The most interesting folklore

Chapter 34 The Most Interesting Folk Appellation (4)
In ancient my country, a place in the Qinling Mountains was named "Guazhou".According to "Zuo Zhuan", Fan Xuanzi once said to the king of the state of Jin: "Jiang Rong, it was Zu Wuli who was chased by the Qin people in the past." It means that Wuli, the ancestor of Jiang Rong's family, was driven to Guazhou by the Qin army .Later, people called these Jiang surnames living in Guazhou the "Guazi Clan".The people of the Guazi tribe are honest and hardworking. When hired, they work non-stop all day long and never slack off.Some people mistake their honesty and hard work as "stupid", and because they are "melon seeds", they call them "fools".The "Notes of Renshutang" in the Qing Dynasty also recorded that "people in Ganzhou call unwise people 'guazi'." Now, people in Gansu and Sichuan still call unintelligent people "guazi" and "guawazi".

42. Why are the thieves and models called "three hands"

"Three hands", as everyone knows, is synonymous with petty theft.This name also has a history.During the reign of Emperor Tianwang in the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a well-known thief on the underworld in Bianliang, Tokyo.According to the rules of the rivers and lakes, it is not allowed to inquire about the real name, and it is not allowed to ask the truth. His real name and surname are still a mystery to this day.The thieves at that time all used a copper coin, which was ground extremely sharply, to cut people's pockets, commonly known as "running money".This man is unique, without any tools, as long as he passes by, he can be easily captured.Once he performed skills for his colleagues, raised his hands high, and under the watchful eyes of everyone, he took out the money from others as soon as he touched him, as if he still had a hand growing on his body.Everyone admired him and gave him the nickname "Three Hands".To this day, people still refer to petty theft as the "three hands".

43. Why do you call the wandering children who are not doing business properly "prodigal sons"

The term "prodigal son" comes from "Song History Biography of Li Bangyan".The story says that Li Bangyan, a minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, was talented, forthright, unrestrained, unrestrained, and talented. He wrote articles with quick thinking and exquisite writing style.However, he grew up among the people, he is familiar with vulgar and vulgar things, he also has a way of dealing with people, he is good at coping, and he responds quickly.He is good at singing songs for entertainment, and can play football. He often composes lyrics and melodies from common sayings circulating in the streets and alleys, and people compete to sing them. He named himself "Li Langzi".

When Li Bangyan was prime minister, he didn't make any achievements, he just flattered, flattered and flattered, and occupied an official position. People in the capital called him "the prime minister of the prodigal son".

The "prodigal son" comes from this story.Later, people used "prodigal son" to refer to wandering children who did not do their jobs properly.

44. Why is it called "Denglongmen" in the quiz

According to legend, there is a Longmen Mountain at the junction of Shanxi and Shaanxi. There is a huge pass on the mountain, which is a channel dug by Dayu when he was controlling the water. The water of the Yellow River flows eastward through this place.

The river bed of Longmen is very high, the current is fast and the waves are big, and it is very difficult for the downstream fish to pass through here and go upstream.Every late spring, the yellow carp in the river and the sea gather under the Longmen Pass, scrambling to swim across the Longmen Pass. If they pass through the Longmen Pass, clouds and rain will follow, and the fire from the sky will burn the tails of the fish, and the fish will die. Turn into a dragon and fly to the heavenly palace.However, in a year, no more than 72 fish can swim past.

After climbing the dragon gate, even the little yellow carp can become a dragon and increase their social status.In the era of imperial examinations in China, people compared passing the exam to climbing the Dragon Gate.Now, it is also used as a metaphor for being recommended and promoted by a famous person to improve your reputation.

45 Where did the term "green hat" come from?
After the establishment of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the color of clothing was formally used as a means to distinguish between noble and humble.During the Zhenguan period of Emperor Taizong, the emperors wore yellow dragon robes. In the hundred palaces, those of the third rank and above wore purple, four and five crystals wore scarlet (dark red), sixth and seventh ranks wore green, and eight and nine crystals wore green.Later dynasties generally followed this method.It can be seen that green and cyan rank last, which is a representative of lowliness in officialdom.

At that time, Bai Juyi was relegated to Sima of Jiangzhou County, and he was listed as a ninth-rank official, so the poem "Pipa Xing" was called "Qingshan" instead.His poem "Yi Wei Zhi" says: "Bending the waist and all the old green shirts", describing the bumpy official career, the old man still slumps in the ranks of the humble green shirts.In the folk, these two colors also symbolize humble industries.For example, in the Yuan and Ming dynasties, musicians and prostitutes must wear green clothes, green clothes, and green headscarves, and the "Yuan Decree" even stipulates that the parents and relatives of prostitutes must wear green headscarves.As a result, "green turban" was associated with the male relatives of prostitutes, and later expanded to refer to men whose wives committed infidelity.Because the two colors of blue and green are relatively close and both belong to cheap colors, and now people don't wear headscarves but wear hats, so it gradually evolved into "green hat".

