Harry Potter Morning Light

Every city seems to have its own tone.

Mons, which is rich in coal, is white everywhere. Since the French occupied it after the Revolution, the exterior decorations of many buildings have been removed. If they were left, they would be suspected of being against the republic. Only the bell tower of Mons is still there. It retains its baroque ornate appearance.

It was once called the White Tower by Louis XIV. Even in the whole of Europe, there are only three such towers. Together with the city hall, it witnessed the historical battles for the city by French, Dutch, Spanish and other military forces.

Van Gogh also stayed in Mons, but he did not sketch in the city, but went to the mining areas to preach as a priest.

He ate and slept with the miners, and went deep into the mines together. However, his behavior aroused the dissatisfaction of the church, and Van Gogh was terminated from his job as a priest, which also allowed Van Gogh to embark on the road of painter.

Van Gogh's paintings are always full of color. Mons means mountain in Latin. It built a castle in 642, but its medieval heritage is very sparse. There are only some remains of city walls from the 11th and 13th centuries. Some single cells and the ruins of the castle of the Duke of Hainaut.

Like Brussels, it suffered the bombardment of Louis XIV, but unlike Brussels, after the city was unfortunately damaged, the people of Mons immediately painted the facades of some special houses with bright colors instead of rebuilding them until the tenth century. At the end of the eighth century it was all painted with white mortar.

This city has been visited too often by wars. Logically speaking, as the capital of the duchy, there should be a cathedral of the same level as Notre Dame de Paris. When the ancient Roman Empire collapsed in Western Europe, churches would serve as the center or origin of cities in the Middle Ages, whether they were cities left by the ancient Romans or newly built.

At the same time, the church will also become the last refuge for citizens, not only because the church is built of stone, which is relatively strong and defensive.

Now only the Mons City Hall and the bell tower belonging to the Stout Church are relatively old and well-preserved. There is a pig iron monkey on the wall on the right side of the door of the City Hall. It is said that you only need to touch its head with your left hand. , a wish can be granted within a year, as if it is as much a symbol of the city as the Manneken Pis in Brussels.

By candlelight, Georgiana looked at the information in her hand, which was the translated church library archive provided by the accompanying library.

The Knights Templar may also be called the Knights of the Temple, since their Latin name reads templique solomonici, not basilica. In ancient Roman times, a basilica was a public building. The word originated from Greek and its original meaning was the hall of the king. Pomona visited Padua when she was visiting Venice, where there are Basilica-style buildings, some of which were designed by the Renaissance architect Palladio.

In fact, there would be more in Vicenza, but they did not go there at the time. Later Pomona planned to buy a house, and a real estate agent introduced a semi-ruin to her because it was designed by Palladio.

If she did buy it, she would have to spend a lot of time restoring it. She was buying a house to live in. If she bought that ruin, she would have to invest extra time and energy in addition to the money to buy the house.

Palladio was good at designing Basilica-style buildings, but not all of his works are Basilica-style buildings; many Roman Catholic churches are Basilica-style buildings, but not all Basilica-style churches are temples.

Basilica later referred to churches with special status. Especially after the 16th century, the Roman Pope had the power to consecrate temples. There were about 1,800 such special churches around the world. She couldn't remember the exact number. Among them, 4 temples are even more special among the temples and are called basilicas maiores. They are the Basilica of John Lateran, the Basilica of St. Peter, the Basilica of Our Lady, and the Basilica of St. Paul. Basilica, all located in Rome and the Vatican.

In 1300, the then Pope Boniface VIII issued an encyclical stating that any Roman resident who visited the above-mentioned temple 30 times during the Jubilee Year and outsiders who visited 15 times could receive a plenary indulgence. Since then, this The four temples become especially special.

Boniface VIII was a jurist who took this name in honor of St. Boniface IV. The most impressive thing that this Roman pope did was to accept Phocas. Gift, the Pantheon in ancient Rome was converted into a church.

When it was Boniface VIII's turn to be elected as pope, there were not many ancient Roman buildings like the Pantheon in Western Europe. However, due to the continuous efforts of the previous popes, the authority of the church reached an unprecedented height. In 1214, after Philip II of the Capetian dynasty defeated the Holy Roman Empire, France became the most powerful country in Europe. At the same time, the Holy See under Innocent III also reached the peak of its prestige, and conflicts between the church and the secular monarchs Continuously. As a result, before Celedine V was elected, a voice gradually emerged within the church. They hoped to have a pope who would stay away from politics and devote himself to the spiritual world.

Celedin V was a hermit who had never been exposed to law and was not good at politics as the cardinals thought. Then this angel-like pope moved the Holy See to Naples under the inducement of the French Anjou family.

After Boniface VIII was elected, he immediately moved the Holy See back to Rome, and because he was worried that Celedin V would be supported as an anti-pope, Boniface VIII placed Celedin V under house arrest in Canton. He enjoyed his old age in the castle of Parnia, while at the same time all the cardinals appointed by Celerdin were overthrown by Count Boniface VIII.

Since Philip IV came to the throne, he has expanded like other Capetian kings, but even after marrying Juana I and obtaining the Champagne territory, Philip's military expenditure was still not enough, and then he turned his attention to France Clergy of the Church.

According to the rules of the time, if the king was really short of money, he could ask the pope for permission, and after obtaining approval, he could collect tithes, but Philip IV had already used this power.

