I

   Chapter 334 332 [Physics]

   Wei Guogong Xu's family has more than a dozen gardens in Nanjing.

  The editorial group of "Datong Zhengyin" was arranged in Sijinyi East Garden, where there are more than ten pavilions alone.

  Fang Yizhi first returned to his hometown in Tongcheng, and then took several large boxes of manuscripts to Nanjing to apply for editorial staff. Among the several large boxes of manuscripts, there are about two to three catties of manuscripts, which are devoted to the study of phonological knowledge.

   He has finished compiling "Qie Yun Shengyuan", "Medical Association", and "Deleting Materia Medica" still needs to visit and collect information.

  As for "Little Knowledge of Physics", he has been writing it for nine years.

   "Excuse me, is Mr. Yu Shan here?" Fang Yizhi asked.

  The concierge is a disabled soldier, and he rolled out a booklet saying: "Register yourself, report your name and place of origin, and you can enter after receiving a sign."

  Fang Yizhi carried the manuscript into the garden, and in the lobby of a pavilion, more than twenty people were arguing together.

  Fang Yizhi came to the lobby, but no one paid any attention, because everyone was busy arguing.

  Standing by and listening carefully, Fang Yizhi was stunned.

  How can there be such a compilation of correct pronunciation?

  Modern Chinese is composed of initials, finals, and tones, and ancient Chinese is similar.

  However, in the detailed specification of Yayan in the past dynasties, there are only the rules of cutting the rhyme between initials and finals, and the requirements for tones are very general. Therefore, the same character can be cut into similar phonology by different dialects, achieving the effect of "harmony but difference" and mutual communication.

   That is, only the sound category is restricted, not the sound value.

   Zhao Han's request is outrageous, he must determine the sound value of each word!

  Sitting together, Qian Qianyi and his group were almost out of their minds. Even if Jianghuai dialect is used as a model, the accents of each state and county are slightly different. Which hometown's pronunciation value should be used as the standard?

   So far, the progress has been zero, and I have been arguing all day long, and no one is willing to give in.

   Now divided into two groups, one group believes that Nanjing dialect should be used as the standard, and the other group believes that Huizhou dialect should be used as the standard. If Fang Yizhi joins in again, it is estimated that there will be an extra Tongcheng faction.

  Liu Rushi was annoyed by the noise, clapped his hands and said: "Masters, listen to me, listen to me!"

   After shouting for a long time, everyone finally shut up.

  Ruan Dacheng also joined the compilation team. He has an identity as a dramatist, and he must be proficient in phonology if he can compose operas.

Liu Rushi smiled and said: "Why don't you invite a top-notch troupe to sing operas one by one. Let them use different tones and recite the libretto several times. Whichever is pleasant to the ear, whichever is easier to say and remember, we will choose whichever is the best." allow."

   "Haha, what a wonderful statement!" Qian Qianyi clapped his hands in praise.

Wu Bing, the author of "A Tale of the Great Fellowship", also came, and he couldn't help but said: "I also write operas, and I don't discriminate against opera actors. I can compile the correct pronunciation of a country, and it will be promoted all over the world in the future, based on the libretto of the opera troupe." , Doesn't it seem a bit immodest?"

   "No, no," Ruan Dacheng said, "When it comes to pitch accuracy, who is better than opera singers? Let them sing and recite various tones several times, and we will choose the ones that are easy to hear, easy to remember, and easy to say."

   It may seem like a joke, but it is the most useful.

  Whether it is Qian Qianyi or Liu Rushi, they must speak with a dialect accent. But those famous actors and actresses are all well-spoken, and they can be regarded as having the level of announcers.

  Liu Rushi's proposal was unanimously approved!

  So, this group of people compiled "Mandarin", that is, they lived in landscape gardens and listened to opera troupes singing every day. That life is not to mention how nourishing it is.

  Fang Yizhi put down the manuscript, cupped his fists and said, "Mr. Yu Shan!"

   "Haha, the secret is here, and you need a great talent." Qian Qianyi said with a smile.

  Liu Rushi looked at Fang Yizhi carefully: "This is Fang Mizhi?"

  Qian Qianyi introduced: "Secretly, this is Liu Yin and Liu Rushi, the vice president who compiled Datong Zhengyin."

   "Meet Liu Jun." Fang Yizhi cupped his hands.

  Liu Rushi bowed in return, and said, "Mr. Fang, I'm afraid you have to go to Jiangxi. The general town is inquiring about your whereabouts."

  Fang Yizhi was stunned: "Mr. Zhao is asking everywhere?"

Liu Rushi explained: "Someone in Jiangxi presented the wonderful book "Institute of Physics". Mr. Zhao asked curiously and learned that this book was published by you, and that you are still writing similar physics books. Zongzhen Zhao wants to discuss physics with you. "

   "I see." Fang Yizhi found it interesting that a hero like Zhao Han actually likes physics.

