Gan Family Instructions

Chapter 18 Phonology
The people of Kyushu speak differently, and the living people have come, which is certainly the case.From the biography of Qi Yan in "Spring and Autumn", and the classics of "Chu Ci" in "Li Sao", this covers the beginning of the Ming Dynasty.Later, Yang Xiong wrote "Dialect", which is very well prepared.

However, they all examine the similarities and differences of names and objects, without revealing the right and wrong of the sound reading.When Zheng Xuan annotated "Six Classics", Gao You explained "Lu Lan" and "Huainan", Xu Shen created "Shuowen", and Liu Xi compiled "Shiming", it was only then that there were similes to prove the sound of characters.However, the ancient sayings are very different from the modern ones, and the degree of clearness and turbidity is still unclear; adding internal and external words, rushing to speak slowly, reading like words, makes people suspicious.Sun Shuyan created "Erya Yinyi", which is the only irony known to people in the late Han Dynasty.As for Wei Shi, it's a big deal.

Gaogui Xianggong didn't understand the irony and thought it was weird.Since then, the phonology and rhyme have come out sharply, each with its own local style, and each other is not a smile, referring to the order of the horse, it is unknown which one is right.A total of the emperor's capital, the school's local customs, the assessment of the past and the present, and a compromise.Discuss and measure, only Jinling and Luoxiaer.The water and soil in the south are soft and soft, the sound is clear and sharp, but it is superficial, and the words are often vulgar.

The mountains and rivers in the north are deep, and its sound is dull and blunt, but its quality is straight, and its words are mostly ancient.However, the crowned gentleman is superior in the south; the villain in Luli is better in the north.If you talk with them easily, you can argue with the words of the scholars in the south; if you listen to their words through a wall, the government and the opposition in the north are hard to distinguish all day long.However, Wu and Yue in the south and barbarians in the north have deep disadvantages, which cannot be discussed.If the fallacy is slight, the southerners regard money as salivation, stones as shooting, cheapness as envy, and others as licking; .In such a case, there are many mistakes.When Ye came, I saw Cui Ziyue, Cui Zhan's uncle and nephew, Li Zuren and Li Wei's brothers, who were quite talkative and seldom correct.Li Jiji's "Sound and Rhyme Judgment" is sometimes missed; Yang Xiu's "Qie Yun" is very sparse.Although my sons and daughters are young, they will gradually supervise and correct them; if they make a false statement, they will think that they have committed a crime.The cloud is a product, and the reporter who has not tested the book does not dare to name it, as Ru Cao knows.

The ancient and modern languages ​​have different customs, and the writers are different from Chu and Xia. In "Cang Jie Xun Gu", anti-barnyards are for sale, and anti-children are for good; in "Warring States Policy", the sound is to avoid cutting, and in "Mu Tianzi Biography", the sound is to remonstrate; The sound of "Zi Lin" is regarded as mouth-sweet, and the sound is extended as Xin; "Yun Ji" synthesizes two rhymes: Cheng, Still, Hong and Deng, which are divided into four chapters: Wei, Qi, Yi and Shi; Li Deng's "Sheng Lei" " is based on Yinyi, and the reading of Liu Changzong's "Zhou Guanyin" is like Cheng: this example is very extensive, and it must be tested.The irony in the previous life is too much to be cut, and Xu Xianmin's "Mao Shiyin" suddenly turns out to be in the head, and "Zuo Chuanyin" cuts rafters as a predestined relationship, which cannot be trusted, and it is also popular among the public.Today's scholars are not correct in their speech; who is the only one in the past, should follow his falsehood? "Tonggu Wen" said: "Go into the room and ask for a search." Instead, he is a brother.However, the elder brother should be honored by the voice.This sound is commonly used in northern folk today, and it is also unusable in ancient Chinese.Yu Fan, a native of Lu, Baoyu, is a vassal of Yin and Ping in the south of the Yangtze River.Qishan is a strange sound, and everyone in the south of the Yangtze River calls it a god.Jiangling fell, and this sound was captured in Guanzhong. I don't know where the two took the case.With my shallow learning, I have never heard of it before.

The voices of the northerners mostly use Ju and Ju as the rule; but Li Jiji said: "Qi Huan Gong and Guan Zhong plotted to attack Ju on the stage. Dong Guoya saw that Huan Gong opened his mouth but did not shut it, so he knew what he was talking about. Ju also. But Ju , The moment must be called differently." This is a bosom friend.

Objects have their own essence and roughness, which are called likes and dislikes; the human mind has something to grasp, and what to grasp is called likes and dislikes.This sound can be found in Ge Hong and Xu Miao.However, Hebei scholars read "Shangshu" and said that they like to live and hate to kill.It's about objects and human feelings, which doesn't make sense.

Fu Zhe, a good name for a man, is often borrowed as the character "father" in ancient books; so no one in the north calls it Fu Zhe, and it is also unexplainable.Only the titles of Guan Zhong and Fan Zeng must be read by ear.Case: All the characters in the book, Yan Zhe's bird name, or cloud words, all have the pronunciation of Jianfan.From Ge Hong's "Yaoyong Ziyuan", the pronunciation training of Yan characters is divided: if you teach He Xun'an, the sound should be in the wrong, "Yu Yan Xiaoyao", "Yu Yan Jiake", "Yu Yong Ning", "Yu Deren" and so on. That's right; if you send sentences and auxiliary words, the pronunciation should be reversed. Jin, Zheng Yanyi" and the like.It is obvious and easy to understand that Jiangnan has made this distinction so far; while Hebei has mixed the same pronunciation, although it is read according to the ancients, it is not feasible today.

The evil one is an undecided word. "Zuo Zhuan" said: "I don't know how heaven abandoned Lu evil? Is Lu Jun guilty of ghosts and gods?" "Zhuangzi" said: "Heaven is evil and earth is evil?" It is also.And the northerners even called it that, and it was a mistake.The difficult person said: ""Xici" says: 'Qiankun, the door of Yi is evil?' Is this an undecided speech?" The answer: "Why not! First mark the question, and the lower part is to break the ear. "

Jiangnan scholars read "Zuo Zhuan" and passed it on orally.There is no supplement to defeat in the various records and biographies. Xu Xianmin read "Zuo Zhuan", the only place where there is this sound, and he does not say the difference between self-defeation and defeat. This is persuasive.

The ancients said: "Gao Liang is difficult to adjust." It is considered arrogant and self-sufficient, and cannot be restrained.I have seen that princes and relatives speak a lot of wrong words, and they are also affected by the lowly protection of the inside, and there are no good teachers and friends outside.There was a Marquis in Liang Shi who tried to tease the Emperor Yuan, and since Chen was "dumb", he became "Dian Duan". ", Emperor Yuan Qibao Jianwen, Jian Wenyun: "Gengchen Wu entered, and then became Sili."Emperor Yuan taught all his sons to read it by hand, as a commandment.

The character for Qiegong in Hebei is ancient cong, which is different from the three characters of Gong, Gong and Gong, and is very rare.There are people in the world who are named Siam, who call themselves Xian; who are named Kun, who call themselves Dagon;Not only the phonology is wrong, but also makes the children and grandchildren avoid taboos.

(End of this chapter)