Encyclopedia of Family Medicine

Chapter 30 Sexual knowledge and eugenics (2)
Sex education should run through all periods of life. It is inextricably linked with social knowledge, scientific and cultural knowledge, and is also a part of scientific knowledge.It is wrong to look at sex education in isolation and abstraction.That "self-taught" view of sex is ignorant.The kind of pornographic and obscene products that exaggerate the magic of sex are the spiritual "opium" of teenagers and must be eliminated.Let healthy, civilized and scientific sex education enrich people's spiritual world, so as to ensure people's physical and mental health and prolong life.

1.Sex education starts with children

When a child is just born, the earliest impression given to people is to identify its gender based on the external genitalia. After the gender is confirmed, the gender role of a person is determined for life.From then on, names, social titles, clothing, and toys will all be set according to their gender characteristics, so that children will gradually position themselves in gender roles and realize "I am a boy" or "I am a girl".But a small number of parents often dress their children in opposite gender roles according to their own preferences.If things go on like this, children may transform into the gender roles arranged by adults, which is not conducive to the establishment of children's gender role awareness, and even causes children's gender roles to be misplaced, leading to personality or sexual psychology disorders after adults.

Whether children's sexual concept is correct or not, parents' early sex education is very important, and parents are the first teachers of children's sex education.After the age of three, children may ask many unconscious questions about sex, such as: "How was I born?" "Why can't the little boy go to the bathing pool with his mother?" "Why doesn't Xiaojuan grow a penis?" and many more.Five or six-year-old children may play with their genitals, look at and touch their external genitalia with peers of the opposite sex, and even imitate adults' "kissing" and "making love" actions.These are all children's sexual curiosity, conscious or unconscious sexual manifestation.At this time, parents should adopt positive education to let children know that the sexual organs of boys and girls are different, but they are all important parts of the human body. They should be well protected, and they should not touch them with dirty hands, or let others see or touch them.Use scientific principles to satisfy children's curiosity, and do not use deceit, intimidation, beating and scolding measures to stop these words and deeds of children, so as not to leave feelings of sexual uncleanness and sexual sin in the young hearts of children.If this kind of psychology is formed, it is not conducive to the child's personality maturity and adapting to the society, and it is easy to have deviations and even sexual psychology abnormalities when they are sexually awakened in adolescence.

The content of children's sex education in this period: First, it is self-gender role recognition, so that children should make it clear whether they are a boy or a girl after the age of 2.

The second is to educate children to deal with the relationship with children of the same age and the opposite sex, and to identify the same age and the opposite sex.Correctly address people of the same age and opposite sex, such as brother, sister, younger brother, and younger sister.

Once again, it is to educate children to form the earliest sexual ethics, such as boys cannot bully girls.Restriction of behaviors that do not conform to gender identity, dress in accordance with gender characteristics, etc.

Finally, the various intimacy, love and other specific behaviors of parents in life are typical education for children, which always affect children's sexual and psychological development, and are also subtle sex teaching materials.Therefore, parents' sexual morality has a great influence on the formation of children's initial sexual morality.

2.Adolescent sex education should not be ignored

Adolescence is the most critical period in life. During this period, sexual organs gradually mature, physical and psychological changes have also occurred, and the world outlook and outlook on life are gradually formed. At this time, parents and teachers should guide and educate adolescents correctly. Make them understand the necessary sexual knowledge, understand their own physiological and psychological changes, relieve tension, anxiety and confusion.

Sex education in this period was mainly indoctrination, which was done patiently, sincerely, and in a targeted manner by parents and teachers.Parents should explain the knowledge about sexual physiology anytime and anywhere according to the various physiological and psychological changes of the child, eliminate the child's confusion, satisfy the child's curiosity, and guide the child to deal with physiological phenomena such as nocturnal emission and menstrual cramps.Parents should also combine sex education with moral quality education, use noble moral sentiments to guide children's sexual awareness, enable them to rationally handle the relationship with the opposite sex, develop pure friendship, and at the same time explain to children the relevant laws knowledge and content related to the prevention of sexual crimes.Schools should appropriately combine knowledge education and personality education, carry out sexual knowledge education, and teach adolescent sexual physiology, sexual psychology, and sexual hygiene knowledge.

