China knows everything for 5000 years

Chapter 5

Around 1766 BC, Shang Tang formally launched an army to attack Xia Jie, which opened the curtain of the Battle of Mingtiao.Before the war, Shang Tang learned from Xia Qi's practice when he defeated the Youhu clan, and held a solemn oath-taking activity.At the swearing-in meeting, he delivered a righteous and majestic precept, listing Xia Jie's crimes of destroying production, implementing tyranny, and cruelly exploiting and oppressing the people.Affirm that he is adhering to the will of heaven to conquer Xia Jie, and the purpose is to save the people from the fire and water.At the same time, Shang Tang also solemnly announced strict battlefield discipline and combat essentials.This swearing-in is similar to the "Gan Oath" of the year, which greatly boosted morale and inspired fighting spirit.

Then, Shang Tang selected 70 good chariots and 6000 warriors. He joined forces from all sides and took a strategic detour to the west of Xiadu.

The news of Shang Tang's army finally spread to Xiadu and Xia Jie's ears. Xia Jie, who had been indulging in wine, beauty and gentleness, just woke up like a dream at this time, and the place was in chaos.In desperation, he had no choice but to rush to the battle, commanding a group of soldiers who had exhausted their combat effectiveness by the peaceful life of singing and dancing, to resist Shang Tang's attack.So the two armies met in the area of ​​Mingtiao (near today's Luoyang, Henan, or in the area of ​​today's Xi'an, Shanxi), and started a life-and-death battle.

In the decisive battle, Shangtang's army fought bravely and defeated Xia Jie's main force in one fell swoop. Xia Jie was defeated and returned to the three abdomens of the subordinate state (now in the east of Dingtao, Shandong).Shang Tang took advantage of the victory and pursued, attacking and annihilating Sanfu.At the end of his life, Xia Jie led a small number of remnants to flee to Nanchao (now south of Shouxian County, Anhui Province), where he died of illness soon after, and the Xia Dynasty should perish.

## The Fourth Series Bronze and Oracle Dynasties
●Chengtang builds a business customization system
Tang, Yin Ruins inscriptions as "Tang", also known as "Cheng", later called "Chengtang", also known as Taiyi.Tang himself was named King Wu.

After the Xia Dynasty was completely destroyed, Shang Tang led his division to triumphantly return to Xibo (now west of Yanshi, Henan), and held a meeting of "Jingbo's Destiny" with the participation of many princes, which won the support of three thousand princes and won the status of the co-lord of the world. .In this way, on the ruins of the Xia Dynasty, a new and powerful ruling dynasty——Shang Dynasty was born amid iron and blood.

Under the rule of King Shang, the Shang Dynasty had a complete set of ruling institutions, a large number of troops with considerable combat effectiveness, complete prisons and punishments, and extensive use of slaves. The society of the Shang Dynasty was a fairly developed slave society.

There is a set of ruling institutions below the king of Shang, which are divided into "internal service" and "outer service", that is, inside and outside the king, central and local.

The official in charge of government affairs in the internal service is called Yin, who assists the king of Shang in handling state affairs, and is called a minister in ancient books, such as Yi Yin and Zhong Hui in Cheng Tang, Shi Ban and Fu Shuo in Wu Ding, etc.Below Yin, there are various affairs officials called Duoyin, who are in charge of building the palace, farming the royal fields, and sending envoys.Those in charge of various handicrafts are called division workers.There is also a small minister selected from the slaves, such as the Xiaoji minister in charge of farming, the Xiaoqiu minister in charge of the mountains and forests, the Xiao Ma minister in charge of chariots and horses, and the Xiao disease minister in charge of healing.Historian is a civil official who is in charge of sacrifices, divination, ceremonies, and records of king's affairs.Those who manage divination are called "chaste people", and Zhu and Wuzhuan engage in religious activities.Witches were slaves who were burned to pray for rain when needed.The one with the knife and pen to record the king's affairs is called a book.The military officer has many horses, many Asia, many shots, many dogs, etc., and is ordered to conquer, hunt down fugitives, and manage infantry, archers, field hunting, chariots (chariots), etc.

