Xuannv Heart Sutra 2

Chapter 73 Returning to Hangzhou, feeling timid near the hometown (5)

As for "inspection and arrest", it is the special feature of Jinyiwei that distinguishes it from other guards of other dynasties, and it is also the reason why it can be firmly remembered by people.In fact, Zhu Yuanzhang's original intention of establishing Jinyiwei was only to serve as a ceremonial guard, but later, because he massacred heroes, he felt that the traditional judicial institutions such as the Ministry of Punishment, Dali Temple, and Metropolitan Procuratorate were not easy to use, so he promoted the function of Jinyiwei to make it It became the emperor's personal police.The Jinyiwei agency responsible for criminal investigation is the North and South Town Fusi, of which the North Town Fusi was added in the 15th year of Hongwu, and it specializes in cases appointed by the emperor.In the first year of Chenghua, the seal of Beisi was added, and Bai Benwei was not required to be imprisoned in all prisons.Beisi has its own prison (imperial prison), and can arrest, torture, and execute on its own without going through the general judiciary.There are five guards under the Fusi of Nanbei Town. The commanders are called Qianhu, Baihu, General Banner, and Xiaoqi, and ordinary soldiers are called Xiaowei and Lishi.When the school captain and Lishi were carrying out the task of arresting robbers and traitors, they were called "Tiqi".The number of Tiqi is at least 1000, and at most it is as many as 60000.The Jinyiwei official school generally selects good people who are powerful and have no bad records from the people, and then they are promoted step by step based on their abilities and qualifications.At the same time, the official position of Jin Yiwei is also allowed to be hereditary.

The first two emperors of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Di, had high requirements for the maintenance of imperial power and the integrity of officials due to their special backgrounds that other dynasties did not have.This made Jin Yiwei's "inspection and arrest" function infinitely expanded.Generally speaking, the work of Jin Yiwei is limited to spying on all kinds of intelligence and handling cases entrusted by the emperor. It can be used as capital for your own promotion.For example, Ji Gang in the time of Chengzu, Lu Gao in the time of Yingzong, Qian Ning in the time of Wuzong, etc., when they were in power, they rode everywhere, from the prime minister to the common people, and they were all under their supervision. As long as the order is disobeyed even slightly, the family will be destroyed, and the whole country will be shrouded in an atmosphere of terror.The Fusi Prison in Beizhen was full of all kinds of innocent people, and countless honest people died under the torture of Jin Yiwei.What is even more frightening is that this terrifying atmosphere, unlike the short-term appearance during Tang Wu Zetian's period, was almost continuous in the Ming Dynasty. This kind of unrestrained indiscriminate arrest greatly affected the relationship between the emperor and the bureaucracy. , so that the officials, the people, the army and the emperor are separated from each other.

Another well-known function of Jin Yiwei is "holding the imperial staff".The court stick is a torture used by the emperor to teach disobedient scholar-bureaucrats. It began in the Ming Dynasty. "History of Ming Dynasty?"Criminal Law" called it: "Ming's own creation, not in harmony with the ancient system."It clearly revealed the brutal nature of the special autocracy that ran through the Ming Dynasty.Once any unlucky official offended the emperor and was declared to be crowned with the imperial staff, he was immediately stripped of his official uniform, his hands were tied behind his back, and he was escorted to the Meridian Gate, where the execution was performed.There, the eunuch in charge of the ceremonies and the commander of Jinyiwei were already on the left and right.The victim was wrapped in a big cloth, and with the word "beat", the sticks rained down on his thighs and body.The executioners were the school lieutenants of Jinyiwei, who had received strict training and skilled skills, and could accurately grasp the life and death of the prisoner according to the hints of the eunuchs and the commander of Jinyiwei.If the two people's feet are spread out like a figure eight, it means that the person under the stick can survive; on the contrary, if the toes are moved inward, the person under the stick will only have a dead end.After the stick is finished, the four corners of the cloth wrapped around the victim have to be lifted up, and then dropped heavily. At this time, even if the person in the cloth does not die, he has lost half his life.The punishment of the imperial staff was extremely harmful to the body and mind of the scholar-bureaucrats, but the emperor of the Ming Dynasty never tired of it, and Jin Yiwei also had a special liking for it.