More importantly, the large and bloated clergy of the French Church have a kind of secular minor priesthood, such as Bible readers and ministers. Since they are minor priests, they are considered members of the church and can enjoy tax-free privileges, and they And they are secular, which does not hinder them at all from marrying, having children, doing business and farming.

But both the readers and the archbishop were clergy. Originally, if Boniface VIII had ignored this matter, it would have had no impact on the Holy See. Anyway, it would not have reduced the church's income. However, Philip IV's tax collection from the clergy of the French Church violated the authority established by the Holy See over the years, so in 1296 Boniface VIII issued an encyclical: No layman may ask for any benefits from the church, and at the same time, no Clergy are also not allowed to pay taxes to any lay people, and whoever violates the two will be excommunicated.

There was a diocese called Pamir in France at that time. The archbishop once commented: The king is the most beautiful man in the world, but he is neither an animal nor a human, but a statue.

This archbishop was a follower of Boniface VIII, and he also believed that religious authority should be above that of the lords. For a long time in the Middle Ages, the actual rulers of the city were the bishops, and the chairs they sat on were called catledralis. , later came to refer to a cathedral with a bishop's seat.

In their eyes, there was indeed no difference between the king and the laity, but Philip IV obviously did not have the same view.

Faced with Boniface VIII's encyclical, Philip IV banned anyone from taking gold and silver out of France and expelled the Italian tax collectors who served the Holy See.

Times had changed by this time, and Philip IV's control over the Kingdom of France was no longer limited to Paris. After annexing Lyon, he effectively pushed the national border to the Rhone River.

In Georgiana's image, Lyon is a city full of red brick houses just like an Italian Renaissance town. However, there was no Renaissance at the end of the 13th century. At that time, Lyon did not know what it was like, and the painter did not leave any traces of it. Next landscape painting.

Philip IV's edict made Boniface VIII realize that he could not lose France, the church's most important tax source, so in 1297, Boniface VIII announced that clergy could actively make gifts to the king. Gifts, and the king could also ask some gifts from the clergy very politely. At the same time, Boniface VIII also made Louis IX a saint. As a descendant of the holy king, the Capetian dynasty has a sacred bloodline, which not only surpasses other European monarchs, but can also be strengthened by means such as touch healing Kingship.

In other words, the kings of the Capetian dynasty became emperors of the kingdom. At this time, the Holy Roman Empire was still the same as when Innocent III was on the throne a hundred years ago, with the same electoral disputes and the same need for papal arbitration. Likewise candidates submit themselves to the Pope.

In April 1303, Albert I of Habsburg was recognized as Holy Roman Emperor by Boniface VIII, but no coronation was held. In September of the same year, Boniface VIII was kidnapped in the place where he was training. .

Something else happened before that. The bishop who said the king was like a statue was imprisoned because he insulted the king. Boniface VIII of course wanted to save his staunch supporters, so he issued another encyclical, which used all the content that legal experts could think of to establish the authority of the church, and of course the most critical thing, let Philip IV went to Rome to stand trial and had Louis IX's title of Holy King revoked.

In fact, there is a chapel in Notre Dame de Paris, which is decorated with stained glass and was built by Louis IX to welcome the Crown of Thorns. But when Georgiana wanted to see Crown of Thorns, she didn't see it in that chapel, but in a very ordinary small room.

Chapelle comes from the Latin word cloak. Saint Martin originally came from a Hungarian military family. When he was stationed in Gaul with the army, he saw a beggar and gave him half of his cloak. At night he had a dream, He then gave up his military career and became a hermit.

After his death, the European monarchs cut the remaining half of his cloak into many pieces, and built chapels for storage like St. Louis. So the chapelle became a building attached to the main body of the church, often small and exquisite, used to store holy relics. wait.

That day she was in bed at Saint-Claude, reading a book about Saint Louis and the transport of the Crown of Thorns from Constantinople, when the French divided into three groups. Georgiana wrapped the big diamond in oil paper, found two other stones of about the same size, wrapped them in oil paper, and gave them to three people respectively, and asked them to send them back to Paris.

She didn't buy insurance for the diamond, and the Philosopher's Stone was wrapped in oil paper and placed in Gringotts. Wasn't it safe to be brought back to Hogwarts by Hagrid?

In 1302, Philip IV held the first three-level parliament. Representatives of the three estates jointly drafted a letter to the Roman Church to express the entire France's dissatisfaction with the pope and support for the king. Subsequently, Philip IV It was announced that all French bishops were prohibited from going to Rome to participate in meetings hosted by the Pope.

Many things happened in 1378, such as the carders' uprising, and Gregory XI moving the Holy See from Avignon back to Rome. The Congress of Pisa was held, and a third pope was elected when the two popes stood side by side.

As a hindsight, she might be able to see an issue from multiple angles in the quiet of her study. But for the people in the game, she knew no more than others, whether those people really came to rob or to assassinate her, because she was opposed to the sale of Louisiana.

But no matter what the real intention behind the matter was, she wanted to be alone for a while.

She also had a dream, in which Grindelwald asked her to figure out the connection between the metal key and the disappearing cabinet, and her dream in the forest of Compiègne, where she came to a giant tree with a big hole in the trunk. , a bustling city can be seen in the cave.

She thought she saw Paris, but there was no Eiffel Tower in Paris at the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century. French buildings were everywhere, so was it really a French city?

In short, no matter what happens outside, as long as this door is not opened, her purity will not be disturbed.

She doesn't need to go to the chapel to pray. She can't find peace there. I never thought that one day a sweetheart like her would be plotted. This world is really terrible.