Baidu otaku as Chongzhen

Chapter 273

Change into casual clothes and go straight to Liulizhai.

Yang Reform went straight to Sun Liniang's boudoir.

"Liniang, Liniang, I'm here to see you." Yang Reform shouted.

"My lord..." Sun Liniang also got the news and was waiting for Yang Reform.

"Hehe, Liniang, you miss me so much." Yang Reform felt itchy when he saw Sun Liniang.

"Sir, sit down, Liniang will pour tea for you." Sun Liniang poured tea for Yang Reform enthusiastically.

Yang Reform sat down and looked at the layout of the house. A lot of glass decorations were added, and the decoration was very warm. Yang Reform said while looking at it: "Liniang, I want to tell you something today." The purpose of coming, the most important thing is to hand over the wool business to Tian Hongyu.

"My lord, what's the matter?" Sun Liniang was making tea for Yang Reform, when she heard Yang Reform say something was wrong, she immediately asked what it was, with a gentle expression and a happy smile.

"...Ah! Ah! This, this!..." Yang Reform suddenly noticed that Sun Liniang was smiling happily. He couldn't open his mouth about this matter. He asked her to hand over the business to Tian Hongyu. Do not trust her abilities?Isn't this a blow to her?Yang Reform couldn't bear to watch Sun Liniang being wronged and shed tears.

"By the way, young master, I have already made a lot of glass tubes that you told me to make last time. Liniang will show you to young master." Sun Liniang said happily, since the last time the emperor asked him to make that kind of glass tube After that, Liulizhai immediately mobilized many masters to make this kind of thing specially for the emperor. The first half of this kind of thing is easy to make, but the second half is not easy to make. The first half is formed and then poured into the glass. In the tube, the second half is to completely seal the glass tube, which is where the difficulty lies.

"Okay!, I really want to see it." Yang Huazheng didn't know how to talk about the wool, but now that he has a thermometer, at least he won't have nothing to say.

"...It's done well, but it's more difficult! Not many have been done well, so please don't take offense, my lord." Sun Liniang explained again.

"Is it difficult? Where is the difficulty?...Let's see what it is like first?" Yang Reform said, this glass can be made, isn't this thermometer a piece of cake?
"Okay, young master, Liniang will get it now..." Sun Liniang didn't think too much, and immediately went to get the finished thermometer.

……

After a while, Sun Liniang came with some glass tubes.Said: "My lord, the first half of this kind of thing that is hot and cold is easy to do, but the second half is not easy. According to the speed of our Liulizhai, it could have been done a long time ago, but it is all because the second half is difficult to do. It's really...so, the only thing that can be done now is this..." Sun Liniang explained.

"Oh? Is that so? Why is the first half easy to make? The second half is difficult?" Yang Reform picked up a glass tube and looked at it. The second half was smooth and very good, but the top was sealed. The place was burned crookedly, unnaturally, turned upside down, there was no water leakage, and the liquid in the glass tube was sealed.

"My lord, according to my lord's instructions, Liniang chose a lot of things that can flow and tried, and found that many liquids have obvious changes in cold and heat..., but the openings are not easy to seal, such as wine, vinegar, oil, and even water. , as soon as it is close to the furnace for melting glass, the water in the glass tube will be roasted all at once. The craftsman has been busy many times, but he has not done a good job. The liquid in the glass tube is either filled too much, or it is not baked No, the craftsmen can't do it, they just made these..." Sun Liniang introduced in a low voice, glass melting is relatively easy, but it is difficult to melt and seal the opening after filling the glass tube. The contents in the tube are easily burned by high temperature, or the remaining weight is not the same.

"What else?" Yang Reform wondered. Sure enough, the thermometer is a relatively high-tech, and it's not easy to get it done. Then how did the later people make it?

"That's right! Young Master, look, these made, the liquid in them is either too much or too little. It is difficult to achieve the uniform weight and the same amount that Young Master said,... but these glass tubes are made , put it in hot water, the hotter it is, the more the liquid in the glass tube rises, which is really interesting... Liniang recorded that the concentrated rise is more obvious... Here, it is a pity that the It's really difficult to achieve the same amount..." Although Sun Liniang made a lot of thermometers, she regretted that she didn't complete the task perfectly, and she didn't take credit for Yang Reform.

"It's not easy to seal, let me think about it...are these sensitive to heat and cold?..." Yang Reform didn't have any good ideas for a while, he didn't know what technique to use to seal the thermometer's mouth, too close to the heat source, the glass The contents in the tube are easy to volatilize, and it is indeed a difficult problem to make a thermometer with a uniform standard.