The origin of the green hat probably began in the Yuan Dynasty.At that time, there were no prostitutes in Mongolia. When the army moved south into the Central Plains, they couldn't get used to the brothels opened by the Central Plains people, who were known as the state of etiquette.Therefore, the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty stipulated that prostitutes should wear purple shirts, and men working in brothels should wear green headscarves to show their differences from normal people.Continuing to this day, a hat that Chinese men are most afraid of was born: the green hat.

46. ​​How did the title "scapegoat" come about?

This statement comes from "Mencius" in ancient my country. "Mencius·Liang Huiwang [-]" contains: "The king is sitting in the hall, and there is a man who leads the ox and passes the hall. When the king saw it, he said: 'What is the cow? , the ceremony of slaughtering livestock, taking blood and painting the bell). The king said: "Give it up! I can't bear the thorns. If you are innocent, you will die." Confrontation: "How about abolishing the bell?" Said: "How can it be Abolish it, change it with sheep."'

King Xuan of Qi couldn't bear to see the ox fearing the war millet, so he ordered sheep to replace the ox to worship the bell.This is where the term "scapegoat" comes in.

47. Does "tumbler" refer to toys?
The title "tumbler" originated from the Spring and Autumn Period.In the Spring and Autumn Period, Bian He of Chu State got a piece of uncut jade in Jingshan.This object looks like an ordinary stone on the outside, but inside it is a rare piece of beautiful jade.

Bian He presented this treasure twice to the two kings of Chu, but the king of Chu always regarded it as a stubborn stone, and chopped off Bian He's left and right feet successively for the crime of deceiving the king.

After King Wen of Chu came to the throne, Bian He hugged the uncut jade and wept bitterly under Jingshan Mountain.When King Wen learned of this, he ordered the jade worker to cut open the stone, and he got a good piece of jade.King Wen ordered this to be made into jade, and the order was "Heshibi".Bian He's spirit of upholding the truth moved King Wen of Chu greatly.He praised Bian He and said: "This man is really an unstoppable man!"

In this way, the appellation "tumbler" that has been handed down to later generations appeared.

48. Why do people call the annals of history "history"

"History" means history, but "Khan" has no other explanation, it just means sweating; "Qing" does not have too many meanings, and it mostly means blue, black or green. For example, blue sky means blue sky, blue Cloth refers to black cloth, and green hills are green hills.

Why is the annals associated with sweating and blue?
This goes back to before the invention of paper.At that time, the ancients used "bamboo slips" to record things, that is, to use good bamboo slices to record and engrave events and articles. These pieces of bamboo are called "bamboo slips".The production of bamboo slips is not easy. First, select the best green bamboo (the "green bamboo" refers to the green bamboo), and call it "green"; On the one hand, it is for the convenience of writing, and on the other hand, it is also dry and insect-proof.When baking, the originally fresh and moist bamboo slices are roasted until water drops appear, like sweating.This process of roasting green bamboo is called "history". The original meaning of "history" is the sweating process of green bamboo, which has gradually become synonymous with bamboo slips.

Judging from the unearthed ancient bamboo slips, the long bamboo slips are often used to write Confucian classics, and the short bamboo slips are often used to record the deeds and historical biography of the philosophers.Therefore, "history" was called bamboo slips and then evolved, and people further referred to it as "historical records" recorded in bamboo slips.

49. Is the original meaning of the word "job-hopping" a brothel term?

The term "job hopping" we often say was originally a brothel term!After a prostitute and a client linger for a while, she finds a richer owner, so she abandons her old love and finds a new love, just like a horse changing from one trough to another trough to graze. It is vividly called "job hopping".Later, the term was also applied to clients.When a client gets tired of a prostitute and finds another, this behavior can also be called "job hopping".As proof of this, there is a song called "Jumping Job" in the folk song collection "Guizhier" compiled by Feng Menglong in the Ming Dynasty. Love is deep, I will make a wish, and I will never change jobs again." The prostitute and the client exchanged heartfelt words,

The final agreement reached was "no more job-hopping".

With the passage of time, people have forgotten the original usage of the word, but based on this vivid and popular metaphor, it is regarded as a common language for changing jobs.