Sex education in adolescence requires the close cooperation of families, schools, and society. It focuses on educating adolescents to handle their relationship with the opposite sex, control their sexual impulses, and prevent puppy love.

(1) Handle heterosexual relationships well

Adolescents are in curiosity and physiological needs, and always try every means to gain the favor of the opposite sex, so that men fall in love and girls feel spring.This is an inevitable stage of physical and psychological development and an inviolable law of nature.During this period, the exchanges between men and women increased, and many parents took "isolation" measures to prohibit them from interacting.In fact, this approach is unscientific and undesirable.Youthful love cannot be suppressed.The key is how to guide them to deal with the opposite sex.It is necessary to limit their communication to the scope of friendship, and to avoid the development of friendship into love, possessiveness, or "unrequited love".To encourage young people to participate in more group activities, try to reduce or avoid separate, long-term, frequent exchanges between the opposite sex, but also pay attention to the contact of body parts.

(2) Control of adolescent sexual impulses

After puberty matures, strong sexual desires and impulses gradually appear, inner desire to understand and contact the opposite sex, and want to explore sexual mysteries. This is not surprising, it is a general law of physiological development.

At this time, the focus of sex education is to strengthen sexual morality education, so that young people realize that people must learn to use their own will to regulate and overcome their own desires, so that they conform to social moral norms and legal constraints.You can't imagine what's wrong, and you can't do whatever you want.It is necessary for young people to strengthen their studies, carry out more sports, literary and artistic activities, and transfer their sexual desires and impulses.At the same time, schools should arrange physical education classes and other collective activities for boys and girls to provide them with open, natural, sincere, and generous communication opportunities, so that young boys and girls can comfort each other physically and psychologically, which is beneficial to both physical and mental health.

What needs to be pointed out in particular is that adolescent teenagers lack the ability to defend against bad sexual stimulation and sexual provocation, especially pornographic books and videos, which have strong stimulation to teenagers' sexual impulses and are easy to lure teenagers to the road of crime. The missing lesson.

(3) Prevent puppy love

Boys and girls who are gradually mature in youth development begin to feel the attraction of the opposite sex, so they start to get along with classmates of the opposite sex they have a crush on, and gradually deepen their friendship, which leads to romance.Puppy love is very bad for teenagers.Although their sexual functions are basically mature, their psychological development is not perfect, their social roles have not yet been formed, their ideology and material foundation are not suitable for love, and more importantly, their studies are affected, their studies are wasted, and it is not conducive to physical and mental health.Therefore, once a small number of parents find out that their children are in puppy love, they will beat and scold their children, restrict their free activities, and even transfer schools because of this.In fact, there is no need to make a fuss about the puppy love of teenagers, let alone exaggerate it.Instead, we must educate them patiently and meticulously, so that they realize that youth is a great time to set up lofty ideals and study hard. The time for falling in love is not yet mature. The plasticity of life, the subjectivity and objectiveness of the future are constantly changing, and premature love is not good for future marriage and family.At the same time of ideological education, parents should be more caring and considerate, take a certain amount of time to accompany their children for a walk, go to the park, talk and chat, divert and divert their sexual desires and impulses, eliminate their worries and confusion, and make them relaxed and happy through adolescence.

3.youth education

Young people's sexual function and sexual psychology have matured, and they are at the age of talking about marriage.How to correctly treat love, marriage, family and sex life is the main content of sex education in this period.Young people often think that they have successfully passed through adolescence and have mastered some sexual knowledge. They often ignore sex education, or lack a correct understanding of sex education, thinking that they "know without learning".In fact, sex education is to teach people to love each other with warmth, friendliness, respect, tolerance, self-control, etc., and to accept each other's love as well. It advocates full and effective communication of emotions, opposes violence and inequality, and advocates scientific and healthy sexual concepts. .Sex education is like spring water, wind, and sunshine, washing away the dirt in people's hearts, removing worries, tension and shyness in people's hearts, and bringing warmth, stability, development and hope to families and society.Sex education is a rigorous soul project, not simply teaching sex life skills.

