The true biography of Yaqiao, the first chivalrous king of the Republic of China

Chapter 35 "The Controversy Between Ning and Guangdong"

Hu Hanmin, styled Zhantang.A native of Panyu, Guangdong. In 1901, Zhongju. In 1902, married Chen Shuzi, a daughter of a famous family in Guangzhou, and lived in No. 1 Xinguili, Taihuafang, Dexuan East Road (now Dongfeng East Road).Chen Shuzi's elder brother, Chen Rong, is also a gifted scholar, famous for his calligraphy and poetry.After that, Hu Hanmin went to Japan twice to study abroad, and entered the normal course of Hongwen College and the fast-track law and politics course of Hosei University. In September 1905, he joined the Tongmenghui, was elected as a councilor, and was designated by Sun Yat-sen as the secretary of the headquarters, becoming one of Sun Yat-sen's main assistants; during his tenure as the editor-in-chief of "Min Bao", he gave himself a pen name "Han Min", which means He "swears to be the people of the Han Dynasty, not the obedient people of the Qing Dynasty", and launched a fierce debate with the Kang and Liang royalists; he participated in the Huanggang Uprising and the Zhennanguan Uprising.

In November 1911, Guangdong became independent, and he was elected as the governor; in December, he went to Nanjing with Sun Yat-sen and became the Secretary-General of the Provisional Presidential Palace of the Republic of China. In April 11, with the support of Sun Yat-sen, he served as the governor of Guangdong again. In June 12, Yuan Shikai dismissed him from the position of governor; after the failure of the "Second Revolution", he followed Sun Yat-sen into exile in Japan and continued to fight against Yuan. In May 1912, he joined the Chinese Revolutionary Party, served as political minister, and edited the "Republic of China" magazine. In June 4, he was ordered to contact the Southwest Power Faction to prepare for the launch of the Dharma Protection Movement. In 1913, he served as the General Councilor of the Nationalist Government, Chief of Civil Affairs, and Minister of Political Affairs.Hu Hanmin has three children.The eldest daughter Hu Mulan, son Hu Hongda (son of elder brother Hu Qingrui, adoptive as his heir) and adopted daughter Hu Qixia.Among them, Hu Mulan joined the anti-Qing revolution when she was young. She was the captain of the Northern Expedition Women's Team and studied in the Soviet Union. During the Republic of China, she was among the "Top Ten Standard Women".

On August 1925, 8, Liao Zhongkai, Minister of Finance of the Nationalist Government, was assassinated and killed.Since the suspect Hu Yisheng was Hu Hanmin's cousin and the two had a close relationship, Hu Hanmin became the object of suspicion and his family was investigated.Hu Hanmin felt that he "had no place to settle down", so he came to Chiang Kai-shek's house, and then transferred to the Whampoa Military Academy, where he was guarded.Chiang Kai-shek said: "Everyone thinks that you are related to this case. But brother, you should also understand our difficulties. We can't prove that you are not involved, so we have to wrong you." On September 20, Hu Hanmin boarded from Huangpu Port. On board the ocean liner "Mongolia" and "as an envoy to the Soviet Union", he was actually exiled abroad.Standing at the bow of the ship, facing the sea breeze, Hu Hanmin was filled with emotion, and murmured:
Childish children take their coats and go on a long voyage,
It is autumn light to see off the rascals;
It is still good to see the mountains covered by clouds,
When the moon comes, the night gets cooler.

Qu Yuan was not haggard when he went to the country,
Poison uncle is too ridiculous;
I know the precepts of the three places on the Buddha,
Don't care about your hometown and love your hometown.

In January 1926, the "Second National Congress" of the Kuomintang was held in Guangzhou.In the political report, Wang Jingwei made a special explanation on the relationship between Hu Hanmin and the Liao case: "When Hu Yisheng was arrested by the party army, he lied to the soldiers that Yisheng was at Comrade Hu Hanmin's home. The soldiers were deceived and immediately went to Comrade Hu Hanmin Comrade Hu Hanmin was almost exhausted in the house, but Hu Yisheng took the opportunity to escape. Comrade Hu Hanmin knew that there were some unexpected changes, and he was very sad, because Lin Zhimian and Hu Yisheng had always listened to him, but now this happened. As for All kinds of rumors about Comrade Hu Hanmin from the outside world have now been proven to be false." In the absence of Hu Hanmin, after election, he was elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the Central Executive Committee and appointed Minister of Workers of the Central Party Department. On April 1, Hu Hanmin returned to Guangzhou and received a warm welcome.

Hu Hanmin was talented and had a firm revolutionary will, which won the trust of Sun Yat-sen.Sun Yat-sen publicly commented: "Mr. Hu Hanmin is a man, and his brother knows the deepest. He has been accomplices in the revolutionary cause for seven or eight years, and his knowledge and morals are deeply believed. Not only Guangdong, but also other provinces are rare. It is also rare to trace his life. Great strength and great talent, not only can win the post of governor, but also more than enough to take the throne as president."

