FBI super mind-reading technique: teach you instant insight into people's hearts

Chapter 33 FBI People Reading Technique: Did He Lie (5)
Should, must, must.

This kind of person has strong self-confidence, seems very rational, and is calm, thinking that he can convince the other party and make the other party believe it.In addition, when "should" is said too much, it reflects the mentality of "wavering". People who have held leadership positions for a long time are prone to such spoken words.

Heard, said, listened to.

The reason why such colloquial language is used is the psychological formation of the speaker to leave room for himself.Although this kind of person has a wide range of knowledge, his decision-making power is not enough.Many tactful people, as well as frequent liars, tend to use such colloquial terms, because these words themselves can shirk their responsibility-not what I said, but what I "heard".

Maybe, maybe, maybe.

People who speak this kind of colloquial language have strong self-defense instincts, will not fully expose their inner thoughts, and are calm in dealing with others, so their work and personnel relations are good.This also has the meaning of retreating.When things become clear, they say, "I figured that out."

One lie, a thousand loopholes
Experts in human behavior analysis have concluded through tests that humans are the animals that like to lie the most, and an adult will lie at least 25 times a day on average.The superb IQ and EQ possessed by the human brain allow him to easily control his own language and expressions, and make false information appear like facts in order to deceive others.

one lie ten cover

The process of a lie from birth to disappearance follows an unwritten law, which is called the "law of one to ten".

The so-called "one-to-ten rule" means that after one lie is made, ten lies are needed to cover it up.In fact, in many cases, it takes more than ten lies to cover up a lie, and it may take hundreds, thousands, or even a lifetime to complete the lie. In the end, perhaps the truth of the matter is not covered up.

According to the analysis of causality in Marxist philosophy, everything that has an effect must have a cause.But the birth of lies is very abrupt. Not only is it not based on the facts, but it also distorts the facts and comes out of thin air.Therefore, after a lie is produced, if it wants to continue without being discovered, it needs to be supported by more lies.

In April 2011, when FBI agents were investigating a congressman, they found $4 in the refrigerator at his home.Authorities suspected that the MP was involved in bribery and linked the discovery to a business partnership with a Nigerian company.When the FBI agent asked the congressman where the money came from, the congressman lied that the money was hidden from his salary behind his wife's back.However, the FBI agent immediately took out the details of the member's account entry and exit. The bill showed that the member's salary for the past year had been deposited into the account exactly.Realizing that his lie was about to be exposed, the congressman lied that it was a profit dividend from a fund he entrusted a friend to buy a long time ago.Because it has been a long time, and the friend he mentioned has passed away, he boldly fabricated the time, place, and the type of fund he purchased.

In the eyes of the congressman, the series of lies he fabricated were seamless, but the magic went one step further, and FBI agents quickly exposed his series of lies one by one.This series of lies is precisely to cover up the fact that he accepted bribes, which is completely in line with the "one to ten rule".However, no amount of lies can cover up the truth, because no matter how perfect a lie is, there are loopholes.

Even the perfect lie has loopholes
Everything happens for a reason, and the lies that distort the facts are not supported by the truth. With a little scrutiny, these seemingly perfect lies will be full of loopholes.

Logic is a very rigorous science, interlocking and indispensable.The human brain is inherently rigorous and logical. When we narrate a certain event, we may ignore some details, but we also narrate it according to the logical order of the development of the event, and we will never reverse the order or be inconsistent.But when fabricating a lie, the fabricator ignores other details because he pays too much attention to the result of the lie. When asked to narrate, he temporarily fabricates relevant details because he is confused. These details appear abrupt because they are created out of nothing. And not true.

In 2009, the FBI encountered a very difficult murder case. The victim died in a secret room without witnesses, surveillance records, and the perpetrator did not leave any valuable clues. FBI agents preliminarily judged that the crime was committed by relatives, friends or neighbors. After investigation, Edward, who lives not far away, entered the field of vision of the agents.When detectives asked Edward where he was and what he was doing that day, he insisted he was alone at home watching TV.He told the detective when and what TV series he watched.After investigation by the detectives, there was nothing wrong with what Edward said, his testimony was almost perfect, and no one could point out the falsehood of Edward's testimony. FBI agents are unable to apply for a search warrant.

