Harry Potter Morning Light

The Democratic-Republican party was founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. Their opposing party was the Federalist Party, whose main members were John Adams and Alexander Hamilton, although Adams and Hamilton had not cooperated much.

Compared with the Federalist Party, the Democratic-Republican Party emphasized the power of the states. As a result, when Hamilton proposed a unified federal currency and debt, some states objected, and they accused the Federalist Party of being a dictatorship of the monarchy.

There is a gap between the planned and built capital Washington, and anyone who goes there for the first time will feel cheated. There is not even a city there, and there are swamps everywhere, which are excellent breeding grounds for mosquitoes.

There is no palace or palace here, only a few buildings have been repaired, members of parliament can only meet in the corridor of the unrepaired Capitol Building, and from time to time they will be interrupted by gunshots less than 100 yards away, hunters are hunting quail and wild turkey .

Not to mention the Congressman of Massachusetts, even foreign tourists find it unpleasant. The presidential residence and the Capitol are the only public buildings, that is to say, there are no hotels here, muddy in winter, dusty in summer, and cornfields everywhere. Dayan Creek, it is really a stream, it is neither clear nor much, and there are frogs everywhere in it.

Why not choose New York, Philadelphia, Boston, but choose this place with no urban style?

There is no doubt that Jefferson was the first president to settle here, but the defeated Federalists repeatedly pointed out in the newspapers that the Democratic-Republican narrow victory was due to the ignominious compromise between the Constitution and slavery. Hence the increase in the Electoral College, and if there were no slavery, it would be mathematically certain that Adams and Pinckney would lead, Adams would be re-elected president, and Pinckney would be elected vice-president.

On the day Jefferson was elected, John Adams signed overnight a document appointing several justices, including Supreme Court justices, known as Midnight Judges, including John Marshall.

He was regarded as a disciple of Jefferson, but he joined the Federalist Party because of the Jay Treaty. Later, he was favored by John Adams and became one of the justices of the Supreme Court. In 1797, he came to France and caused the xyz incident. The news of Louis XVI’s guillotine not only caused the U.S. stocks to fall. During the American Revolution, the U.S. declared war on Britain, so the U.S. signed a treaty of alliance with France. After the establishment of the French Republic, a representative was sent to the U.S., hoping to continue the alliance, but Washington chose to be neutral, and Hamilton directly said that the treaty of alliance was signed with Louis XVI. Now that Louis XVI is dead, the treaty of alliance will become invalid.

For this matter, France seized the American merchant ship, and the United States sent people to solve the matter, and then there was the xyz incident. Jefferson was pro-French, but France's treatment of the United States naturally attracted the ridicule of the Federalists.

The Jay Treaty repaired the relationship between Britain and the United States, and the economic system designed by Hamilton based on tariffs and industrial and commercial taxes could also be established. Therefore, cutting ties with France was a must for the Federalists.

The problem Jefferson is facing now is not just the interests of the majority of Republican homeowners. If he fails to buy Louisiana, then he will face the challenge of the Federalist Party, and congressional elections will be held soon. Massachusetts is not only a populous state, but also There are quite a few elite talents, and John Adams Jr. is serving as the Senate in this state. Uncontrollable variables will occur under their momentum.

But if Jefferson successfully acquires Louisiana, it will not only increase the territory and increase the population, but the integration of the west will make the country look new and get rid of the old impression of the old colonial state, and become a more dynamic state. , a changing America.

From a long-term historical perspective, Jefferson's decision on Louisiana was wise, but Jefferson greatly reduced the army and navy.

Britain also has troops stationed in Canada. Although Britain and France both make the United States uncomfortable, if you have to tell who is worse, most Americans will still say the British. The reason is easy to think of. France has no king. In order to maintain a huge navy, the British king not only collected taxes from the American colonies, but also detained ships and arrested people. After the signing of the Jay Treaty, many Americans felt that they were bullied by the United Kingdom. The Mississippi River is an inland river in the United States. How can it be opened to British pirate ships? The Spaniards refused to allow the British to pass because of the pass problem, and many Americans were happy to see it.

