From University Lecturer to Chief Academician

Journal of Physics: Cosmos and Microphysics.

Title of the paper: "Analysis of Decay and Undiscovered Particles".

Authors: Wang Hao, Paul Phil-Jones.

After briefly reviewing the content of the paper, Ledley Parsons felt that his heart was filled with a combination of 'grievance', 'depression', and 'anger'.

A scholar, of course, has research freedom.

For the study of physical theory, there is no limitation on the field of scholars, but because the basic definition of annihilation theory conflicts with string theory, the two theories can be said to be in a semi-contradictory nature.

In the eyes of scholars of string theory, scholars who study annihilation theory are 'heretics'.

Academic "heretics" will certainly not have any other influence, but in the academic circle of string theory, first studying string theory and then switching to annihilation theory, it will be considered an absolute betrayal.

In the academic circle of string theory, Ridley Parsons' reputation can be described as "bad street".

Not to mention other colleges and universities, even at Florida State University, some people said he was a 'traitor' and a 'little man'.

Some students also believe that there is no respect for academics, and it is completely a betrayal of their previous beliefs for funds.

Ledley Parsons didn't feel much before, and turning to an opposite direction would naturally have an impact, but now he just feels very wronged and very angry.

He felt aggrieved that he was not the only one, the famous Paul Phil-Jones also turned to study the theory of annihilation.

He was angry that Paul Phil-Jones went to study the theory of annihilation!

Ledley Parsons has a feeling of collapse of faith. From the bottom of his heart, he feels that Paul Phil Jones is not at the same level as himself.

Paul Phil-Jones, a genius of string theory, is a representative figure of the younger generation in the academic circle of string theory.

In Ledley-Parsons' heart, Paul Phil-Jones is the "pure white lotus" among scholars engaged in string theory research. He devoted himself wholeheartedly to the study of string theory. No one else can keep up with him.

It is not surprising that Paul Phil Jones can reach the height of Edward Witten in the future. He is the kind of person who is truly gifted and talented.

In addition, Ledley-Parsons also believes that it is precisely because he has no talent or talent that he turns to the research of annihilation theory to "cheat" more funds to pay for going to bars to find girls.

Paul Phil-Jones doesn't have to do this at all. He has always insisted on the research of string theory, and the school will give him enough financial support.

As a result, Paul Phil-Jones also went to study the annihilation theory, and moreover, he did research with Wang Hao, the founder of the annihilation theory, and made great achievements and published them.

This is so infuriating!

Ledley Parsons gritted his teeth thinking about it, "It turns out that Paul is the biggest traitor!"

"I'm only doing it for money, but he is an absolute betrayal, a betrayal in behavior and heart!"

"Last time, he also said that he was determined to study and find out the problem of annihilation theory, so he went to China to study together?"

"It's shameful!"

After Ledley Parsons confirmed the content of the paper, he immediately sent a Tweet message--

"Look, who is the traitor!"

Attached below is a picture with key information from the journal Cosmology and Microphysics, Resolved Decay and Undiscovered Particles, and author Paul Phil-Jones.

...

Ledley Parsons still has a certain influence. He is a full professor at Florida State University and is well-known in the academic circle of string theory.

It is precisely because of this that he is considered a 'traitor', otherwise, if an unknown scholar changes his research direction, it will not have any impact.

Many string theory scholars have seen the news released by Ledley Parsons.

They feel incredible.

After carefully reviewing the content of the paper, they also understood why Ledley Parsons said that.

Paul Phil Jones!

That guy who is super obsessed with string theory turned to study annihilation theory, and has some results?

This is definitely a major blow to the string theory camp!

If the camp in the field of string theory is compared to an army, then Edward Witten of Princeton University is the commander-in-chief of the army, and Paul Phil Jones is a young general who has made many achievements and is regarded by many as the future commander-in-chief. Commander's successor.

As a result, the "successor-in-chief" suddenly surrendered to the enemy, and made great contributions in a battle.

For a while, string theory scholars were silent.