But when the questioning was coming to an end, an experienced detective asked Edward a seemingly casual question-"Did you find anything unusual while watching TV?" Edward froze for a moment, then shrugged: "There is nothing abnormal." However, it was this seemingly casual question and answer that defeated Edward's well-prepared fortress of lies.

When the detectives questioned other neighbors, three neighbors who were watching TV at home at the time all mentioned that when the incident happened, the TV station suddenly had a 2-minute signal interruption.This phenomenon is mainly due to the explosion of solar flares at that time, which caused the interruption of radio waves.However, Edward said that there was nothing abnormal. Obviously, he did not stay in front of the TV to watch TV during the time of the incident, but did other things.In the end, FBI agents used this as an entry point to expose Edward's almost perfect lie.Therefore, no matter how perfect a lie is, there are loopholes.

brokaw trap

Tom Brokaw is a well-known anchor of the National Broadcasting Company (NBC).He had an excellent performance in catching lies on the program "Today". He said: "Most of the clues I get are verbal, not physical. Looking for signs of lying, I don't look at the other person's face , but grab those unintelligible answers, or excuses that sound plausible."

Paul Ekman affirmed Brokaw's experience in catching lies. He believed that in the process of catching lies, Brokaw's experience was reasonable.In order to cover up flaws and reduce loopholes, liars often talk non-stop, and may also become stuttering and pointing out because of guilt, etc. These are one of the clues to catch lies.However, Paul Ekman believes that not everyone conforms to this experience, and Brokaw ignores individual differences.Some people are articulate in private, but they stutter due to nervousness when they are in front of the crowd or the camera. If they are not good at speech, they will behave more clumsily in front of everyone.According to Brokaw's experience, they are probably lying.Ekman called this situation the Brokaw trap.

To avoid falling into the trap, it is necessary to take individual differences into account and see what the usual behaviors of the person involved are.It is more accurate to compare the usual state of the person involved with the state after being suspected.If a person usually has less trivial movements, but more trivial movements when he is suspected, it proves that he feels nervous and uneasy in his heart. At this time, it can be judged that he has not told the whole truth.But if you don't know this person well, it would be a bit arbitrary to conclude that he is lying based on his trivial actions and reactions when you first meet.

Take the most classic example of playing poker.A certain player coughed loudly at a critical moment, and the other players except his partner thought they had found their password, and they were secretly delighted.At the last minute, the other players upped the stakes, trying to take a big win.That player coughed again at a critical moment. Everyone thought they had an opportunity, but they lost everything in the end.It turned out that the player was lying at the beginning in order to confuse the opponent, and the cough at the end was the real signal.

When meeting and communicating for the first time, you must strive for a longer time, so that you can find out what is a "confusing cough" and what is a "real code cough". Don't think you have seized the opportunity when you hear a cough for the first time .

You know, everyone's performance and mentality are different when they meet someone for the first time.In order to make a good impression on the other party, some people behave more cautiously than usual, and their gestures and gestures are full of stereotypes; some people will appear nervous when they first meet strangers, stuttering, confused logic, and fidgeting.In this way, people's normal behavior and habits are hidden, and there is no way to compare them, so it is impossible to determine whether they are lying or not.

Therefore, to catch lies, it is best to arrange a few more exchanges to make the relationship closer to each other, which helps to understand the other party's daily behavior habits and emotional expressions.

At this time, the importance of micro-expressions is highlighted. Because some expressions cannot be concealed, they will be revealed unconsciously even when they meet for the first time.But there is a problem that cannot be ignored, that is, what is the source of emotion behind the micro-expression.Unable to judge the source, it will not help to expose the lies.On the basis of micro-expressions, the addition of body language, slips of the tongue, and fierce words are three kinds of lie clues, which will make the judgment result more accurate.