Foreign service refers to the vassals that Wang Jiwai surrendered to the dynasty, and its chief was Hou Bo, who was responsible for frontier defense, tribute, taxation and conquest to the Shang Dynasty.There are also local supervisors sent by the King of Shang, such as Mingdian who manages the farmland planting, and Mumu who manages livestock.

The army of the Shang Dynasty was divided into divisions.The division is the basic organizational form of the army and is the standing army of the Shang Dynasty.The main arms are infantry and chariot soldiers, and chariot warfare is generally used in combat.A soldier carries three people, the driver of the horse is in the middle, the archer is on the left, and the attacker is on the right.

The Shang Dynasty already had the five punishments that later generations said.In oracle bone inscriptions, cutting means beheading with a dagger; tattooing, using a knife to engrave inscriptions on the face; 劓, using a knife to cut off the nose;There are also prisons, which means handcuffs and ankles; 抱, handcuffing hands with luck; Yu, that is, a prison for detaining people.

There were a large number of slaves in the Shang Dynasty, who were used in various fields of production and life.Those engaged in agricultural production are called public, those used in handicrafts are called workers, those used in animal husbandry are called husk or Qiang chu, and domestic slaves are called concubines, Xi, servants, etc.In the Shang Dynasty, a large number of people were sacrificed. In palace buildings, ancestral temples, and even ordinary living and tomb sites, there were also sacrifices, most of whom were slaves.

●Pan Geng moved to Yin and Shang was prosperous
The Shang Dynasty lasted more than 500 years from its founding to its demise.The Shang Dynasty established its capital in Yin from Pan Geng, the ninth grandson of Shang Tang, the No.19 king of the Shang Dynasty.During the Shang Dynasty, the capital was moved many times. Pan Geng established his capital in Yin and stopped moving, which reflects that the importance of agriculture has surpassed that of animal husbandry at this time, and people demanded to settle down.

Pan Geng's move to Yin is of great significance in the history of the Shang Dynasty.During the period of Wuding, the third king after Pan Geng, the rule of the Shang Dynasty reached its peak. After Pan Geng moved to Yin, until the end of the Shang Dynasty, eight generations and twelve kings, in 270, the capital of the Shang Dynasty was never moved again, so the Shang Dynasty Also known as the Yin Dynasty, sometimes also called Yin Shang or Shang Yin.

Pan Geng decided to move to Yin after a struggle.After Taijia, the life of the monarchs and slave-owner nobles in the Shang Dynasty was very corrupt.They believe in ghosts and gods, and they especially like to drink.They are complete parasites, do not work themselves, and drive their slaves to do everything.Between slaves and slave owners, class conflicts were very sharp, and slaves fled in large numbers.Among the royal family and nobles, the competition for the throne has become more and more intense. Some people say that brothers should die and brothers should die, and some people say that fathers should die and sons should succeed.There are often life-and-death struggles between uncles, nephews, and brothers, which mess up the country.

Class contradictions and internal contradictions among slave owners weakened the Shang Dynasty, and production was abandoned. Some small countries and ethnic minorities were no longer subject to the restraint of the Shang Dynasty. Coupled with natural disasters such as floods and droughts, the Shang Dynasty, a slavery country, could hardly survive. down.

At this time, the No. 18 Wang Yangjia of the Shang Dynasty died, and Yangjia's younger brother Pan Geng became king.Pan Geng was a scheming person, he was good at observing the situation, and felt that the country could no longer continue as before, and he should come up with an effective way to alleviate these contradictions and save the Shang Dynasty from declining.The way he came up with was to move the capital to Yin, reclaim wasteland, and settle down for a long time.

First, the land in Yin is relatively fertile, and natural disasters are less and milder. Building a capital here is conducive to the development of agricultural production.Second, after moving the capital, everything has to be done from scratch, and the slave owners and nobles cannot enjoy too much, so that class conflicts can be eased.Third, moving the capital can avoid dangerous rebel forces, the capital is safer, and the rule can be more stable.

