From the prototype, immortal

This question is far from being that simple. As genomics has developed to this day, the discussions and controversies surrounding it, from structural and functional genomics to life evolution, to philosophy, and even to the division of academic resources and political territory, can write a very interesting story.

Existence is reasonable.

That's right.

But is existence useful? For example, our appendix and wisdom teeth are not very useful, but they are quite troublesome. They are more relics left over from the process of human evolution, and are by no means treasures.

The 98.5% non-coding sequences in the human genome should also be viewed dialectically.

As early as the 1960s and 1970s, people began to call non-coding sequences "junk DNA".

However, people soon discovered that many non-coding sequences are closely related to gene transcription regulation.

Garbage is not garbage, and life is by no means only the central dogma.

So what good things are there in non-coding sequences? Classic non-coding DNA elements in textbooks, such as promoters and enhancers, mobile genetic factors, and small RNAs with biological activity.

In the early days of molecular biology, scientists designed exquisite biochemical experiments to peek into the black box of life, which really made the young people applaud!

Chang Wei's eyes glowed scarlet.

This is a model of a large-scale global cooperative scientific research project and a pioneer of biological big data.

But he felt that most of the knowledge might just be accumulated in his mind, rather than colliding with each other to inspire sparks of inspiration.

Elizabeth Pennisi, a critic for Science magazine, concluded: "This week, thirty papers were published in journals such as Nature and Science, announcing the death of the theory of junk DNA. The ENCODE project has found that 80% of the human genome is useful."

"The nuclear bomb has been... started, you madman..."

He can now accelerate himself to supersonic speed in a short period of time using the same flight principle as a jet fighter, and because of its size and its own "material strength", the fighter cannot break through the higher Mach of the thermal barrier, but Chang Wei can do it.

The speed of the nuclear bomb explosion cannot keep up with his speed, so...what is there to fear?

"I don't want to break my bottom line. After all, I'm different from Alex's virus. If you don't tell me..."

"Jason Green... The location is Vandenberg Air Force Base, but it's a military secret."

Chang Wei was holding a struggling guy in his hand. That was General Randall, the supreme commander of Black Watch!

"General, do you know where this base is?"

It's a pity that there was no CRISPR at that time, otherwise it would be very suitable to detect the function of genomic regions (whether coding or non-coding) (Canver et al., 2017).

What a joke, a wise man of an era wants to surpass the accumulation of a civilization and find the ultimate answer. How ridiculous is that?

Chang Wei didn't think he was a genius at all, and he had inspiration comparable to Einstein. If we talk about the accumulation of knowledge, Chang Wei is not lacking.

General Randall didn't piss his pants or beg for mercy. After Chang Wei slightly loosened his fingers so that he could recover from suffocation, his first sentence was this.

Even the super soldier was crushed to pieces by Chang Wei's punch. What surprised him even more was, how did Chang Wei know this name, Doctor? But wasn't Doctor already...

"It's very difficult to step over an ant without killing it, General."

Now people have begun to follow up.

Randall never expected that Chang Wei would suddenly appear and kill his defense in seconds. The Black Watch soldiers in front of him seemed to be ants that could be crushed to death at will, and then they were really crushed to death.

Of course, there were also many rebuttals or even targeted remarks later. Chang Wei did not dare to make a rash judgment because of his insufficient knowledge.

In this new century where high throughput and big data are king, the main force of non-coding DNA research is undoubtedly the ENCODE project.

In 2012, the research results of ENCODE erupted in a concentrated manner.

Chang Wei was a little disappointed. He knew that the nuclear bomb had been launched and it was impossible to save it, but he didn't care.

"Swelling yourself up like a pufferfish sometimes only attracts predators more. Besides, who told you that a nuclear bomb can destroy me?"

Dozens of scientific research teams around the world use the latest high-throughput experimental methods to systematically and comprehensively scan the biological activity of all non-coding DNA in various tissues of humans and other organisms.

The methods they use include ChIP-seq (detecting the interaction between chromatin and protein), RNA-seq (sequencing all RNA molecules in the cell as a whole), DNase-seq (sequencing the areas on chromatin that are sensitive to DNA enzymes, that is, the areas with looser and more exposed structures), and so on.

Chang Wei said.

Chang Wei asked with a smile.

"You...you...nuclear bomb..."

General Randall looked like he was ready to die.

"Then I can only let the hunter tear you apart and eat you first, and then I will eat the hunter."

General Randall's eyes widened. No, shouldn't you give me a quick death?