None of them knew what to say, and the only thing they could do was to give a thumbs up to the tweet sent by Ledley Parsons, and then silently check the paper.

Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton University.

Edward Witten had the same reaction as other string theory scholars. He also noticed the message sent by Ledley Parsons, and then went to check the content of the paper, and his heart suddenly became very complicated.

He was mainly depressed by the new research content, and he studied string theory all his life, and even developed string theory to the recognized "grand unification" theory. As a result, a new theory that was opposed to string theory emerged.

This new theory is not just a theory, but can also make predictions in advance in connection with experiments.

Edward Witten took a general look at the content, and basically confirmed the argumentation process. Wang Hao and Paul Phil-Jones studied together, and the rigor of the argumentation need not be questioned.

The part related to the annihilation theory is still the basic definition of annihilation force.

Edward Witten could easily understand the core content at the very beginning of the mathematics part - the dimension of the annihilation force is higher than the other three microcosmic forces.

Some subsequent mathematical systems have conflicts with string theory research.

If the final experiment proves that the conclusion is correct, it can be explained to a certain extent that the annihilation force is likely to exist.

Although the "missing data" of the last particle collision experiment and the new particles analyzed now are only side demonstrations of the annihilation force, they are all based on the assumption of the existence of the annihilation force, and give a basic definition of the annihilation force. If the experimental verification can be predicted continuously, more times will naturally prove that the annihilation force is real.

That's the problem.

The fundamental definition of annihilation theory is partly in conflict with string theory.

If the annihilation force is proved to be real, wouldn't it prove that string theory is wrong in reverse?

Engaged in the research of string theory all his life, the string theory was proved to be wrong by others, Edward Witten's mood can be imagined.

With a long sigh, he found a handwritten letter from the drawer.

This letter is from Paul Phil Jones, written before he went to China.

Edward Witten opened the letter and saw it read, "Dear Mr. Witten,

String theory has ushered in the biggest crisis in decades, and annihilation theory is the biggest challenge of string theory.

So I decided to go to Xihai University to study annihilation theory.

In the process of learning Chinese, I learned that there is a saying that is very philosophical, 'Know yourself and know your enemy, and you will win every battle', which means that you must understand your enemy to defeat the enemy.

Only by studying the theory of annihilation can we find out the problems of the theory of annihilation..."

Looking at the content of the letter, Edward Witten couldn't help but nodded, thinking, "Could it be that this is Paul's method? There are research results, and they are announced..."

"Then, the experiment will prove that there is no discovery? At that time, the research will be wrong, and the high-dimensional definition of annihilation force will naturally be wrong."

"Analyze further, maybe other definitions are wrong, and the explanation that replaces it with string theory makes sense..."

Although I feel that the inference is a bit unreliable, Edward Witten still has some expectations.

Because he believed in Paul Phil Jones.

Paul Phil Jones is as enthusiastic about string theory as he was when he was young!

...

But Edward Witten is not the only one concerned with experimental verification.

When the paper was actually published, it was noticed by many people. "Cosmos and Microphysics" is the top academic journal of quantum physics, and the number of orders in the field is still very large. Combined with the reputation of Wang Hao and Paul Phil-Jones , naturally attracts more attention.

Research papers are not purely mathematical demonstrations, but are linked to experimental problems.

Whether there are new particles in the "183GeV-187GeV" energy range can be researched and proved, and soon some professionals began to search for past experimental reports.

Regarding the "183GeV-187GeV" energy range, there have been two relevant reports in the past, and one seems to be the latest report, saying that "there are numerical signal fluctuations in the range of 178-195 GeV".

The other report was eight years ago, saying that there were abnormal numerical fluctuations around '182GeV', but the 'judgment' given was 'caused by experimental errors'.

Putting the two information together, it is still difficult to attract attention under normal circumstances, because there are many reports with similar energy points.

In particle collision experiments, subtle anomalies abound, most of which are just statistical data fluctuations caused by the large number of events generated and recorded by the experiment.

In this case, many random anomalies disappear when more data is collected.

However, when it comes to the research conducted by Wang Hao and Paul Phil-Jones, the feeling is different.