At that time, copper smelting technology was greatly improved, and the scope of bronze ware production was also expanded.There was a large bronze workshop near Yincheng, and thousands of slaves worked in the workshop.The slaves used copper, tin, and lead as raw materials to smelt and cast tens of thousands of weapons such as axes, axes, daggers, spears, knives, and arrowheads, and food utensils such as tripods, jue, goblets, pots, plates, and Mencius. , axes, adzes, chisels, drills, shovels and other tools.

Many bronze wares are very beautiful in shape, with exquisite patterns and patterns, reaching a high artistic level, forming the bronze wares culture that was later famous all over the world.The famous Simuwu Dafang Ding has been unearthed by archaeologists from the Yin Ruins site and is completely preserved in the Chinese History Museum.This is the largest bronze vessel unearthed in the world so far.It can also be seen from the bronzes of the Shang Dynasty that the splendid ancient culture of our country was created by the laboring masses with slaves as the main body.

Pan Geng moved the capital and once again revived the Shang Dynasty, which made Yin Shang, a slavery country, shine brilliantly in the history of Chinese cultural development, and became a great civilization in the world at that time.

●Fu said Bai to assist Wu Ding
After Pan Geng's death, his brothers Xiao Xin and Xiao Yi came to the throne one after another.But none of them had much talent, and the Shang Dynasty began to decline again.After Xiao Yi's death, his son, Pan Geng's nephew Wu Ding, ascended the throne and became king of Shang.When Wu Ding was young, his father Xiaoyi once let him live among the people for a period of time, so Wu Ding deeply understood the sufferings of the people.

Wu Ding was an emperor who worked hard to govern, but Yin Shang had already begun to decline when he came to the throne.In the three years since he took the throne, he has been thinking about the strategy of revitalizing the Shang Dynasty.

No matter how talented an emperor is, he needs the assistance of capable people to achieve great things and realize his ambitions.Wuding is also looking for such a person who can help him, but he has never found a suitable minister.

One night, Wu Ding dreamed that God gave him a sage, who was dressed as a slave, said his surname was Fu, and was doing hard labor.Wu Ding woke up and thought: Fu Zhe, Xiang Ye.The speaker is Yue Ye.This means that God will give me someone who can help me and make my subjects happy!Wu Ding thought that he was going to get a good helper to govern the world, so he was very happy.

After dawn, Wu Ding couldn't wait to tell all the officials about the dream, but everyone didn't believe it.People commented one after another: "What talent can a slave have? It's just a ridiculous dream." Wu Ding didn't think so. He described the appearance of the man he saw in the dream and asked the painter to draw it. Come out and look across the country.After a lot of effort, Wu Ding finally found a mason who built walls with rammed earth and said.

Wu Ding didn't despise Fu Shuo because he was a slave. On the contrary, after hearing Fu Shuo's strategy of governing the country, he believed that Fu Shuo was indeed a man of knowledge, knowledge and ambition, so he worshiped Fu Shuo as his master. Xiangguo, presided over the government.

After Fu Shuo became Prime Minister, he lived up to Wu Ding's expectations of him, and assisted Wu Ding to vigorously carry out reforms, so that nobility and common people had no complaints. Dao revival".The Wuding Dynasty also became the heyday of the late Shang Dynasty.

●Wu Ding Zheng Sifang ZTE
Wu Ding once had a strong national power with the help of Fu Shuo and other virtuous ministers, so he continued to fight in all directions.In the Yin Dynasty, a nomadic tribe named Guifang in the northern grassland area often harassed the area ruled by the Yin people. Wu Ding personally led the army to conquer it, and it took three years to put it down.