Looking at the Jinyiwei in the Ming Dynasty, there were more upright commanders like Yuan Bin and Mou Bin, as well as lackeys and cruel officials like Ma Shun and Ji Gang.Not only did he perform outstanding intelligence warfare against the Wanli Sino-Japanese War, and he instigated rebellion against the Mongolian nobles, he also had the despicable act of attaching himself to Dongchang and killing loyal ministers arbitrarily.But in general, its function is mainly to monitor the emperor of the Ming Dynasty. The positive role is to punish the corruption of the scholar-official class and prevent possible rebellion, and at the same time undertake a considerable part of national defense and intelligence work.The emperor of the Ming Dynasty had such an efficient tool as Jinyiwei to supervise the scholar-bureaucrat class, and the criminal behavior of civil and military officials became more handy, which also made lawbreakers and civil official groups more fearful.In the Ming Dynasty, Jinyiwei was basically a political struggle tool of the two major groups of civil servants and eunuchs, and its main role always changed with the changes of national policies.Although there are certain positive effects, there are also considerable negative effects.

At the beginning of the establishment of Jinyiwei in the Ming Dynasty, it was a famous cruel government. "History of Ming Dynasty?"Criminal Law" clearly stated that it was close to the edict prison of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.The so-called imprison mainly refers to the cases where the senior officials of the Jiuqing and the county guards are guilty of crimes, and the emperor needs to issue an edict before they can be imprisoned.Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty fought against the Xiongnu for many years and dragged the country into a wartime system."Biography of Cool Officials" and other articles say that in the later years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, there were as many as 26 prisons, and more than a hundred people were imprisoned, including county guards and Jiuqing first-level officials, and more than [-] people were implicated.However, in the Han Dynasty, this kind of cruel government was still only a phenomenon of a relatively short period in the later years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.Knowing the nature of imperial prisons, it is easy to understand why Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang set up Jinyiwei. "History of Ming Dynasty?"Official Officials Five" said: "Jinyiwei is in charge of guards, arrests, and prisons. The thieves and traitors led by the governors of the Xunqi, the streets and the ditches, are secretly arrested and time-saving." Ming Taizu worried that after his death, the next generation of emperors He couldn't control the civil and military heroes, so he set up a big prison several times, under the guise of a few excuses, and killed all the heroes who assisted him in conquering the world.This kind of case has a reason and no evidence. If it is handed over to the court officials to handle it according to the law, it may take a long time, and the case may not even be settled.Therefore, these cases were handed over to Jin Yiwei as imperial prisons.

Looking at Jin Yiwei in this way, the nature is very clear. "Guards" are originally the emperor's personal soldiers; "prisons" can be broken by themselves; and "secret arrests" also show the nature of their secret service agencies.Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty still handled the cases by court officials, but it was just a policy error of harsh punishments; Ming Taizu's Jinyiwei aimed at eliminating meritorious officials, weaving charges and putting innocent people to death. "The seclusion is brutal, and the harm is not worse than this. During the time of Taizu, those who were arrested for serious crimes in the world were sent to Beijing. They were sent to prisons, and there were even larger prisons. They were punished more often, and many were killed." "History of the Ming Dynasty?"Criminal Law Annals" said: "The case of Hu Weiyong and Lan Yu (ministers) involved 26 (people)." It shows the degree of cruelty.The beginning of the figurines was the product of the emperor's concern for maintaining imperial power and eradicating corruption, so its sequelae were also particularly serious.Naturally, Ming Taizu himself knew that this kind of cruel government should not be normal. Therefore, after the Lanyu case, that is, in the 1393th year of Hongwu ([-]), after the heroes had almost been killed, he issued a "challenge for internal and external prisons." There is no such thing as Jin Yiwei, big and small Xianjing and Judiciary."However, it is difficult to eradicate the maladministration caused by the bad intentions at the beginning of the figurines. His son Zhu Di, the king of Yan, took advantage of the special opportunity that the capital's civil and military heroes had been killed and his vitality was severely damaged. Emperor Wen's throne was for Ming Chengzu, and he would inevitably kill the upright bureaucrats loyal to Jianwen Emperor, but this required a secret service agency. Therefore, in the hands of Ming Chengzu, Jin Yiwei was brilliant again.In the early Ming Dynasty, the Jinyiwei was reused in the two dynasties, and then in the Ming Dynasty, this disadvantage will be difficult to get rid of.

The inventor of Dongchang was Ming Chengzu Zhu Di.After launching the "Battle of Jingnan" to seize the throne of his nephew, Zhu Di's spirit has been in high tension. On the one hand, rumors that Emperor Jianwen is not dead appear from time to time; Not very supportive.In order to consolidate the regime, Zhu Di urgently needed a powerful autocratic institution, but he felt that the Jinyiwei located outside the palace was not very convenient to use, so he decided to establish a new institution.During Zhu Di's campaign, some eunuchs and monks worked hard (such as the famous Zheng He and Dao Yan), so in his mind, eunuchs are more reliable, and they are in the palace, so it is more convenient to contact them. .