There are about 12,000 regular troops in the U.S. Continental Army. The U.S. does not have forced conscription like the U.K., which is done by the king. They can only recruit volunteers. Some volunteers are enlightened, but these people are relatively small. More conscription requires rewards. Some people Deliberately delaying the application until the bonus has risen, and leaving after a short time, not only the military discipline is lax, but the combat effectiveness is not far behind that of the self-cultivating peasants forming a militia. In comparison, the U.S. Navy's combat power is not bad. During the independence period, it won several battles, and the British Navy did not dare to underestimate it.

The first is that raising so many armies is a waste of taxpayers’ money. The second is that Jefferson felt that there are too many armies in the central government that are too powerful. If it weren’t for the whiskey riots in the west to resist taxes, they would be needed to suppress them. What's more, the guard of honor for him at his inauguration ceremony was all militiamen.

So Jefferson had to complete the Louisiana Acquisition no matter what. He not only wanted to use this opportunity to make his position as president more stable, but also allowed the Republican Party to occupy more seats in Congress. This was not only conducive to the rapid approval of the bill enacted by Jefferson , but also related to his re-election.

But this is far from over. After so many years of expansion, it has also made enemies with the Indians. Although there is no European support, the British garrison can find the Indians to fight together. There are many French people in Lower Canada. They miss the Bourbon dynasty, regard Napoleon as a heinous usurper, and firmly support the British in fighting against France. They will not add to the chaos when the British are fighting the enemy. They are even willing to cooperate with the U.S. military .

Why make trouble in winter instead of when it's warmer? asked Georgiana.

I heard that General Victor couldn't go because of the ice in Amsterdam. Edgeworth pursed his lips. And in this case, he just went to him alone, without reinforcements, and it would be useless to go.

Georgiana shook her head.

Have you read Montesquieu's The Causes of the Rise and Decline of Rome? Edgeworth said.

I've seen it, replied Georgiana.

The political system of Rome is very good. The good thing is that since the establishment of this political system, with the help of the spirit of the people, the strength of the Senate and the prestige of some officials, all abuses of power have been corrected. The reason why Carthage collapsed died because not even Hannibal would allow the abuse of power to be checked when it was most needed, and Athens fell because the Athenians believed their faults were too small to be corrected. But Rome was built to expand , in this regard, the law of Rome is very good, but when some ambitious people bring some cities and even whole countries into Rome, so as to interfere and manipulate elections, popular gatherings become out-and-out places for conspiracy, and the people's Authority, law, and even the people themselves have become illusory. What we finally see is that those good laws have become a burden. Their function is to create a great country, not to govern it. Montesquieu’s final conclusion is , Rome lost its liberty because it accomplished its cause prematurely, said Edgeworth, tell me what you think, Georgiana.

Who do you think you are? Georgiana sneered.

You asked me to find someone to look after the young lady. Did you ask her opinion? asked Edgeworth. Who do you think you are?

I'm her teacher! Georgiana said angrily.

Edgeworth laughed.

What's so funny? she grumbled.

You look younger than her, how can you be her teacher? Edgeworth said.

Georgiana wanted to reason with him, but she soon calmed down.

What do you know about the Swedish iron industry? Georgiana asked.

You're asking for my opinion? Edgeworth asked.

She nods.

I heard that Sweden is good at forging wrought iron, which is better than British wrought iron in terms of toughness. During the Thirty Years War, they had extensively used rolling mills to make light iron plates and heavy iron bars.

Then can they produce ship locks? If they can produce ship locks that don't rust, then they don't need to produce chains for binding slaves.

Edgeworth made no answer.

She waited quietly for him to think. After a while, Edgeworth said, There are many ways to prevent rust. It doesn't have to be steel. Where do you want to use it?

Whether it's seawater or freshwater, I heard that the mayor of New York is planning to build a canal.

Speaking of New York, I think of it, New York seems to want to be a borough.

Is this the idea of ​​the mayor? Georgiana asked.

Does this have anything to do with his personal true thoughts?

She thought for a moment and said, Have you ever heard of the Salem Witch Trials?

Edgeworth was silent.

If you don't want to stand in the dock and get accused, you better stand in the dock and accuse someone, Georgiana said. Why do people believe in those false stories?

You think I gave you false information? Edgeworth said.

Georgiana sneered, I didn't doubt you.

Then what do you want to express?

Do you really believe in America?

It's like the lines read in the dark in the movie called The Godfather, but it's a pity that Edgeworth probably hasn't watched it, otherwise she could still discuss it with him.

She thought helplessly, then laughed at herself.