Gongfang is another nomadic tribe in northern Yin. Before Pan Geng moved to Yin, Gongfang took advantage of the royal family's "Ninth Rebellion" to rapidly expand its power.In order to plunder more means of living, the workers gradually moved southward, harassing the vassal states of the Shang Dynasty, and often went deep into the western suburbs of the Shang Dynasty to rob.This move by Gongfang posed a serious threat to the rule of the Shang Dynasty.Therefore, Wu Ding ordered the military generals Qin and Ganpan to lead the army to conquer. After more than ten years of conquest, Gongfang was finally subdued, and the western territories were included in the territory of the Shang Dynasty.

Tufang was another tribe in the northern part of the Yin Dynasty that was closer to King Ji of Shang. They repeatedly plundered the residents of the Shang land. They once entered the eastern suburbs of Shang and looted two settlements. Wu Ding wiped out the Tufang in two or three years during the conquest of the workers. , The land of the earth also became the territory of the Shang Dynasty.The ancient Qiang tribe in the western region, also known as Xiqiang, is divided into Qiang Fang, Qiang Long, Northern Qiang, Ma Qiang and so on.Wuding conquered the Western Qiang many times, and cruelly used the captured prisoners of war as "human sacrifices" and became sacrifices to worship ghosts and gods.

There were many Fang kingdoms and tribes in the southern part of the Shang Dynasty, and "Jingchu" in the Jianghan River Basin was one of the most powerful Fang kingdoms among them.According to legend, Wu Ding once led the warriors of the Shang clan to go deep into the dangerous place of Jingchu, defeated them after fighting, captured many people from Jingchu, and razed the place where they lived.Since then, the Jianghan River Basin has also become part of the territory of the Shang Dynasty.

Both Da Peng and Pig Wei were vassal states of the Shang Dynasty.When Shang Wanghe reported to Jia, the power of the two countries increased greatly, so they didn't want to bow their heads to obey Shang, refused to pay tribute, and were also destroyed by Wu Ding.With the continuous victory of the war, the power of the Shang Dynasty expanded rapidly in the west, north, east, and south, reaching the highest peak of the Shang Dynasty, known as "Wuding Zhongxing" in history.

●The world's first female handsome

During the reign of Shang Wang Wuding, the Shang Dynasty reached its heyday.Fuhao is one of Wuding's many wives.The name of Fuhao frequently appears in the oracle bone inscriptions of the Yin and Shang Dynasties, not only because she was the wife of the king of Shang, but more importantly, she was an outstanding political activist and military strategist active in the Wuding period.

Not only was Fuhao often presided over various sacrificial activities by the order of the king of Shang, but she also showed outstanding commanding skills in military affairs.Waging war requires a sufficient source of soldiers.Generally speaking, in the ancient times when cold weapons were used to fight, whichever side invested more troops in the war would have a greater chance of winning.Therefore, before each war, the Shang Dynasty mobilized as many soldiers as possible to enrich the army.As a military general, Fu Hao often went out to conscript troops for the King of Shang.She not only recruited soldiers and horses in the country, but also extensively recruited troops from the tribes and Fang kingdoms that surrendered to the Shang Dynasty.

Every time Fuhao went out to fight, she would bring thousands of troops with her. At that time, it could be described as a mighty army.Four copper axes, two large and two small, were unearthed from Fuhao's tomb, with the inscription "Fuhao" engraved on them.Among them are two large copper axes, each weighing eight or nine kilograms.These two huge and heavy copper axes symbolize the extremely high royal power of the Shang Dynasty, and the word "Fuhao" inscribed on them shows her supreme military authority.

After Fuhao died before Wuding, the Wufang tribe, which had gradually grown stronger in the north, became the main enemy of the Shang Dynasty.Wu Ding was always worried that he could not conquer our side.He often divination, begging Fu Hao's spirit in heaven to help him defeat our side.This reflects from another aspect the prestige of Fu Hao as a military general during her lifetime.

Fuhao still enjoys a high status in the minds of successive Shang kings.After Wu Ding's death, his descendants did not bury Fu Hao with Wu Ding as his wife attached to Wu Ding, but kept Fu Hao's own tomb separately.

Fuhao is the earliest female military commander in the history of China and the history of the world, and she is an outstanding representative of Chinese women.