In this way, after Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty moved his capital to BJ, he established a detective agency headed by eunuchs. Because its address was located on the north side of Donganmen (now Dongchang Hutong in the north of Wangfujing Street), it was named Dongchang.The function of the East Factory is to "interview and conspire against demons and evil, etc., and to balance power with Jinyiwei". At first, the East Factory was only responsible for detecting and arresting people, and had no right to interrogate prisoners. The captured suspects were handed over to Jinyiwei North Town But now, Dongchang also has its own prison.The leader of the East Factory is called the East Factory Palm Printing Eunuch, also known as the factory owner and factory supervisor.In addition, there are one thousand households and one hundred households in the East Factory. There are several foremen, foremen, and secretary houses. , Fan service is what we commonly call Fan Zi.

Dongchang has a very wide range of investigations. The imperial court will try major cases, Jinyiwei North Town Fusi tortures repeat offenders, and Dongchang will send people to hear the trial; each yamen of the imperial court has Dongchang personnel on duty to monitor every move of officials; some important yamen Dongchang will send people to check the documents, such as the various border newspapers and pond newspapers of the Ministry of War; even the daily life of ordinary people, the prices of firewood, rice, oil and salt, are also within the scope of Dongchang's reconnaissance.The information obtained by Dongchang can be reported directly to the emperor, which is much more convenient than Jin Yiwei who has to report in the form of memorials.The layout of the Dongchang Mansion is quite funny. The small hall next to the hall is dedicated to the statue of Yue Fei, and the screen wall on the right of the hall is engraved with the story of the pancreas case.The memorial tablets of previous Dongchang owners are enshrined in the ancestral hall on the west side of the hall.

It's a pity that the actions of the Dongchang staff are far from those of their idols. The Dongchang fans are active in the streets and alleys of the capital every day, not entirely for the court, but more for their own personal gain.They often fabricate crimes and falsely accuse good people, and then beat them into tricks and take the opportunity to extort money.In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the scope of Dongchang's arrests even expanded to the whole country. Even in the remote areas of Yuanzhou, there appeared "people in fresh clothes and angry horses speaking of the capital", which made everyone in the whole country feel in danger, and the people were in dire straits.In terms of relationship with Jinyiwei, Dongchang came from behind.Since the owner of Dongchang had a close relationship with the emperor and was in the palace, it was easier to gain the emperor's trust.The relationship between Dongchang and Jinyiwei has gradually changed from equal to superior-subordinate relationship. In the era when eunuchs were in power, the commander of Jinyiwei would even kneel and kowtow when seeing the owner of Dongchang.

Now that the Four Ghosts of Laoshan have colluded with Jin Yiwei, this matter is really difficult to deal with. They can't all be wiped out in the future, can they?It is estimated that if this is really the case, Nuwa's descendants will directly exile herself on the charge of destroying the secular world. It seems that this matter really needs to be solved by Wu Mengde. Anyway, Dongchang is now dead. Pressing down on Jinyiwei, I believe that the people of Jinyiwei will shrink back when they see people from Dongchang intervene. Unexpectedly, Dadu and his party are really rewarding!Thinking of the token in his arms, Li Yulong's face burst into a smile, Dongchang is worth it!Jin Yiwei is worth mentioning!As long as you don't provoke him, everyone will live in peace, and no one will offend anyone. If you really get angry, he won't care so much.

If you don't change the rules of the historical development of the secular world, you can't break it if you do it yourself!I didn't do it myself, I believe that even if the descendants of Nuwa knew about it, they couldn't accuse themselves of "unnecessary" crimes!Li Yulong wanted to kill the four Laoshan ghosts with his own hands to avenge his second brother, but if he did it, it would very likely cause the long-standing conflict between Dongchang and Jinyiwei to erupt, and it might really change the development of history up.

After reaching the realm of Dao of Nature, there are too many restrictions, which always makes Li Yulong feel like he is restrained. In the secular world, now he can only use it as a bargaining chip to threaten others. Doing it, just thinking about it makes me feel extremely depressed. I originally wanted to trouble those righteous people who chased him before, but now it seems that I can only think about it in my heart, and there is no way out.

(End of this chapter)