50. How did "Brother Kong Fang" come about?
Lu Bao of the Jin Dynasty was the first to call Qian "Brother Kong Fang".During the reign of Emperor Hui Yuankang (291-299), Gangji was greatly corrupted, and the world was in decline.Emperor Hui was stupid and ignorant. Wang Rong, one of the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest", has accumulated money that cannot be counted. He often holds a calculator and counts day and night, but he still feels that it is not enough.Guo Shi, the wife of his younger brother Wang Yan, was also an insatiable spender. She once used money to surround the bed.The son-in-law Wang Ji used copper coins as the courtyard wall to form a horse-racing and archery field, which was called "golden scorpion" by people at that time.

Lu Bao was a famous scholar in the Jin Dynasty. He hated the dignitaries of the court at that time to plunder people's wealth and take away their wealth, so he wrote the article "Qian Shen Lun" to ridicule and ridicule them.He said that "danger can make you safe, death can make you live, honor can make you cheap, life can make you kill", etc., which profoundly exposed the ugly phenomenon of "money has no ears, but can make ghosts".He also joked that he was "as close as a brother to money, and the word is Kong Fang. If you lose it, you will be poor and weak, and if you get it, you will be prosperous."

In the Jin Dynasty, when mysterious talk was prevalent and demeanor was prevalent, "Kong Fang", "Brother Fang" or "Brother Kong Fang" quickly became popular as synonymous names for money, because people felt that using "Brother Kong Fang" to refer to coins was not only in line with its own It completely eliminates the vulgarity when talking about "money", making people feel that the speaker is knowledgeable and refined.Today, although copper coins have become ancient relics, some people still use "Brother Kong Fang" to call money.

52. How did "Yuanbao", "Tongbao" and "Yuan" come about
"Yuanbao" and "Tongbao" are both ancient names for coins.Interesting to say, these two names actually came into being together. "Old Tang Book" records that at that time, the imperial court abolished the five baht coins and issued Kaiyuan Tongbao coins, which changed the old system of using weight as the name of money. "Kaiyuan" means "the beginning of a new era", and "Tongbao" means "traveling treasures in the country".Kaiyuan Tongbao coins are also in the form of an outer circle and an inner square commonly used in ancient coins. The four spaces of Kaiyuan Tongbao are arranged on the four sides of the square hole.So "Kaiyuan Tongbao" has two different reading methods.If you read it in the order of up, down, right, and left; it will be read as "Kaiyuan Tongbao". This reading method is called direct reading. Most of the records in history books follow this reading?Law.If you read it clockwise, that is, the upper right, lower left is read as "opening Yuanbao", which is completely understandable, and can be understood as "the main currency that started to circulate".This reading method is called spin reading, which was very popular among the people at that time.In this way, both "Tongbao" and "Yuanbao" have been handed down as the names of coins, and the early names of the emperor are often added to the coins. "Taiping Tongbao", "Chunhua Yuanbao" and so on.

When Shi Siming rebelled, he opened the furnace to cast "Deyi Yuanbao" and "Shuntian Yuanbao", which were used on coins, and the word "Yuan" became popular.In the Yuan Dynasty, the word "Yuan" was of course more meaningful. The word "Yuanbao" cast on the horseshoe-shaped silver ingots meant "treasures of the Yuan Dynasty", and usually 50 taels were an ingot.The ingots mentioned in later generations generally refer to this thing.

During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty: the currency of Ou pods began to be introduced to China. At that time, the most popular foreign currency on the market was the Spanish silver dollar.Because of its round shape, one piece is also a garden, which is not only the name of the currency, but also the name of the unit. Over time, for the convenience of writing, people later replaced it with the homonym "Yuan".As a result, the word yuan became more familiar and used by people, and it has been used until today, becoming the unit of currency in our country.

52. Why is the silver dollar called "Ocean"

Silver dollars originally came from foreign countries, and we also call foreigners foreign money, so we call their money foreign money. The first is the "foreign money" in Spain, then the "Eagle foreign money" in Mexico, and finally our own. "Longyang".These moneys are collectively referred to as "Ocean".

China has adopted a silver-copper currency system since 1436, and the main currency is silver.The silver used in China is mostly cast into ingots, and the unit is weight (two).Until the Ming and Qing Dynasties traded with the West, most of the silver that flowed from abroad was silver rounds minted into coins.Most of the early silver rounds were Spanish rounds cast by Spain in Mexico, which are called "Benyang" in China.Later imported silver coins were minted after Mexico's independence and marked "Eagle Ocean" with an eagle.Both are of the same weight.The growing popularity of silver coins in China indirectly affected the Qing government's ability to control the economy.Therefore, the Qing government also began to cast silver coins with similar weight and fineness during the Guangxu period.The silver coins of the Qing government were called "Dragon Ocean" because of the statue of a dragon on it.All kinds of silver coins are called "Ocean".