In 1928, the Kuomintang unified the country and entered the period of political training.The national government implemented the "five-house system" of administration, legislation, justice, examination, and supervision, and Hu Hanmin served as the first president of the Legislative Yuan.The duties of the Legislative Yuan are mainly responsible for resolutions on laws, budgets, amnesties, declarations of war, peace talks and other major international matters.The Legislative Yuan is directly responsible to the KMT Central Executive Committee.Chiang Kai-shek advocated that the National Assembly formulate laws and carry out "political reform", while Hu Hanmin expressed his opposition in public on the basis of Sun Yat-sen's "legacy" many times: "All laws and bills are not yet complete", and "military power is above all else" Under such circumstances, "the covenant is something that cannot be used for clothing in the cold, food in the hungry, and it cannot be done if it exists, or it will be in vain if it is done, and it will only be harmful to the people."And criticize and contain Chiang Kai-shek on many issues.Therefore, Hu Hanmin and Chiang Kai-shek sang against each other, and the dispute over party rule and rule of law intensified.

No one expected that such a respected and upright old revolutionary would be put under house arrest by Chiang Kai-shek.

Beginning in February 1931, Chiang Kai-shek's dissatisfaction with Hu Hanmin grew day by day. On February 2, he said in his diary: "When you see someone, you are stimulated. You can't work with a villain. I almost cried when I commemorated the week, but I couldn't bear it. Who knows that I am suffering so much!" The next day , And wrote: "Hu Zhuan wants people to make their own opinions for his puppets, use emotions, reverse right and wrong, deceive the people, plot wrongdoings, endanger the party and state, opportunistic, destroy integrity, especially honest villains. I am violent and gnash my teeth Hu Mou, I have almost forgotten my body, so there is no way to avoid it!" On the 2th, he was even more furious: "Today's Hu Hanmin is the old Baoerting (Bo Luoting). I have encountered these two traitors before and after, and my life is unlucky Endless."

On the 26th, Chiang Kai-shek solemnly sent an invitation to Hu Hanmin, inviting him to have dinner at the General Headquarters of the National Revolutionary Army in Sanyuan Lane two days later. Behind the invitation, there was also a menu specially attached. Roast suckling pig, Baiyun trotter, dragon and tiger fight, etc., are extraordinarily rich.

On the night of the 28th, Hu Hanmin held a meeting all day, feeling dizzy, holding a glass of wine to settle his suspicions, and took a special car to the headquarters. The guards were refused to enter, and Chiang Kai-shek's confidential secretary invited him into a room. box.When Hu Hanmin entered the room, he saw a large dining table in the center, with various dishes already set up, and a large plate of "Dragon and Tiger Fighting" was very fragrant.However, when the well-informed Hu Hanmin saw this famous dish, an ominous omen suddenly appeared in his heart: the tiger (that is, the cat) opened its mouth wide and bit the dragon's head (that is, the snake's head) tightly.On the table lay an autographed letter from Chiang Kai-shek to Hu Hanmin...

What happened next fully proved his sixth sense.In "The Story of Tangshan's Imprisonment", Hu Hanmin recalled:
At about 12 o'clock, Jieshi came, followed by more than a dozen guards. As soon as he entered, the guards all stood outside the door, and Wang Shihe followed in with guns.Jieshi sat across from me, Wang Shihe was not polite, and actually sat on a chair next to me and Jieshi with his gun pressed.Gao Lingbai and Wu Siyu sometimes sat for a while, sometimes went for a walk, but I ignored him.

"Have you been sick recently?" I asked Jieshi.

Jieshi said, "I'm not sick."

"That's good. I thought you were crazy." I smiled and said, "I've read the letter you wrote to me, but what did you base it on? You should tell me clearly." Jie Shi keep silent.

"Who are Chen and Wen? Why should I shield them? I don't know Wen Jiangang. In 16 years of the Republic of China, you asked him to be the chief of the Nanjing Public Security Bureau, and you detained him. I haven't seen him since then. How can I shield them? One day, Lifu Tell me, Jiangang is very pitiful, there is no one else, so it is better to help him. When it comes to protecting Wen Jiangang, it is better to ask Lifu, and who are Chen and Wen, who have no right and no courage, even if they protect him Is it a crime?"

"Mr. Hu doesn't know, Wen Jiangang is going to beat me to death. I was almost assassinated in Shanghai, and it was Wen Jiangang who disturbed me." Jieshi thought for a while, and replied falteringly.

"Does Lifu know?" I asked.

"How did Lifu know?" Jieshi replied.

"Then you are confused. Why didn't you tell Lifu? Let Lifu help him." I said.Jieshi remained silent again.

After a while, he said, "Mr. Hu, you object to my agreement."

