming the north and south of the motherland, first traveling to Wu and Yue in the south, and then traveling to Qi and Zhao in the north.When traveling, he climbed to the top of Mount Tai, and he wrote the famous poem "Wang Yue".In the poem, the famous line "will be the top of the mountain, and see all the small mountains" expresses his ambition.

In 746 AD, Du Fu arrived in Chang'an.In the second year of Du Fu's arrival in Chang'an, Li Longji ordered to seek talented people from all over the world.Du Fu took the exam, and his answers were excellent. Unexpectedly, he failed.It turned out that the chief examiner was Li Linfu, a treacherous prime minister. He was afraid that the introduction of talents would not be conducive to his monopolization of the government, so he refused to admit any of them. I found out that there is a talent for harvesting, and I sincerely see that Your Majesty is a sage, and there are no sages left." Li Longji, who is over sixty years old, believed it and thought Li Linfu was very capable.This exam was a blow to Du Fu. His ambition of "to the king, Yao and Shun, and then to make the custom pure" for many years was not only impossible to realize, but also shattered.

Du Fu couldn't get ahead, so he lived in Chang'an, and his life became more and more tired. He lived a desolate life of "closing the rich at the door, following the dust of the fat horse at night. Broken cups and cold burns, and lurking sorrow everywhere".In order to express his ambition, Du Fu wrote "Three Ritual Fu" and dedicated it to Li Longji.Li Longji appreciated it very much, and ordered the prime minister to conduct an assessment on him.However, Li Linfu repeated his old trick, and after seeing Du Fu, he never heard from him again.Du Fu presented two Fus to Li Longji in a row. It was not until 755 AD that the 44-year-old Du Fu obtained a very low-status position.However, before he got the official position, he watched his youngest son starve to death.At this time, Concubine Yang's brothers and sisters were very much in love with each other, singing and dancing in the Huaqing Palace day and night, and having a big banquet...

Passing by Lishan Mountain, Du Fu felt infinite grief and indignation when he saw this situation, so he wrote the famous line of "the wine and meat of the Zhumen stink, and the bones are frozen to death on the road".

Soon, the Anshi Rebellion broke out, the Central Plains lost control, and the two capitals fell.At this time, all people with lofty ideals in the country took action, armed with halberds and halberds, and went to the national calamity together.Du Fu experienced many hardships in this great turmoil. He was first captured by the rebels and imprisoned in Chang'an, and then escaped to join Li Heng, Emperor Suzong of Tang Dynasty.During this period, Du Fu traveled around and wandered, hearing and witnessing the disasters and pains brought by wars and taxes.Du Fu himself was forced by life to dig wild vegetables, pick up acorns, chop firewood, and set up a medicine stall.Du Fu wrote poems after poems with grief, indignation and pain, and drew pictures of exile. Famous articles such as "Three Officials" and "Sanbie" all profoundly expressed the disaster and sadness of that era.Du Fu's poems are true, profound and rich in content, surpassing the simple records of historians, so they are known as a generation of "history of poetry".

(End of this chapter)