Yang Reform fiddled with the glass tubes. Sure enough, the labels on them indicated various liquids, including water and oil. The oil was divided into vegetable oil, tung oil, tea oil, lard, soy sauce..., and the vinegar was divided into Lao Li's. The white vinegar from the old Chen family’s old vinegar, as expected, is a model that can exhaust all the liquids in the world to exhaust the thermometer.

A wave of glass tubes, put together a large category, a large pile of oily ones, several sticks of vinegary ones, and a large pile of wines, with wines from various companies in them...the things are actually pretty much the same many……

Yang Reform picked up a glass tube marked with mercury, and said, "Have you put this in too?" This is mercury!There will be a large part of thermometers in the future, but they are mercury thermometers.Yang Reform saw it, excited!
"That's right! Young Master, Liniang saw that this mercury can also flow, and she followed the Young Master's order to exhaust all the things that can flow in the world, so she also installed a few of these. However, this kind of thing is poisonous and very difficult to handle. , and it is easy to disperse, and if you don’t pay attention, the mercury in the glass tube will be gone... For this reason, several masters were hurt.” Sun Liniang was very concerned about the emperor’s matter, and she was very concerned about the specific production process. Also did enough understanding.

"Not bad, not bad!" Yang Reform was very satisfied. He didn't expect that in the seventeenth century, he could also see the style of mercury thermometers in the future. It was really something to be happy about, so he immediately clipped the mercury thermometer In his armpit, ready to see what his body temperature is.

"Young Master, Young Master, what are you?" Sun Liniang was very curious when she saw that Yang Reform was clamping something that was being tested for cold or heat with her arms, and asked Yang Reform what he was doing.

"Hehe, Liniang, didn't I tell you? This kind of thing, I am going to call it a thermometer. It is used to measure heat and cold, and to measure the temperature of people. With it, in the future, whether the patient will have a cold or a fever , how cold it is, how hot it is, isn't it clear at a glance?" Yang Reform said excitedly, this is not a small progress in the history of medicine!
Sun Liniang watched Yang Reform playing with the thermometer in doubt, but she still didn't quite understand, and asked, "Young master, what is temperature? ... Also, each thermometer is made differently, and some are filled with mercury. More, some less, even if there is a change after being heated, the change of each glass tube must be different! How to identify this? Also, even if the mercury in this glass tube changes, but, And how do you know if it's a normal person?" Sun Liniang asked a lot of questions and kept throwing them out. Yang Reform wanted to explain what a thermometer is, but he didn't have a chance to ask.

"... Oh..., Li Niang knows, should I use a ruler to measure how much the mercury in the glass tube has risen, so that I can know whether the patient is hot or cold, and how hot it is? , or how much is it cold?... For example, if a normal person stops when it reaches one inch, it means that one inch is normal. How much, if the difference is two points, then say: cold two points, if it is longer than one inch, then say: one point longer; Asked, Sun Liniang figured this out by herself in the past few days. The emperor asked her to exhaust thermometers. She made a lot, but there were also many problems. First, each thermometer is different. The liquid in the glass tube Second, the emperor wanted to use this thing to measure people's heat and cold. Sun Liniang thought about how to measure it, and finally came up with a more reliable method, which is to measure it with a ruler first. The scale of a normal person, such as one inch, if the patient has a fever, the liquid in the glass tube must have risen by more than one inch, if it rises by one point, then it is one inch by one point, then it can be judged that the patient has a fever, It's called a one-point increase... Sun Liniang felt that only her own method could accurately determine whether the patient was cold or hot, how much cold, how hot...

Uh! ...Yang Reform looked at this woman of his in surprise, but he didn't realize that this woman of his had not only a business mind, but also a scientist's mind. It would be a pity not to be a scientist.This kind of method can be thought of, but I am going to "confess", the calculation method of the thermometer is: the mixture of ice and water is zero degrees, boiling water is one hundred degrees...

Yang Reform could only look at his woman in surprise, this woman is not simple!I don't know what to say, but Yang Reform was even more embarrassed to speak about the handover of the wool business.

Seeing her son looking at her in surprise, Sun Liniang felt that the method she thought was very effective, so she said with a coquettish smile, "Hehe... how about it, son, isn't Liniang very smart? Hehe... Come, come and see Is the son cold or hot..., whether it is hot or cold, the little girl will also be a doctor and see the son..." Sun Linian was playing happily, pretending to be reformed from Yang He drew a mercury thermometer from his armpit.

"Oh...it's terrible! Young master, you have a terrible fever! Look, it's an inch and a half, burning five cents! Oh my...it's terrible, it's terrible! Young master, you have to Hurry up and find a doctor..." Sun Liniang pretended to measure the thermometer with a ruler, and then said pretending to be surprised.