Sex education methods for young people are different from those of children and teenagers. They mainly rely on self-study, knowledge comes from some civilized, healthy and progressive books and periodicals, pre-marital examinations, guidance, etc.The degree of sex education received by young people is closely related to personal thinking, cultural level, moral cultivation, ideals and beliefs, and it is also directly related to a happy marriage, family happiness, and harmonious sex life in the future.Therefore, sex education is a compulsory course for young people.

Young people have strong sexual desire and strong sexual impulses, which can easily lead to premarital sex and cohabitation before marriage; sexual and psychological disorders caused by frustration in love and marriage; physical discomfort and urogenital system infections due to frequent sexual life after marriage.Failure to abide by sexual ethics may also lead to sexual crimes, affecting families and society.Therefore, the following issues should be paid attention to in the sexuality education of young people:
(1) Premarital sex

According to relevant reports, a sample survey in Shanghai found that 71% of young people in love had premarital sex, and 25% of college students in a certain university had premarital sex.It can be seen that premarital sex is relatively common.Premarital sex has many dangers.First, pregnancy is unavoidable, often psychological tension and fear in sexual life, and psychological pressure; second, artificial abortion after pregnancy can easily lead to endometrial damage, functional uterine bleeding, or menstrual disorders, and in severe cases, it will also lead to amenorrhea, habituation Miscarriage, premature birth and even infertility.The third is premarital cohabitation and premarital sex, which are not justified in their name. They often get no rest after abortion, and their nutrition cannot keep up, which leads to physical weakness and a decline in disease resistance, which is easy to induce various diseases, especially reproductive organ infections. Endometritis, salpingitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, may also cause lifelong infertility.Fourth, unmarried cohabitation, there is no legal protection for sexual behavior, due to the subjective and objective changes of both parties, disputes arise, and they cannot be recognized and supported by the law.

The key to unmarried cohabitation and premarital sex is to prevent problems before they happen. At the beginning of puberty, education about sex knowledge and sex morality should be carried out, and sexual morality education should be strengthened at the beginning of love, pointing out the harm of unmarried cohabitation and premarital sex, so that They recognize their self-worth and goals, so they can restrain their restlessness and devote their full energy to study and work.

When dealing with unmarried cohabitants and those who have sex before marriage, they should not be despised, let alone beating the mandarin ducks.This can easily lead to rebellious psychology, and even cause more harm.Instead, we should educate and induce them based on the principles of respect, understanding, care and guidance, respect their personality, understand their pure feelings, care about their ideological changes and living conditions, and guide them to devote themselves to study and work.Through education and guidance, they can consciously restrain themselves with reason, cherish the pure love temporarily, study and work hard, and make a good relationship for a hundred years when the conditions are mature.

(2) Premarital sex education: When young men and women are in their 20s, it is only natural that men and women marry.In order to ensure a happy marriage, it is necessary to carry out flexible and diverse premarital sex education.In some large and medium-sized cities and economically developed areas in my country, it has developed relatively well.Using audio-visual teaching, explain theory, picture exhibition, introduce various contraceptive drugs and tools, and guide the application.However, in the vast rural areas, especially in economically and culturally backward areas, it is difficult to carry out premarital sex education, and some people even think: "When you get married, turn off the lights and sleep, you don't need to teach it." This is not the case. Premarital sex education is an important part of the marriage health care system. Its content includes all aspects of marriage: one is legal education, focusing on ethics and moral norms, requiring young people to be responsible for their sexual behavior and consciously accept the constraints of social moral norms and the legal system; the second is sexual physiology and sexual psychology education. , to enable young people to master the knowledge of sexual organs, sexual development, sexual behavior, sexually transmitted diseases, prenatal and postnatal care, educate young people to correctly understand the knowledge of human reproduction and sexuality, improve their own health care ability, and lay the foundation for the next generation of reproductive health; the third is to carry out Sexual hygiene education enables young people to correctly recognize and understand sexual function, and ensure the harmony of sexual life of husband and wife after marriage.

