Endless journey through the dimension

In the early days of Arthur's reign, the young king showed a strong dependence on Merlin.Britain ushered in unprecedented unity and strength.He helped the poor and the weak and built a prosperous kingdom.

The sword in the stone that Arthur drew when he was young when he chose the king was broken after a fight against the spirit of chivalry during a duel with the king pellinore. King Arthur who lost the holy sword was very regretful.So the great magician Merlin guided him to the holy lake. The fairy in the lake held a sword in her hand and lifted it out of the water.The king rowed to the lake. He got the holy sword excalibur called "the sword of the king" from the fairy of the lake. This sword was made by the elves in Avalon. The sword was made of gold and the hilt. It is inlaid with precious stones, and because its sharp blade cuts iron like mud, the lady of the lake is named after "excalibur" (meaning "broken steel" in ancient Celtic).

Merlin once asked King Arthur, "Which one do you prefer the sword body and scabbard?"

King Arthur replied: "The blade is because it is extremely sharp."

Merlin said: "You have to know that the value of the scabbard is ten times that of the sword body. The scabbard who wears the king's sword will never bleed, so you must protect the scabbard and carry it with you."

Glorious times

Since the first century AD, Britain has long been under the oppression of the Roman Empire.Later, the Saxons, a Germanic group, invaded, burned, killed and looted. King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table led the British people to revolt, and finally successfully repelled the Saxon invasion from the north through twelve battles.In the battle at the Battle of Barton Mountain, they defeated the enemy in one fell swoop and expelled all foreign invaders from Britain.During this period, the Knights of the Round Table became an important part of the kingdom.

King Arthur

Legend has it that King Arthur’s knights once reached 150 at most. The knights charged on the battlefield and discussed domestic affairs at the round table.Although they will also form some factions because of their political views or conflicting views, only at the round table is there no difference in status or distinction between monarchs and ministers. Everyone is allowed to speak freely.Many legends have occurred on this legendary round table, including the search for the Holy Grail.

King Arthur married the beautiful and beautiful Guinvia as queen.But like his father, King Usher, King Arthur also has illegitimate children. His lover is a half-sister Morgan, but unlike his father King Usher, King Arthur did not intend to cheat. Morgan used a drug. It made King Arthur see her as Guinivia, and when King Arthur came to his senses, he felt guilty for Guinivia.Although King Arthur only spent one night with Morgan, Morgan got his wish and got a child with King Arthur's blood. It happened that Guinevera happened to witness all this, and because of this, the subsequent affair with Lancelot happened.The biological mother of this illegitimate child is Morgan, and King Arthur and the child are both uncles and nephews as well as father and son. This illegitimate child is Mordred who later rebelled and eventually brought the kingdom to destruction.

In the "Death of King Arthur" written by the British writer Malory around the 15th century, over time, King Arthur's territory continued to expand, and he even advanced into the European interior and defeated the powerful Roman Emperor Lucius.Malory’s King Arthur declared war on Lucius the Great, and refused the request for tribute. He led his army to Europe, killed the giant at Miyama, and defeated the imperial ruler in Rome.This is the most glorious period in the legendary career of King Arthur.

After that, King Arthur's interest began to shift to finding the legendary treasure.The knights under him, either out of order or voluntary, left the capital city of Carmelo to find the legendary Holy Grail. Most of these people have never returned.In this way, there were fewer and fewer knights on the round table, and the powerful empire began to decline.

Betrayed

Mixed with the trust in Lancelot and the desire for revenge on King Arthur, Guinevera finally began to have a platonic relationship with Lancelot.Although Guinevera later learned the truth of the matter in the monastery and regretted it, the love affair between her and Lancelot still brought disaster to King Arthur as predicted.

Soon, the affair between Lancelot, an excellent knight of King Arthur, and the beautiful Queen Guinvia, was learned by King Arthur.Legend has it that Lancelot was raised by fairies in the lake, so it was also called the "Knight on the Lake".King Arthur trusted Lancelot so much that he became the guard responsible for protecting the queen's safety and reputation.King Arthur felt very angry when he learned of the affair between Lancelot and Guinivia, but because Lancelot and Guinivia had always been in a platonic spiritual relationship, King Arthur could not punish them .However, King Arthur never showed any abnormality after this, and even turned a blind eye to the affair between Lancelot and Guinivia, so that Lancelot and Guinivia did not Knowing that King Arthur has learned about them.