Yang Reform didn't know whether to laugh or cry, he was terrified, and said with a smile: "Where is there a fever to this extent, the lady must have misunderstood it." Yang Reform also teased.

"My lord, where did you read it wrong? Look, it's [-] inch and [-] cents. It's definitely not wrong..." Sun Liniang said coquettishly.He even pretended to be holding the ruler and gesturing at the mercury thermometer, with an expression that was right.

Yang Reform was very upset, and after playing around with Sun Liniang for a while, he said with a smile, "Hehe, Liniang, I will teach you a better way to determine how to measure heat and cold."

"Young master, how do you do that?" Sun Liniang asked curiously. In her opinion, the internal space of each glass tube is different in size, and the amount of liquid contained in it is different. It is really troublesome to measure the heat and cold. , to determine the scale one by one, only her method is the best, and there will be no mistakes.

"Hehe, this method is also very simple. You put the end of the thermometer with the bubble in the mixture of ice and water for a while, and temporarily assume that it is zero degrees, and then put the bubble of the thermometer into the end of the boiling water. Time, set the position pointed by the liquid in the glass tube as [-] degrees, so that between zero degrees and [-] degrees, it is divided into [-] scales. Wouldn’t it be more accurate? As long as others get a thermometer, they can use it anytime, anywhere Measuring the temperature of the human body? I think the body temperature of normal people is about the same, there should be a fixed scale, and then by collecting the measurement results of many people, we should be able to get a relatively average scale, and then use this scale as the standard , set this scale as the normal body temperature of the human body, take this pre-made thermometer to measure it, if it is higher than the average scale, it means you have a fever, or a high fever of one degree, or a high fever of two degrees, so that you can distinguish the condition of the disease Seriousness, use this to distinguish the illness..." Yang Reform did not hesitate to use the division method of the Celsius thermometer in the future. This division method is relatively intuitive and simple, and it is also suitable for his current situation.

This time, it was Sun Liniang's turn to be surprised. After careful consideration, Sun Liniang felt that the emperor's idea was a hundred times more brilliant than hers. Indeed, in this way, it is necessary to measure whether a person is cold or hot, and how much cold. There is indeed a relatively intuitive scale for how much you have a fever, which is indeed of great help in judging the condition. More importantly, in this way, it has nothing to do with the amount of liquid in the glass tube. If The scale measured by normal people is [-]% scale, and the scale measured by all glass tubes should be [-]% scale.

Sun Liniang said with a surprised and admiring expression: "Young Master's method is a hundred times better than Ming Liniang's. It is indeed a good method!"

"Hehe... so-so, so-so!" Yang Reform was even more embarrassing!This is blatant plagiarism, not his own idea, Yang Reform's cheeks blushed in disbelief.

"...Oh, that is to say, my son, to make this kind of thermometer, when making it, fill the liquid finger puppet, first soak the glass tube in ice water? Then make a mark, and then transfer it to boiling water, Then make a mark and seal it at the end? In this way, although the liquid and weight of each glass tube are different, the scales are the same, so there will be no mistakes..." Sun Liniang began to figure out how to follow the emperor's ideas to do things.

"Well, it's probably like this..." Yang Reform didn't know exactly how the thermometer was made, but after hearing what Sun Liniang said, he probably was right, probably right.

"By the way, son, it's still the problem of sealing. If the mark is made in boiling water, and if it is transferred to the furnace to seal the seal, the liquid in the glass tube may change again! The furnace is too hot, put the glass tube Close to the stove to seal, the liquid in the glass tube will dry up in no time, even with a stopper, it is very difficult... In this way, all the previous things are not for nothing?" Sun Liniang thought of the difficulty of sealing again .

Hiss...Yang Reform is also confused. This is indeed a difficult problem. Mercury, alcohol and other liquids are extremely volatile at room temperature, and they are even more volatile when exposed to high temperatures. To complete this action in a short period of time, the liquid in the glass tube must not have time to escape out of the glass tube. However, obviously, the furnace for burning glass is so hot that when you send the glass tube over, the liquid in the glass tube may not escape. Not much left, plug? , Yang Reform suddenly remembered that there was oil in Sun Liniang's test items. When he thought of sending the glass tube containing oil to a furnace that could melt glass to seal it, Yang Reform felt that this was really not something that ordinary people could do. The craftsman, I am afraid that he will find a way!
Yang Reform felt that he really had to think of a safer way to solve this problem for his woman. When he thought of the scene that might even explode, Yang Reform felt afraid for a while. Fortunately, his woman did not try it.