Here is an example of a slip of the tongue for reference.This example comes from Freud's research. It is about a doctor who is telling about other people's divorce lawsuits. He said: "In a divorce lawsuit, a nurse was listed as a defendant with her husband. This lawsuit was originally a wife. In the end, 'he' was allowed to divorce." The doctor mistook "she" for "he", which was not a simple slip of the tongue.We need to first figure out the legal background at the time.At that time, adultery was the only legal ground to apply to the courts for divorce, by the betrayed party.The result of this kind of lawsuit is usually that the plaintiff wins and receives a large amount of alimony.It was revealed from the doctor's slip of the tongue that the husband in this lawsuit is himself.From the bottom of his heart, he hoped that he would file for divorce and win the case, and he also hoped that he would get a substantial amount of alimony.

Slips of the tongue, like micro-expressions, must have meaning as long as they appear.

Let's talk about body language.In the American TV series "Lie to me" (Lie to me), there is such an episode: a female teacher was killed, and the FBI suspected that it was a boy who had a long-term crush on the female teacher and peeped at the female teacher, and immediately imprisoned him.But after Dr. Carl Letterman's analysis, the boy was not the murderer, because he found a photo by accident.The murdered female teacher was photographed standing at the window of a car, appearing to be talking to someone inside.But because of the angle, the female teacher just blocked the driver's face.The female teacher leaned forward, holding the car window with her left hand, drooping her right hand and raising her palm at ninety degrees to her wrist.It was the movement of the right hand that gave Dr. Letterman an idea.Restoring the movement of the female teacher to the raised arm is a classic forbidden movement.Traffic police use this gesture when signaling to stop.In daily life, this gesture means "stop, stop talking" and is often used in quarrels.Dr. Letterman believes the female teacher was arguing with the people in the car.According to this clue, Dr. Letterman found the owner of the car and finally solved the case.

But still the same sentence, it is impossible to draw a conclusion based on body language alone, and it needs to combine individual differences and communication backgrounds.To avoid falling into Brokaw's trap, it's best to combine the four clues of lying: microexpressions, body language, slips of the tongue, and violent words.

Othello fallacy

In the process of catching lies, in addition to falling into Brokaw's trap, people are also prone to Othello's fallacy, which is to mistake the truth for a lie.

You may encounter this kind of situation: someone leaks company secrets, and the superiors launch a comprehensive investigation. Everyone who has contacted with this secret will be questioned, and you are one of them.When you are called to the office and face several leaders and the staff of the relevant investigation department, you will feel nervous. Although you are telling the truth, you are panicked and fearful because you are afraid of being wronged.If the investigator can't tell if your fear is about lying or about being wronged, there is a real possibility that you will be wronged.If you happen to have done something wrong before, then being interrogated this time will naturally arouse your guilt and guilt for doing something wrong, which is similar to the guilt caused by lying.Or, the arousal that comes with your haste to defend yourself in the process of defending yourself may be interpreted as arousal when you are lying.It can be seen from this that whether it is a person who tells the truth or a person who tells a lie, when they are suspected and interrogated, many emotions are the same, such as disgust, surprise, fear, frustration, etc.

Nowhere is this situation better illustrated than in Othello, which is why Ekman defines this error as the Othello fallacy.

Othello suspected that Desdemona had an improper relationship with Cassio, so he questioned her and said that he would kill Cassio.Desdemona asked to call Cassio to confront him and clarify the facts, but Othello said that he had killed Cassio.Desdemona lost her only chance to justify herself, and she was terrified, depressed, painful, and desperate.She knew she couldn't live, so she cried and begged Othello not to kill her.Othello mistakenly believes that Desdemona is sad because of Cassio's death, angrier and more convinced that there is an ambiguous relationship between them.Othello does not know that even honest people will show the same fear, pain and despair as lying when faced with sudden doubts.He naturally didn't know that Desdemona was not crying because of Cassio's death, but was crying because of her own life, and because of Othello's distrust.