If I don't listen to this sentence, it's enough. Once I hear it, I'm really angry.I asked sternly: "Do you have a covenant? Do you have your covenant? Have you objected to your covenant? It is one thing to hold a national assembly, but another thing to make a covenant. Is it wrong to hold a National Assembly in accordance with the Prime Minister’s teachings and to hold a National Assembly? Does it count as a National Assembly advocated by the Prime Minister if it is not held in accordance with the Prime Minister’s teachings? Whoever said that I am not in line with the Prime Minister’s speech? Legacy? I said that the Prime Minister advocated the convening of a national assembly, but I did not say that the national assembly should compile the contract law. I am not personally opposed to the contract law. Zhihui, Ji Tao, Liangchou and you agree. The national assembly does not discuss the contract law, but the central government Even though I initiated the resolution of the party department, I also echoed it. Once it has become a party resolution, it is not my personal opinion. Let me take a step back and say, did you agree not to make a contract four days ago? Changed mind, is it right today and wrong yesterday, or is it right yesterday and wrong today?"

Then I said: "Man's history is created by oneself and destroyed by oneself; if one does not destroy oneself, no one can replace the destruction. If one destroys one's own, no one can repair it for you. This is a motto I created. This motto can It can be used for you, it can be used for me, and it can even be used for everyone in the world. When Zuan was here last year, I already said I would quit, and from today onwards, I don’t have to ask anything.” Jieshi said Said: "It's very good that Mr. Hu can resign. But I have to ask questions. Apart from the Prime Minister, I respect Mr. Hu the most. In the future, I still have to ask Mr. Hu for advice. Mr. Hu is very angry tonight, and I have I can't speak, and I can't argue with Mr. Hu, but I, Jiang Zhongzheng, will never wrong Mr. Hu. If Mr. Hu is wronged, my surname Jiang Zhongzheng is not Jiang." As he said, he patted his chest.Jieshi has always been good at swearing, I just smiled and said nothing.

After Jieshi left, I didn't sleep that night. The next morning, I wrote a letter of resignation. The content was very simple. It only said that due to my weak health, I would resign from all party and government positions.

At 29 o'clock in the morning on the 9th, Wu Siyu, Shao Yuanchong and more than ten soldiers and police sent me to Tangshan...

Chiang Kai-shek's absurd actions were criticized by various anti-Chiang forces without any suspense.

On March 3th, Wang Jingwei issued the "Important Declaration for the Imprisonment of Hu Hanmin" in Hong Kong, accusing Chiang Kai-shek: "While serving wine to treat guests, while drawing guns to arrest people, the act of kidnapping by robbers as the chairman of the National Government is far worse than that of Qingshuang. The dog official in the sword is more than worse." Later, he published a series of texts and telegrams, calling on the anti-Chiang factions to unite with the words "subvert individual dictatorship, establish democratic politics" and "restore democratic centralization".

On April 4, Gu Yingfen, Lin Sen and other four Kuomintang Central Supervisory Committee members jointly issued the "Proposal to Impeach Chiang Kai-shek" and sent a telegram, demanding that Chiang be removed from office and investigated.

On May 5, dozens of people including Chen Jitang, Li Zongren, and Bai Chongxi issued a telegram to support the impeachment case of the "Four Supervisory Committees" and demanded the immediate release of Hu Hanmin and Chiang Kai-shek's resignation.

On May 5, Sun Ke, Tang Shaoyi, Xu Chongzhi, Chen Youren and others secretly left Shanghai, and discussed with Wang Jingwei, Bai Chongxi and others in Hong Kong about the establishment of the Southwest Anti-Chiang Front.He said: "Jiang is not an ordinary rat, but a plague rat, which spreads very quickly. If we can't bear the pain and cull him, the whole country will die!" Wang Jingwei expressed his determination to reconcile with Hu Hanmin and help each other in the same boat: " In the past, I was fooled by Chiang Kai-shek for my discord with Mr. Hu. The reason why Chiang can be domineering and domineering is because we cannot unite. This time against Chiang, we must cooperate to the end. Even if we fail and jump into the sea, Let's all dance together."

On May 5, Chen Jitang, Li Zongren and others from Guangdong and Guangxi, following the example of Sun Yat-sen, held an extraordinary congress in Guangzhou and established the "Extraordinary Meeting of the Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang". All members of the first, second, and third Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang who supported anti-Chiang (except Communist Party members) naturally became members of the extraordinary meeting. On May 27, the Guangzhou National Government was established, with Wang Jingwei as the chairman, fighting against Jiang Ji's Nanjing National Government. The "Declaration" pointed out: "Jiang Zhongzheng practiced personal dictatorship in the name of political training. If it is implemented in the party, democratic centralism will be destroyed; if it is implemented in politics, the democratic forces will be destroyed." It also requires Chiang Kai-shek to step down within 5 hours.Subsequently, the Extraordinary Conference Military Committee was established in Guangzhou.At the same time, the first group army was formed with Chen Jitang as the commander-in-chief and Miao Peinan as the chief of staff; the second group army with Li Zongren as the commander-in-chief and Bai Chongxi as the commander-in-chief of the former enemy.

Chiang Kai-shek shot himself in the foot.An inadvertent mistake caused the Kuomintang ruling group to once again face off against the two Party Central Committees, the two National Governments, and the two Military Commissions in Ning (Nanjing) and Guangdong (Guangdong).

(End of this chapter)