52. Why is money called a entanglement?

The traditional Chinese character for "qian" is the word "gold" with the word "石" added to it. The word "Zuo" means small, so "Qian" is a small amount of money.The common "travel expenses" in ancient novels refers to travel expenses today.However, why are travel expenses "coiled" and "coiled"? Coiled and entwined are synonyms. Of course, money has nothing to do with coiled and entangled in today's world. However, in ancient times, there was a certain connection; ancient coins are metal coins with holes in the middle , Commonly used ropes to thread 1000 coins into strings and then hang them up. The rope through which the money is worn is called "pass". Yes, so when people go out to do errands and visit relatives, they can only bring bulky strings of copper coins. Coiling the copper coins around the waist is convenient and safe to carry, so the ancients "coiled" and "wrapped" The travel expenses are called "copies". Of course, the travel expenses can still be said to be "copies".

53. How did the title "General" come about?
In ancient times, there were no generals, and the official position in charge of military affairs was called Sima.At that time, the number of national armies was not large. The emperor had only six armies (2500 soldiers each), and the princes had no more than three armies at most.The commander-in-chief of each army is called Qing, the subordinates of Qing are called Dafu (division), and the subordinates of Dafu are called Shi.

In the Spring and Autumn Period, in order to expand the sphere of influence, the princes continued to increase their military strength. Therefore, the princes of great powers often had more than three armies, but in terms of organization, he only had three armies and could only have three ministers.So the commander-in-chief of the expansion army was called "general", which means that he is about to lead an army.In the future, the number of troops will increase, and the number of generals will increase.When fighting, the army must be commanded by one person. Therefore, a "big general" or "top general" is selected from the generals to command the overall situation.

In the Han Dynasty, there were more troops, and three generals alone could not manage them, so there appeared the ranks of General Hussars, Generals of Chariots, and Generals of Wei.In the future, although the names of generals in different dynasties are not the same, the principle of dividing generals into many levels is the same.

54. What are the titles of making friends?

Bamboo and horse friends: childhood friends.The language comes from "Shi Shuo Xin Yu".Fangzheng Emperor said: "Is it good to talk about the past and return to Yizhuma?"

Friends of Commoners: Friends of ordinary people who get along with each other on an equal footing.From the "Historical Records: Biography of Lian Po Lin Xiangru": "The minister thinks that the acquaintance of commoners does not deceive each other, how about a big country?"

Forgetful friends: bosom friends regardless of status.The words "New Book of Tang·Meng Jiao Biography": "Xiaoyin Songshan, sexual intercourse, little harmony, Han Yu saw it, and it was a friend who forgets form."

Friends of the poor and the poor: friends made when they were poor and down.The words come out of "Book of the Later Han Song Hongzhuan": "(Emperor Guangwu) called Hong and said: 'As the saying goes, friends are expensive and friends are rich, and wives are rich. Is it human?" ."'

Forgetful friends: friends who make friends not by age but by talent and character.It comes from "Nanshi · He Xun Biography": "Weak Guanzhou selects scholars, and Fan Yunqi of Nanxiang praises his countermeasures, because he forgets his old friends." "

Invincible friends: friends who like each other.From "Northern History·Li Jing Biography": "Although living poorly and alone Chapter 8, the most interesting folk title is to be hungry and cold, and Fan Yang and Lu Dunyuan are inseparable."

The friendship of gentlemen: friends who focus on morality and don't care about utilitarianism.The words come from "Zhuangzi Shanmu": "The conversation of a gentleman is like water."

A second-generation friend: A friend with both generations.The words "Song History · Shao Bowen Biography": "Bowen's father taught him in the world, and Sima Guang and others came out of it, and Guang and others were also famous and famous, and they were friends with Bowen."

55. How did the title "Mr." come from?

The title "Sir" has been around for a long time.However, in various periods of history, the appellation "Mr." is aimed at different objects. "The Analects of Confucius Weizheng": "If there is wine and food, the husband will eat." The commentary says: "Sir, father and brother also." It means that if you have wine and food, you are filial to your father and brother. "Mencius": "Sir, why did you say that?" This "Mr." refers to an elder and learned person.

In the Warring States Period, "National Policies": "Wei Ke suffers from it, but see Mr. Wuxia." "National Policies · Qin Policies": "Sir, sit down, why is this." They all refer to virtuous elders.

The first one to use "Mr." to address a teacher was first seen in "Qu Li": "From Mr. Yu, don't go beyond the etiquette and talk to others." The commentary said: "Sir, the old man teaches." Today, the teacher is called "Mr." , also means this.Later, the appellation of "Mr." tended to be broad.Some Taoists are called Mr., such as Gongsun Sheng in "Water Margin".For people in the world, such as divination, is called Mr. Divination, who sells herbs is called Mr. Herbal Medicine, and whoever measures Chinese characters is called Mr. Zezi.

"Sir" is now used more widely.

(End of this chapter)