"Then how about asking the workers to seal the mouth first and then mark the scale?" Sun Liniang asked again.

"This..." Yang Reform was in trouble. As for the thermometer, Yang Reform was a hands-off shopkeeper. He didn't know the specific details at all. Sun Liniang, who had no experimental experience, knew a lot. Now that Sun Liniang asked, she was blind.

It is necessary to use extremely high temperature to seal the opening of the glass tube very quickly. This cannot be preheated in advance. It is best to do it at room temperature, so as to prevent the liquid in the glass tube from volatilizing and affecting the measurement accuracy of the thermometer.

Yang Reform thought about it, and when he thought about it, when he watched TV in the future, he seemed to have seen a kind of equipment, which was used to seal the glass bottles filled with medicine. It seemed to use... a blue flame that was sprayed out...

Yang Reform suddenly remembered that it was yesterday or the day before yesterday, and he seemed to have seen this kind of thing... By the way, the kind of thing that will burn pig hair in the future-blowtorch, yes, it is a blowtorch, which is now the fierce oil tank!Yang Reform suddenly realized that the principle of the fierce fire oil tank used today is exactly the same as the blowtorch for burning pig hair in the future, and the equipment for packaging medicine bottles seems to be a blowtorch, that is to say, the sealing of the glass is done with a blowtorch. When it's done, I can let those guys who are engaged in the fire oil tank come out with some blowtorches. In this way, it should be able to meet the needs of quickly sealing the opening of the glass tube at room temperature...

Thinking of this, Yang Reform exclaimed excitedly, "Oh... I thought of it, I thought of it!"

Sun Liniang, who was still thinking hard, asked, "What do you remember? Young Master?"

"Liniang, I thought of something that can instantly seal the opening of the glass tube without using a stove! In this way, the contents of the glass tube will not change at all. If you make a thermometer, in the future, if you want to seal the opening of the glass tube first. Okay, if you want to engrave the scale of the thermometer first, it's up to you..." Yang Reform could think of it.

"Really? Young Master? And this thing? How come Liniang has never heard of it?" Sun Liniang asked in disbelief.What can instantly melt glass?You know, it is not easy to burn glass, you have to use a big fire in the furnace, if there is something that can melt glass in a very short time, what a fierce fire it is!
"Hey..., this is absolutely true. There are many capable people in my son's family, some of them specialize in this. Hey, you will know in the future, the bag must be easy to use..." Yang Reform now dares to promise.How to seal the glass, Yang Reform has seen a machine for sealing glass bottles in the future, a row of flames sprayed out, the mouth of the glass bottle was sealed instantly, and the medicine in the glass bottle was intact. As long as those craftsmen are asked to change the fierce oil tank into a blowtorch, isn't this a piece of cake?If you don’t have kerosene, you can use kerosene, vegetable oil, or even other oils instead. If it doesn’t work, it’s enough to refine some alcohol yourself. Anyway, you won’t have to make tens of thousands of thermometers at a time.

"Really? Then Liniang won't worry..." Sun Liniang looked at Yang Reform with a happy face.Sun Liniang knew that her son was the emperor, and there were so many skilled craftsmen in the world, it would be true to say that there was such a thing.

The problem with the thermometer is solved, but the purpose of Yang Reform today is to let Sun Liniang hand over the wool business to Tian Hongyu. At this time, Yang Reform is even more embarrassed to speak up, watching this busy for himself He tried his best to help his wife, and asked her to hand over the business. This would be a big blow to her, and it would hurt her heart...

"...Hey..., this, Liniang! I thought about it, this thermometer, when the scales are unified in the future, with the function of measuring cold and hot, it will definitely benefit the people of the world and become famous in the world. This Qin Shihuang achieved the great cause of unifying the world, and he unified the weights and measures, and his name will last forever. However, he did not formulate a standard for how to measure heat and cold, and he did not formulate a standard for how to measure heat and cold. I think that this measurement can be used The hot and cold thermometers are used as the standard, and a standard and method for measuring hot and cold is established. The measure of length is called length, and the measure of hot and cold is called temperature. A law that is universal in the world..., Liniang, the mentioning and invention of this temperature belongs to you, and wherever temperature is used in the future, you must be mentioned, and it must be recited for all generations!..." Yang Jianghe didn't have the nerve to talk to him Sun Liniang was afraid of hurting Sun Liniang's heart when she mentioned wool, so she gave Sun Liniang good news first, and prepared to use this good news as a basis, so that she would not be embarrassed when she opened her mouth.

To set standards and definitions for temperature, and make temperature one of the legal weights and measures, Yang Reform used me to show the solemnity of this matter.

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(End of this chapter)