●Lawful and cruel King Zhou of Shang
At the end of the Shang Dynasty, the country was in decline.Although King Zhou was a tyrant, he was not a poor man, but a very smart man.Since childhood, he has had extraordinary intelligence, can speak well, and is especially good at debating.His eloquent tongue has conquered many confused princes.

He is tall and powerful. According to history books, he can gently lift boulders, fight wild animals with his bare hands, and kill many wolves, tigers and leopards with his own hands; No color change, no heartbeat.

This kind of talent makes him think that he is superior to others and that others are inferior to him, and he develops a habit of arrogance.If he ruined himself, he also ruined the country of the Shang Dynasty. He also has another big problem, which is lust, pleasure, excessive drinking, and music obsession.

There was an attack on the Su family. In order to make peace with the merchants, the Su family sent ministers to choose beautiful women all over the country. This is how Daji contributed to Zhou as a gift.Since he got this peerless beauty, this habit has developed to the point where it is difficult to get rid of.

He dotes on Daji too much. When he saw Daji for the first time, he thought in his heart: With this woman, what meaning does the country of the Shang Dynasty mean to me.King Zhou guards Daji all day long, forgetting all important national affairs and people's livelihood. He is only interested in having sex with Daji and trying to please Daji.As long as it is what Daji says, even if it is to go to the sky to get it, he will make people do it.He built a big palace for Daji, which is Lutai with a radius of several miles and a height of over a thousand feet. He brought innumerable gold and silver treasures from all over the country and piled them in every corner of Lutai.

In terms of having fun, he is even better than Xia Jie. He often blocks the door of ministers who have to deal with urgent affairs of the state, while he enjoys his pleasure in Lutai.

He asked the musician Juan to create new obscene music, wanton dances, and decadent melodies to meet his needs.He asked people to collect dogs, horses and strange playthings to enrich his deer platform.He still didn't think this was enough, so he further expanded the gardens and terraces of the sand dunes, and captured a large number of wild animals and birds to stock them.He also filled the pool under the deer platform with wine, and hung all kinds of meat around the palace to form a meat forest. He and Daji enjoyed themselves in such an environment.

Zhou was not only licentious, but also very cruel. He punished all his subjects severely, and if there was anything wrong, he would be tortured to death.His sweetheart, Daji, also invented a unique torture tool called Pao Lao, which is very cruel to use.This instrument of torture is made of copper. It is more than five feet long and three feet wide. When using torture, it is put on the fire and roasted red, and the person is tied to it. When the person's body touches, it will burn immediately. The pain was unbearable, and he would die in hell after a while.At this time, Daji and Zhou would sit on the high platform.Underneath is the tortured victim struggling desperately, but the two of them leaned forward and back together happily.

##The Fifth Series A Real Western Zhou Dynasty
●Taibo made Wang Jian the state of Wu
"Historical Records Zhou Benji" records that the Zhou Dynasty Tai Wang Gugong Danfu had three sons: the eldest son Taibo, the second son Zhongyong, and the youngest son Jili.Taibo is the eldest son of the Taiwang. According to the traditional practice of passing the throne to the eldest son in ancient times, he is the natural heir to the monarch.But Ji Li was a very wise man, and his son Ji Chang (later King Wen of Zhou) was also deeply loved by the ancient father and father. "Historical Records" records that Gu Gong and Dan Fu once said: "Our country will have talents who can make us prosperous and powerful in this generation. Who else can we have except Ji Chang?"

Taibo saw that his father intended to pass on the throne to his third brother Ji Li so that Ji Chang could succeed him in the future, and that his nephew Ji Chang did have superhuman talents and was beyond human reach.Therefore, the Tai Bo decided to take the initiative to hand over the inheritance rights to Ji Li, and asked his third younger brother to train his son Ji Chang well, so as to create a great cause for the Zhou family.When Gu Gong and Dan Fu wanted to abdicate and pass on the throne, both Tai Bo and Ji Li resolutely refused, and neither of them would accept the throne.

(End of this chapter)