Pre-marital sex education is the prerequisite for a happy married life.Therefore, it is necessary to vigorously publicize the importance of pre-marital sex education and actively carry out pre-marital sex education.

(3) Prevention of sexual crimes: The secretion of sex hormones in the body increases suddenly during youth, which is a powerful driving force for promoting sexual physiological responses, thereby forming a strong sexual desire.This is an unavoidable fact.Under normal circumstances, some people use masturbation to relieve strong sexual agitation.A small number of young people make their favorite opposite sex virtual objects and their objects of dating, hugging, kissing, and sexual intercourse. This sexual fantasy often leads to sexual excitement, female genital congestion, and secretions during the period of time before falling asleep and after waking up. Increase, men can ejaculate.This is common for unmarried young people, especially older unmarried men and women, and it is also a normal physiological phenomenon.But if you indulge in it, you will become a pervert.If the object of sexual dreams or dreams is people who are often in contact with in life and work, it is easy to induce sexual perversion and even sexual crimes.

Young people will inevitably encounter all kinds of setbacks in the process of love and marriage, such as unrequited love, lovelorn, uncoordinated sexual life, divorce and so on.These setbacks are often not under the control of their own will, and they often cannot get timely and reasonable emotional guidance, which is easy to cause psychological obstacles and even illegal crimes.There was a couple of young men and women who were childhood sweethearts. After graduating from high school, neither of them were admitted to university, and they returned to their hometowns to farm at the same time.This period developed from friendship to love. Two years later, the woman went through tutoring and was admitted to a certain university, but the man was still "facing the loess with his back to the sky". The woman proposed to terminate the relationship, but the man could not resist and was forced to agree.The young men used the pretext of inviting the woman to have a final conversation and forcibly had sex.The woman's lawsuit went to court, and the young man was convicted of rape and jailed.The woman suffered from severe sexual injury and suffered from long-term psychological depression, resulting in sexual and psychological disorders. Although she graduated from university and worked for many years, she was reluctant to interact with men.

There are also a very small number of young women who prefer idleness and dislike work, fearing hardship and fatigue, and making money by selling their bodies to get rich.There are also a small number of young men who can't stand their sexual thirst and go out to prostitutes.Prostitution and whoring lead to the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, which not only harms the family, but also harms the society.

Among married young people, there are also couples who have disharmony in their sex lives. They dare not disclose their sexual needs, are reluctant to publicize their sexual confusion, and do not seek medical treatment for their sexual disorders. This leads to intensified marriage and family conflicts, leading to quarrels between husband and wife, family breakdown, and even family tragedies. .

To sum up, in order to prevent sexual crimes, it is necessary to popularize sexual knowledge, carry out sexual education, eliminate sexual ignorance and ignorance, and enable young people to understand sexual physiology, sexual psychology and sexual moral knowledge.Use rationality to overcome sexual impulses and make sexual behaviors comply with laws, regulations and social ethics.

4.Middle-aged and elderly still need sex education

Sex education is a continuous soul project that runs through the whole process of life.People have generally approved of sex education for teenagers, but it is superfluous to talk about sex education for middle-aged and elderly people.The reason is that everyone has accumulated certain experiences and lessons in their sexual life over the past few decades.Psychological feelings and personal experience of sexual excitement, orgasm, sexual techniques and other sexual responses.In fact, there are sexual differences between middle-aged couples, and the relationship between husband and wife also needs to be adjusted again.Due to physical aging, physiological changes, diseases, etc., the elderly often affect their sex life.Therefore, middle-aged and elderly people still need to receive sex education.Mastering the physiological characteristics of this age stage is of great help to physical and mental health and longevity.

(End of this chapter)