Several professional teams in CERN have begun to seriously analyze the data in the energy range of "183GeV-187GeV" in past experiments.

For example, Gessner Rainier.

When Gessner-Rainier saw the latest research paper, he just felt very stupid, because he always knew that in the last week, Didier-Mayor's team was doing intensive experimental data screening In the analysis work, a large number of experimental raw data are also used.

Plus, he knew the opposing team was looking for new particles.

When he knew the news, Gesner Rainier didn't take it seriously at all, because he looked down on Didier Mayor's level and thought that the other party was just wasting time.

Now Gesner-Rainier understood, "This guy must have known something in advance."

"Perhaps it is the news from Wang Hao that we will do data work on a large scale!"

There are no such coincidences in the world.

Gessner-Rainier is 100% sure that Mayor's team is doing this research, and he immediately explained the research work, hoping to catch up with the progress of Mayor's team.

Unfortunately, it's too late...

One week is enough to do a lot of things.

At this time, Didier-Mayor has already achieved results, "183GeV-187GeV", the calculated energy range is too accurate, so accurate that the work to be done is greatly reduced, they found out the past experiments All data in the middle interval, even the original data, are analyzed.

Finally, the conclusion that 'there are likely to be new particles in the range of 183GeV-187GeV' was drawn.

What made Didier-Mayor feel depressed was that Wang Hao published the paper too fast. He was only a week ahead of schedule. Other teams must be doing research.

Therefore, if there is a result, it must be published, and he originally hoped to do it in a more in-depth and precise manner.

CERN has a cooperation with Cosmos and Microcosm, and Didier Mayor also knew the editor-in-chief Resal, so he simply called and asked, "We have achieved results in the research of new particles, and the research has been sent to When can it be published?"

Resal's eyes lit up when he heard it, and he immediately asked, "Is it confirmed that the new particles exist?"

Didier-Mayor said, "It's not entirely certain, but the degree of confidence is high."

Resal suddenly became uninterested. He thought for a while and said, "Then let's do it in the next issue. After the next test, the results will be published together."

Didier-Mayor twitched his lips and finally gave up publishing in Cosmos and Microcosmos.

next episode?

After the particle collision experiment?

At that time, other research groups must have achieved results, and they may all be sure to discover new particles. What is the significance of their team's results?

Didier-Mayor simply put the results on the homepage of the experimental team's report, and also submitted a brief summary of the results report to the Nuclear Organization. Soon the official homepage of the Nuclear Organization also updated the new results of the Mayor team. information--

"There are likely to be new particles in the 183GeV-187GeV interval".

Likely, not sure.

There is a difference of one standard deviation in value, and physicists agree that five standard deviations can be used to determine the discovery of new particles.

In the data analysis of the physical experiment, an abnormal signal was suddenly discovered. Is the particle really detected, or is the system data falsely reported?

This is a matter of judgment, and the method of judgment is to set a confidence interval and calculate the degree of deviation.

The stronger the signal and the more the value deviates from the theoretical value in the particle-free state, the higher the authenticity of the signal is. Statistically, the "standard deviation" is used to represent the deviation of the signal.

Under the normal distribution, the 95% two-tailed confidence interval is 1.96 standard deviations, which means that when the deviation of the signal is 1.96 standard deviations, there is a 95% probability that it is a true detection, but there are still 5 % chance of false positives.

Five standard deviations, in order to determine the possibility of eliminating interference and discover new particles.

The confidence level of the Mayor team's discovery of the new particle seems to be 1.85 standard deviations, which can be understood as about 90% in conversion.

Under normal circumstances, the conclusion of 1.85 standard deviations cannot explain the discovery of new particles, but combined with the research of Wang Hao and Paul Phil-Jones, the conclusion seems to be very convincing.

Many people are starting to focus on the particle collider test experiment next month.

At that time, more intensive experiments and more complete data should be able to discover this new particle!

...

Xihai University, Mason Mathematical Sciences Laboratory.

Office of the Director.