The reason why Othello regards the truth as a lie is because he already has a judgment in his heart that Desdemona is unfaithful.Questioning with prejudice, no matter how the other party behaves, he will think that the other party is covering up for a lie.Therefore, in the process of catching lies, we must abandon prejudices, not preconceived ideas, and keep a clear mind and objectivity.

Even if a person is not jealous or jealous, he will commit the Othello fallacy when faced with confusion, and if someone stirs up the flames, it will be even more difficult to be objective.We are told that lovers go out to dinner with so-and-so and are intimate.Before that, I learned that the relationship between the two of them is very good, and they have a tacit understanding at work.At this time, we will be confused, why are they so tacit?It turned out that the relationship was not normal.We ask and answer ourselves, thinking we have found the answer, and have no thought of seeking proof at all, and we directly regard it as evidence, so we become angry.Once angry, other emotions follow, disgust, sadness, hopelessness, all of which prevent us from seeing the truth.

There is also a situation where we have prejudices against someone, such as his usual behavior and misconduct.So when something bad happens, we can't help but think that he did it.This bias is very likely to fall into the Othello fallacy.

The best way to avoid Othello's fallacy is to distinguish between the emotion of lying and the emotion of being suspicious.

Skillful "tongue" like a spring

When people are nervous, their lips will be dry, and then they will lick their lips with their tongues to relieve dryness and appease inner anxiety.But nervousness isn't just about lying, it's also when people feel suspicious.Therefore, the tongue cannot be used to judge whether the other party is lying.

The role of the tongue is not obvious in microexpressions, but if combined with other microexpressions, tongue changes are also worth mentioning.When a lie is exposed, people will feel great pressure, resulting in sweating, flushed face, dry lips, etc. Licking lips is a good medicine to relieve tension.

A person who claimed to have worked as a middle-level manager in a Fortune 500 company applied for a job in a medium-sized company. The interviewer asked him why he left such a good job.He said that because the concept did not match the company, he decided to leave and seek a better platform for development.The interviewer told him that the company already had some basic information about him, including the real reason for his resignation.At this point he began to fidget, accompanied by a fleeting look of surprise.He licked his lips quickly and began to defend himself.It turns out that he was fired for leaking company secrets to competitors. The surprised expression means that he did not expect the interviewer of a medium-sized company to know this. The licking of his lips means that he is nervous at the moment and longs to get out of the embarrassing situation quickly come out.

Of course, tongue changes alone do not constitute proof of lying.Let's look at this case again:
Candidates often feel nervous when facing a major exam.When the answering time is about to end, but there are still some questions that have not been answered, sweating, cold hands, shortness of breath, and even dizziness will occur.At this time, the tongue wants to contribute a little force to relieve the tension, so there is an action of licking the lips.

In addition to licking the lips, the tongue also occasionally exposes the tip of the tongue, which is what we often call tongue sticking out.When we say wrong words in public, we will stick out our tongues. This is not only to relieve tension, but also to make the brain want to spit out those wrong words.People sometimes show their tongues when they are surprised by something, such as not expecting to win an award.We may find this kind of situation in the live broadcast of the awards show. When an artist wins the Best Actress Award, in addition to widening her eyes and expressing surprise, she will also stick out her tongue cutely.Of course, this situation is not common, and not all tongue sticking out represents tension or excitement, such as children sticking out their tongues when making faces, and habitually sticking out their tongues.Some athletes, such as basketball players or football players, will stick out their tongues when they concede a ball or score a goal. Some are a show of personality and become their signature action. Appear.Jordan will have a slight tongue sticking performance when dunking, which is a performance of his high concentration.

Although the change of the tongue is not like other micro-expressions that can help to expose lies, it can at least represent the current mental state of the person involved and provide auxiliary clues for other micro-expressions.However, it should be noted that judging the meaning of the tongue should be combined with the actual situation, the personality and behavior habits of the person concerned.Judging only by the details of a certain expression may be wrong.

(End of this chapter)