Although King Arthur could not deal with them, and did not intend to punish them, Lancelot's behavior has caused dissatisfaction with many knights, so Gawain and Mordred secretly led 13 knights into the palace of the queen. The two people who were in the tryst were caught.Lancelot fought hard and escaped, while Guinvia was taken to King Arthur. Although King Arthur wanted to forgive Guinvia, under the condemnation of the knights, due to the king's majesty, she had no choice but to do nothing. Put Guinivia to fire.However, Lancelot and his comrades in love with the queen raided the execution ground and robbed Guinivia abruptly. The two crossed the sea to escape to France.

Although after the Pope’s mediation, due to the knight’s honor, Lancelot returned Guinvia. Guinvia finally realized that his existence had brought disaster to King Arthur and the country, so she became a nun. .But the story does not end here.Another famous knight of the round table, King Arthur's nephew Gawain, his brother was killed by Lancelot when he prevented Lancelot from taking Guinvia, so he resented Lancelot.In the end, the brooding King Arthur decided to conquer France himself.

Death of King Arthur

It was this conquest of Lancelot that gave Mordred a good opportunity to usurp the throne.King Arthur, who conquered France, left Mordred to manage the kingdom.Mordred realized that this was a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, so he spread rumors throughout the city that the king had died in battle, and wanted to marry Guinvia.After King Arthur heard the news, he hurried back to Britain. When the two sides were engaged in countermeasures and peace talks, a snake crept up on a knight. The knight drew his sword and wanted to cut the snake off, thus confirming that a bloody war broke out. .

Before the Battle of Camran in Mordred, King Arthur went to the nun’s house where Guinivia was located and invited Guinivia, hoping that she could become his queen again after he returned from the campaign. Nivea cried and agreed, but in the end the agreement was not fulfilled.

In the Battle of Kamran, the troops on both sides shed blood and wounded both sides.King Arthur finally killed Mordred with a spear, and he was also fatally hit by Mordred.Most of the Knights of the Round Table died, and only one knight Bediwell was left.

King Arthur asked Bediwell to throw the holy sword excalibur into the lake. Bediwell knew that abandoning the sword of the king meant that the king would pass away; he failed to make up his mind when he went to the lake twice and went back to lie to King Arthur that the sword had been thrown into the lake. .But they were all seen through by Arthur for failing to correctly describe the scene of the sword being recovered by the demon girl in the lake.For the third time, Bediwell finally set his heart to throw the sword of the king towards the middle of the lake. At this time, a woman's hand was stretched out from the lake to catch the hilt, and then he sank into the lake.After listening to Bediwell's report, Arthur passed away.His epitaph is: "hic jacet arthurusrex quondam rexque futurus (the eternal king Arthur sleeps here)."

More documents about the legend of King Arthur tells that it is said that the dying King Arthur was carried to Avalon in a boat by several mysterious fairies. Legend has it that he was finally buried there, and the people believed that King Arthur was not dead and he would come back to save again. The world.Subsequently, the knight Bediwell also left the battlefield to live in seclusion to a very remote monastery, where he spent the rest of his life.

After Guinvia learned the news of King Arthur's departure, she decided to spend her entire life in the monastery to confess, pray and help the poor.Later, the infatuated Lancelot returned to England to continue pursuing Guinivia. However, the queen was already a nun and refused to see him no matter how much Lancelot begged. The desperate Lancelot eventually became a monk and became a monk. Shi, the two never met again.In this battle, everyone is a loser.After this battle, the legend of King Arthur ended.

Character research

Regarding the legendary story of King Arthur, it is impossible to find out how it was born and where it came from.Whether King Arthur is a fictional character based on a certain historical figure is not known.If the character of King Arthur does exist, historians presume that he lived in about 500 AD, during which it was a period of about 50 years (in accordance with known versions of King Arthur).

Around 600 AD, the name "Arthur" first appeared in a poem titled "Golduoding".This poem was written by a Welsh bard and is the first written record of mentioning "Arthur".

A collection of Welsh stories, Mabinogion, contains several ancient tales about the legend of Arthur. Among them, "Culwich and Olwin" dating back to the middle of the 11th century is the earliest story about King Arthur in Wales.The story is composed of several traditional folk tales about the love between Kurwich and the giant girl Olwin.In this story, Arthur is not the central figure in the story, but several important figures in the "Legend of Arthur" appear for the first time.

The "Legend of Arthur" has always been the pride of the British and made them remember the glory of the past.The story of King Arthur and his followers, the Knights of the Round Table, is widely circulated in Western Europe.In some Irish legends, there are many deeds about him. For example, King Arthur once wisely fought against the Fiona Knights, that is, the "Fenria Warriors", the legendary Irish battle group composed of a group of outstanding warriors) leader Finn McCool Hunting dogs, hunt and kill ferocious beasts and lions, kill giants, wizards, etc.As the leader of the group, he led the knights from birth to death, and smashed the world. In this regard, he has many similarities with Finn McCull.

