Encyclopedia of Family Medicine

Chapter 11 Environmental Hygiene and Self-Care (5)
3.Treat sexual physiological changes correctly

The gradual maturation of the reproductive system and the emergence of secondary sexual characteristics have a greater impact on the psychology, emotion, and behavior of male and female adolescents.They have not had time to adapt to the sudden sexual changes, and often have sexual impulses or sexual requirements.Due to curiosity and ignorance, some misunderstandings and unnecessary tension, shyness, and even fear and anxiety often arise.For example, a young woman's menarche, and a young man's first spermatorrhea will feel panic and anxiety.Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the education of sexual physiology knowledge for teenagers, so that they can understand that these are physiological phenomena that every healthy person must experience, and help them eliminate tension, get rid of all kinds of unhealthy psychology, and spend their adolescence healthily.

4. Treat marriage and love correctly
With the growth and development of the body, adolescents reach a certain age, and their sexual development is fully mature. Women feel spring, men fall in love, make friends of the opposite sex, and then fall in love and get married. This is just and right.During this period, adolescents' mental health care mainly focused on problems such as puppy love, lovelorn and marital setbacks.

(1) Puppy love, puppy love for teenagers, has adverse effects on body and mind and learning.Therefore, for juvenile puppy love, persuasion and education should be carried out once it is discovered, and correct guidance should be given. Parents and schools should educate in advance to put an end to puppy love and prevent problems before they happen.

(2) Young people fall in love and get married, which is justifiable. "Men should be married, women should be married."But the psychology of love is very complicated.Especially when the relationship is not smooth or there are twists and turns, or even lovelorn, marriage setbacks, often there will be mood swings, depression, pessimism and disappointment, serious mental disorders or mental disorders, or even find a way out.Therefore, it is necessary to educate young people to correct the position of love and marriage in work, study and life, to have a healthy psychological state to deal with setbacks in love and marriage, to learn from setbacks and learn from setbacks. Couples, form a happy family.

Mental health care for middle-aged people

When people reach middle age, their physical and mental development reaches maturity, and their physiological functions enter a period of vigorous and healthy development. Middle-aged people are full of vigor and vitality.On the other hand, the body function is going from exuberance to decline, energy is gradually declining, physical fitness is declining, and diseases are gradually increasing.

1.psychological characteristics

The psychological stability of middle-aged people is mainly reflected in the degree of understanding things, the degree of stress, and the degree of achieving goals that are deeper and more stable than those of young people.Middle-aged people have developed thinking, are good at analysis, synthesis, association, judgment and reasoning, see problems comprehensively and profoundly, and have their own unique opinions.Emotional stability, strong self-control, calm in dealing with things, stable in work, not easy to be impulsive.

2.mental health

Middle-aged people are in the middle stage of life. Most of them have married and established a career and have a successful career. Maintaining mental and physical health is very important to the family and society.

(1) Maintain emotional stability and avoid excessive mental stress
The mental stress of middle-aged people mainly comes from three aspects.The first is work pressure. Most middle-aged people are the main force or backbone of the unit, with heavy work burdens, promotions, promotions, and competition among colleagues; the requirements, instructions, and tasks of superiors need to be implemented and completed; the expectations and opinions of subordinates need to be reflected and reflect.The second is social pressure. Middle-aged people communicate widely, and they need to contact, communicate and entertain with classmates, colleagues, fellow villagers, comrades in arms, and friends; political, economic, and cultural activities need support and participation; housing, children’s studies, and children’s employment need to deal with and Arrangements; disasters and accidents from nature need to be prevented and dealt with.The third is family pressure. Most middle-aged people have parents who need support and filial piety, and children who need support and education. The relationship between husband and wife needs to be cared, considerate and consolidated.Before marriage, the kind of sweetness that was spent before marriage was reduced or even disappeared, replaced by household chores such as clothing, food, housing, transportation, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar, etc., and even relationship disputes between husband and wife.

In short, for middle-aged people, all kinds of troubles and contradictions in the family and society are gathered together, and the physical and mental burden is very heavy. After experiencing various setbacks and ups and downs, they are often in a state of psychological tension, which affects their mental health.Therefore, middle-aged people especially need to be good at regulating themselves, keeping their emotions stable and balanced.One is to pay attention to society and not to expect too much from others.The second is to be optimistic, open-minded and calm about conflicts, setbacks or misfortunes.The third is the need for frankness and harmony in family and relationship.Only in this way can we enhance our self-confidence and ensure our physical and mental health.

(2) Combining work and rest, cultivating interests and hobbies

Middle-aged people have a heavy physical and mental burden, and they are often in a state of tension, which can easily lead to high blood pressure, coronary heart disease and other psychosomatic diseases.Therefore, middle-aged people should arrange their work, study and life reasonably, actively participate in cultural and recreational activities suitable for individuals, and cultivate their hobbies and interests, such as listening to music, practicing exercises, painting and calligraphy, blowing, pulling, playing, singing, dancing, playing cards, etc. play chess.In the spare time, you can easily and freely carry out recreational activities that you are interested in and hobbies, which can adjust your emotions, open your mind, cultivate your sentiments, relieve physical and mental tension, and eliminate bad emotions, which is beneficial to your physical and mental health.

(3) Exercise to strengthen physical and mental health
Sports can exercise people's will.A resolute and cheerful personality can relieve mental fatigue and relieve tension and depression in work and life.This is very necessary for middle-aged people.There are many sports and exercises suitable for middle-aged people, such as running, playing Tai Chi, practicing Qigong, swimming, playing table tennis, tennis, badminton, etc.Conditional time can be taken out to travel, which can not only enhance physical fitness, but also regulate emotions, thereby improving the body's ability to resist disease, making it strong, energetic, cheerful, and emotionally stable, so as to achieve the purpose of physical and mental health.