Looking at the news reported one by one, Zhu Jianrong sat on the sofa and couldn't help but twitched his mouth, "Calculated and analyzed new particles..."

"Is this a small study?"

When he looked at Wang Hao again, he didn't know how to speak.

really!

He was fooled again!

Zhu Jianrong pondered for a long time, but still asked, "Professor Wang, can you confirm the conclusion of this new research, that is, the new particles?"

Wang Hao thought for a while and said, "Even if it is my own research, I can't be 100% sure. After all, it is a new particle, and maybe the particle collision experiment next month will not be able to find it. This new particle decays very fast. Signal strength is low."

After hearing this, Zhu Jianrong turned to look at Paul Phil Jones.

Paul Phil-Jones mused and said a number, "Over 2.58 standard deviations."

"??"

Zhu Jianrong was suddenly confused.

Wang Hao twitched the corners of his mouth and helped to translate, "More than 99%, what he said is the possibility of an experiment discovered next month. Didier Mayor's team has already put the The confidence level has increased to 1.85 standard deviations, and the probability of discovery this time is very high when converted to the experimental strength.”

"oh oh."

Zhu Jianrong nodded continuously, only feeling that his IQ had been crushed, and said, "This research can analyze new particles, it's amazing!"

He said thumbs up.

It is simply unimaginable to rely on theoretical research to calculate and analyze new particles.

The only new particle that was completely analyzed by theory before was the 'Higgs particle'. Even the other neutrinos were predicted in advance by combining experimental data and theory.

The "Higgs particle" is a complete set of theories. When the standard model of particles was just taking shape, there were already relevant theories, and it was actually detected in experiments decades later.

Now it is the analysis and calculation of a paper, and it is concluded that there are new particles, which can be called a "very significant" research result.

Even if it is not as good as the Higgs particle, neutrino, etc., it is the top achievement of quantum physics.

Wang Hao shook his head and said, "It's just a small study. The focus is on the theoretical basis, not the conclusion."

Zhu Jianrong twitched the corner of his mouth again.

"Indeed."

Paul Phil-Jones nodded in approval and said, "This is only an analysis of the decay process of a single particle. If it is finally proved that there are new particles, it means that the dimension of the annihilation force is likely to be higher."

"On this basis, it can be expanded to other fields. Even if it is only the decay of baryons, new particles may be discovered again."

"Conclusively proving that new particles exist, we're only just getting started."

"Afterwards, it will expand to other fields of quantum physics and improve the standard model of particles. There is still a lot of follow-up work, and the research space is very broad..."

Paul Phil Jones said that he was looking forward to it.

The high dimension of annihilation force is the basis, and the discovery of new particles is only one of the conclusions.

On this basis, they can draw more conclusions from research.

As Paul Phil-Jones spoke, he became very excited and excited. He couldn't wait to see CERN's experiments prove their research conclusions.

At that time, you can continue to study in other directions, and while the research space becomes wider, you can also draw more conclusions.

Achievements and honors are coming!

"Maybe, I will become the most famous theoretical physicist and win the Nobel Prize in Physics for it..."

The more he thought about it, the more excited he became, and he kept saying in his heart, "We must be able to discover new particles!"

"Sure!"

Expecting the research to be confirmed, Paul Phil-Jones returned to his office, opened his personal mailbox and saw the email from Edward Witten.

The content of the email was to ask about this research, "Paul, is your research correct?"

Paul Phil-Jones was suddenly full of complexities. He thought for a long time and replied an email, "Edward, I have been working hard to study the theory of annihilation. Only by further research can we find out the problem.

Plus, the research could help revise string theory.

I will always work hard for this! "

Immediately afterwards, he saw an email from Ledley Parsons again.

This email is not very friendly, asking why Paul Phil Jones did not insist on studying string theory, but instead studied annihilation theory like himself.

Paul Phil Jones' eyes were filled with disdain.

Ledley Parsons?

The traitor!

He wrote back right away, writing, "Yes, we're all off to work on annihilation theory.

But we are different!

You're all for dirty money and I'm for science! "