Around 800 AD, a Welsh monk wrote a book "History of the Burlingtons". The name "Arthur" was first recorded in the book, describing his leadership of the Welsh people against the Saxons who invaded from the middle reaches of the Thames."Arthur" was mentioned twice in the "Welsh Yearbook" written by Welsh monks around 950 AD.

In the 12th century, the "Legend of Arthur" became popular in Europe due to the works of Jeffrey of Monmouth.He collected stories about "Arthur" circulating in various places, and compiled "History of British Kings".This book includes details of Arthur's life experience, the rebellion of Mordred, the illegitimate son, Queen Guinivia's derailment, and the convalescence of Avalon in Wonderland after Arthur's death.In his pen, the magician Merlin has become a new role in the "Legend of Arthur", but the Knights of the Round Table and Lancelot have not yet appeared.

French poet Chretien de Troya took the fantasy elements from Celtic legends and added the theme of the Holy Grail to create five Arthurian legends.The deeds of the round table warriors such as Lancelot and Parsifah became the center of gravity, while King Arthur became a supporting role.People such as Gas, Reameng and others have written stories about the grail.

Among the books and stories about Arthur, perhaps the most commendable is "The Death of King Arthur" written by British writer Mallory.This book was written around 1470 and was printed by British printer William Caxton in 1485. He hoped that readers would learn precious lessons from the honor and style of the Arthurian era.The large number of printings of this book has an unignorable influence on the legend of King Arthur.Malory once claimed to be translated from a French work, but the exact bibliography is still not available.

cause of death

According to Marlowe’s "Death of King Arthur" at the end of the Middle Ages, Lancelot betrayed the tragedy of affair between King Arthur and Queen Guinvia. During the search for the Holy Grail, he stopped his full affection, but returned to the court with Guinvia. After the reunion, this love turned into a raging fire. Although Guinivia and Lancelot had deliberately kept a distance, for various reasons, they eventually had an affair.Everyone was aware of it, but according to the Christian moral standards at the time, men were not allowed to be jealous of their lover's "spiritual affair", so King Arthur could not publicly execute Lancelot.

However, Lancelot's behavior has caused dissatisfaction among many knights, so Gawain and Mordred secretly led 13 knights into the queen's palace and caught the two who were in the tryst.Lancelot fought hard and escaped. The queen was taken to King Arthur. Although King Arthur wanted to forgive Guinvia, under the condemnation of the knights, due to the king’s majesty, King Arthur ordered Guinvia He was tortured by fire, and the infatuated Lancelot and his comrades attacked the execution ground and robbed Guinivia abruptly.However, Arthur's most loyal knight, Gawain, was killed by Lancelot when he prevented Lancelot from taking Guinivia, and the grieving King Arthur finally conquered France and conquered Lancelot.

Mordred took the opportunity of Arthur's expedition to usurp the throne and threatened to marry Guinvia as his wife.Arthur hurried back to his country and started a fierce father-son battle.

King Arthur’s spear stabs Mordred behind the shield forcefully and penetrates the latter’s body. Mordred realizes that he has received a fatal blow, and with all his strength, he resists Arthur’s spear handle with both hands. Holding the sword, stab the father king Arthur's head, the helmet and the head cover were cut off by the sword.Mordred fell to the ground and died, and Arthur fainted, sometimes sober and sometimes unconscious.

Under King Arthur's order, the Excalibur was thrown back into the lake, and King Arthur took a boat to Avalon for healing.Legend has it that one day he will return to save his people.After Guinvia learned the news of King Arthur's departure, she decided to spend her entire life in the monastery to confess, pray and help the poor.

Historical facts

The legend of King Arthur was introduced in the twelfth century AD by bards who traveled through Europe, but first we need to study it from Wales in western Britain.The Norman conquest of England in 1066 was one of the most important changes in the history of England. The story of King Arthur began to circulate on this changed land. In Jeffrey’s record, King Arthur was the 91st King of Britain in England. And Jeffrey wrote the new character Merlin into the story of King Arthur in the record. As for Merlin's origin, it can be traced back to the famous Welsh bard Milding.

However, Arthur’s image continued to change with the evolution of the legend, and finally evolved into the king of Britain, and became the leader of the "Knights of the Round Table" that collected legendary knights such as Lancelot and Tristan. A hero with the highest honor.

The sword of the king and the sword in the stone are the kingship symbols of King Arthur's supremacy. Wearing this sword of the king with the magical power of the elves, the knights bow their heads, not only establish his own throne, but also triumphantly in many battles.