Mental health care for the elderly

1.Physiological and psychological characteristics of the elderly

People over the age of 60 are in old age, and a series of physiological and psychological changes have taken place after people enter old age.Physiologically, various organs of the body gradually age, and physiological functions gradually degenerate.Skin aging, laxity, roughness, desquamation, loss of luster, increased facial skin wrinkles; hair loss, thinning, graying; visual, auditory, tactile and motor sensitivity decreased significantly, slow and inflexible movements; decreased brain function, decreased intelligence, responsiveness Obtuse, weakened heart function, poor blood vessel elasticity, sclerosis of blood vessels, increased blood pressure; decreased renal function, significantly decreased renal tubular reabsorption; reproductive organs began to degenerate, and sexual function gradually decreased; other systems also generally age and function decline.With the decline of physiological function, the disease increased significantly.

Psychologically, due to the decline of physiological functions, the ability to think is weakened, the memory is getting worse and worse, and the mood is also changed, which is prone to psychological variation.One of the reasons is that social interaction is reduced, which leads to a sense of loneliness.Second, retired and retired cadres and employees have retired from their jobs, and the past work and life patterns have undergone tremendous changes, resulting in a sense of loss.The third is that the children grow up to set up their own doors and are busy with their own work, study and life all day long, which makes the elderly feel "old and useless, they can't do anything for their children anymore, it's superfluous", and there is a sense of abandonment .Fourth, some people used to be factory directors, managers, or leaders of the party and government, who were respected, supported, and important to a certain extent. After entering old age, they lost their former authority, and there were no people to ask for help, and their vigorous lives changed. , so as to feel that "people take the tea to cool", resulting in a sense of depression.Fifth, the psychological variation of the widowed elderly is more obvious.All these psychological obstacles lead to mood swings, dull thinking, sensitive and suspicious, narrow-minded, very stingy, stubborn, withdrawn, and even particularly impatient.

2.Elderly Mental Health Care
Mental health is the basis for longevity and comfort in old age. Mental health care should be carried out according to the psychological characteristics of the elderly.

(1) Maintain a stable mood: Medical research has proved that an optimistic character and a happy mood are conducive to the regulation of excitation and inhibition of the nervous system, delaying the aging process of important organs and reducing the occurrence of diseases.Therefore, the elderly should try their best to control their emotions, keep cheerful and open-minded, and overcome the above-mentioned psychological obstacles.We should face the reality, metabolism is the inevitable law of social development, don't be preoccupied, avoid depression and dullness.When encountering unpleasant things, try to deal with it calmly, learn to free yourself, and maintain a balanced attitude.

(2) Recreation and health care: Many elderly people are busy in middle age, and their lives are tense and regular. After getting off the job, the free time suddenly increases, and they often feel at a loss, resulting in disorders of daily life.Therefore, it is necessary for the elderly to participate in more recreational activities, such as raising flowers, feeding birds, painting, dancing, playing cards, and chess.In the cadre rest centers and nursing homes where the elderly are concentrated, the elderly can be organized to participate in some public welfare activities within their ability to continue to exert their residual heat.This can not only enrich the spiritual life of the elderly, but also cultivate their sentiments and improve their physical and mental health.

(3) Adhere to exercise and prevent diseases in time: exercise can delay aging.Therefore, the elderly should often do physical exercise, such as walking, jogging, doing exercises, practicing, fishing, playing croquet and so on.This can not only enhance physical fitness, prevent disease, delay aging, but also maintain the balance of human body metabolism and promote physical and mental health.

It is an unavoidable natural law that the functions of tissues and organs of the elderly are declining, and the number of diseases is obviously increasing.Therefore, once you feel unwell, you should go to the hospital for examination as soon as possible without delay, so as to achieve early examination, early diagnosis and early treatment.If you suffer from a serious or malignant disease, don't be nervous, fearful, pessimistic and disappointed, and use a scientific attitude to understand the disease, treat the disease, and overcome the disease.If you maintain a good mental state, you will be able to live a long and healthy life and spend your old age peacefully.

Treatment of mental disorders

The treatment of psychological disorders is mainly based on psychotherapy. Although it is not easy to change after the formation of personality disorders, training on the ability to adapt to the environment, helping to choose careers and guiding behaviors can resolve psychological conflicts and adjust and improve interpersonal relationships. It is the basic content of psychotherapy, which requires a long time and patience.

Drug treatment: commonly used sedatives, anti-anxiety and anti-depressant drugs are mostly temporary symptomatic treatment, not suitable for long-term application, and should be used under the guidance of a psychologist.

Recreation promotes physical and mental health
Recreation is the pursuit of laughter and joy through various activities that people enjoy.Entertainment and health care is to cultivate the mind, cultivate temperament and enjoy life through elegant, healthy and civilized entertainment activities in daily life.At the same time, exercise the body, strengthen the muscles and bones, thereby promoting physical and mental health.

People often say, "Smile, you will be young for ten years, worry once, and you will turn gray."This sentence shows that inner joy and sorrow directly affect people's mental outlook and health.Modern medical research has proved that people's mood helps to improve the orderliness of the brain.This ensures the stability and coordination of internal organs and tissues.Entertainment can make the mood happy and refreshed.Therefore, people regard entertainment as a magic weapon for health care.

There are many types of recreational activities, in various forms, and with different operating methods, such as piano, chess, books, paintings, flowers, birds, fish and so on.To make recreational activities achieve the purpose of strengthening your body, you should first choose activities that suit you according to your age and hobbies; second, you should have a wide range of interests. It is tedious to carry out an activity, so we should learn a variety of entertainment methods; third, enough is enough, any kind of entertainment, once indulged in it, will also be harmful to health.

(End of this chapter)