The historical factuality of the legend of King Arthur has been debated by scholars.Some schools believe that King Arthur does not exist in history, and some of them believe that King Arthur is an almost forgotten personification of a god in Celtic mythology.Scholars who support this theory often associate it with Welsh etymology. They propose that the bear god is commonly called "artos" or "artio" in legends.However, as far as we know, these gods are worshiped by Celts in continental Europe, not by Britons.

Another view is that Arthur is a real person.Although some theories suggest that he is a Roman or pre-Roman figure, according to most theories, and in line with the collection of traditional myths, he was a Roman-British who lived in the late 5th to early 6th century AD and resisted the Anglo-Saxon invaders leader.Recent archaeological studies have pointed out that during his hypothetical life period, the Saxons had a dating.His power is likely to be rooted in Wales, Cornwall or the Celtic region of western England.

However, the debate about the center and scope of his power and what powers he possesses continues to this day.The most famous figures in this view, Jeffrey Ashe and Leon Fleurion, advocated the identification of Arthur as riothamus, the "king of brettones," a man who was active during the reign of the Roman Emperor Antemius character.Unfortunately, riothamus is a shadowy figure that we know very little about.Others of them advocated that Arthur should be identified as Ambrosius Aurelius, a Roman-British war leader who won an important battle against the Saxons, but according to legend, this person was active for more time Somehow Basse came early.As a result, some people argue that Arthur is the adjutant of ambrosius thus and may succeed him as the leader.According to medieval legend, he was a 6th-century warrior who championed Christianity and led the British tribes to defeat the Saxon invaders. He died in the Battle of Camran around 539 and was buried in Glastonbury.There is a saying that King Arthur was betrayed by his subordinates, the throne was usurped, and finally died in depression.

Holy Land Relics

Avalon

Avalon is an important island in the legend of King Arthur. It is generally believed that it should be Glastonsburg in the southwest of England today.

Another argument is: Avalon is the hometown of Lady on the Lake.

According to legend, Avalon is surrounded by swamps and mists and can only be reached by boat.In the legend of King Arthur, Avalon symbolizes the afterlife and the place behind him.After King Arthur's death, his half-sister Morgan transported his body in a boat and buried it here.

Regarding the etymology of avalon, there is a theory that it is the Anglicization of the Celtic word "annwyn", and annwyn means the fairy land or the underworld.The British chronicler, Jeffrey of Monmouth, thinks that Avalon means Apple Island.Considering that to this day, the word apple is still spelled afal in Breton and Cornish, and aval in Welsh, Jeffrey’s statement seems more credible.

Glastonbury is also called "ynis witrin" in Celtic, which means glass island.Feng Xiang published a new book on the theme of the legend of King Arthur in 2003, that is, "Glass Island" as the title.You may still be confused as to why an island is named after glass.An interesting explanation is that the ancient glass mirror was made of polished bronze, while glastonbury is green and green, and the color is concrete, hence the name.

Saber

King Arthur's saber-the sword of the king (excalibur), it is worth noting that there are many less professional translations of this sword as the sword in the stone, which is incorrect.

The sword in the stone, the sword of the king drawn by Arthur.One said that it is the prototype caliburn of excalibur.The "History of British Kings" records caliburn that King Arthur used this sword to kill 470 Saxon soldiers who attacked him in one battle.

The King's Sword is a magic holy sword that appeared in the legend of King Arthur. It can be regarded as the beginning of the famous sword tradition among the later generations of knights.

In the legend of King Arthur, Arthur, who drew the sword in the stone and became king, broke the sword in the stone when he confronted the king pellinore. The cause of this battle was that when Arthur visited a castle, the castle owner Annoure saw walking towards the castle. Sir Pellinore, asked King Arthur for protection.In fact sir pellinore was also teased by annoure and came to confront King Arthur.This battle was considered a violation of chivalry and became the cause of the broken sword in the stone.Later, under the guidance of Mei Lin, he obtained the sword of the king from the hands of the lady in the lake.The sword of the king was made in the elven kingdom of Avalon. The sword is made of gold and the hilt is inlaid with gems. Because of its sharp blade, the lady in the lake uses excalibur (that is, the ancient Celtic language) "Broken Steel" means) named it.Merlin warned Arthur at this time: "Although the king's sword is powerful, its scabbard is more precious than its sword. The scabbard wearing the king's sword will never bleed, and you must not lose it."

But later King Arthur still lost the scabbard, so even though he had a sword that was cut as iron as mud, he was eventually killed by the traitor knight Mordred.The sword of the king was finally thrown back into the lake by the sir bedivere under King Arthur's instructions, and returned to the elven kingdom of Avalon together with King Arthur.

Holy grail