  Before someone presented "Nongshu", which was appreciated by Zhao Han.

  Chen Zilong's presentation of "Nongzheng Quanshu" was also appreciated by Zhao Han.

  So scholars from all over the country rushed to Ji'an Mansion one after another to present strange books in a mess.

   Someone presented "Institute of Physics". The author of this book, Wang Xuan, is from Jiangxi and is Fang Yizhi's teacher. After the "Institute of Physics" was written, Fang Yizhi was responsible for publishing it.

  Wang Xuan has died of illness, but Fang Yizhi is still alive.

  Furthermore, Fang Yizhi thought that the "Institute of Physics" was not comprehensive enough, and some of the contents were still open to discussion, so he wanted to write a better one by himself.

  Fang Yizhi left the draft of "Qie Yun Shengyuan", took a few boxes of manuscripts, and went to Jiangxi by boat.

  Fang Yizhi, who came back from the north, came to Jiangxi and felt more and more emotional. What kind of ghost life do the people in the north live?

   Arriving in Ji'an, Fang Yizhi handed over the greeting card, and was summoned immediately, which made him a little flattered.

   "Meet the general town!"

   "Sit down, there is no need to be formal."

  Zhao Han didn't have time to chat, he dug out the "Institute of Physics" from the cabinet, and commented: "This book is quite rare, but it's not deep enough, and it's not accurate enough."

  Fang Yizhi hurriedly presented the manuscript: "General Town, this is the draft of "Little Knowledge of Physics". I started writing it nine years ago, but it has not been finished yet. Many contents need to be verified by observation."

  Before time travel, Zhao Han hadn't read "Little Knowledge of Physics".

   Moreover, the draft that Fang Yizhi took out is different from the later "Little Knowledge of Physics". Because of the original draft, Fang Yizhi lost more than half of it on his way to the south after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, and many of the contents were rewritten.

  At that time, Fang Yizhi must have been in despair. Not only was his country ruined and his family destroyed, but the manuscripts he had written for more than ten years were also lost.

  The secretary brought a bowl of tea, and Fang Yizhi sat beside him drinking tea and waiting.

  Zhao Han opened those drafts, the first chapter is the general introduction of the book. Moreover, the ink is relatively new, probably written by Fang Yizhi a few days ago, specially written for Zhao Han to read.

  This summary can be summarized in the following points:

  First, the world is made of matter.

  Second, matter is formed by the operation of "qi", and it is wrong to discuss "reason" without "qi". (Confucianism has always had disputes over qi and principles.)

  Third, all things can summarize laws, and unknowable things can be speculated with specific laws through known things, and even the entire universe can be speculated.

  Fourth, everything has its properties and laws, which need to be verified by observation.

  Fifth, during the Wanli period, Western knowledge came to China. There is a big problem with Western learning. It is too obsessed with observation and verification, and neglects to explore and summarize the laws of things.

  Zhao Han couldn't help laughing after reading the general introduction. Fang Yizhi actually despised Western natural science, thinking that Western learning was superficial, ignoring the exploration and conclusion of laws.

  Isn’t this argument the criticism of ancient Chinese science by later generations?

   Just the other way around.

   "Tongji, quality testing, these two words are used well!" Zhao Han praised.

  Fang Yizhi put down his teacup and cupped his hands: "It's just a family talk."

  Tong Ji: The internal law that runs through all things.

  Quality measurement: observe and study the morphological performance of things.

  Zhao Han changed the subject and asked, "How can I contact Tongji and QC?"

  Fang Yizhi thought for a while, and replied: "Subject."

  Zhao Han turned to the main text of the draft, and the opening chapter gave him a big headache. It was full of mysterious and mysterious theories about astronomical phenomena and qi.

  Zhao Han skipped it directly and went to read "Theory of Light".

  Fang Yizhi believes that the sky condenses the essence of its yang attribute to form the sun. The moon and the stars, and everything in the world, including humans, use sunlight.

  These statements are half wrong and half right.

  The moon is indeed borrowing sunlight, but the stars are shining by themselves. Plants do depend on sunlight, but artificial fire is not a reproduction of sunlight.

   Next, Fang Yizhi collectively referred to the reflection and refraction of light as the phenomenon of "light turning".

  The content of astronomy is very interesting. Fang Yizhi believes that the round sky and the earth are just expounding the virtues of heaven and earth. The terrestrial body is like a blown bean, living in the center of the universe.

   Well, says the center of the earth.

  Zhao Han did not continue to read, closed the manuscript and said: "I think that the study of physics should go hand in hand with qualitative testing. If you can't carry out empirical evidence, it is best not to write a book. This is a mistake."

  Fang Yizhi was a little unconvinced, and asked: "What does Zongzhen think is wrong?"

   "It's best not to mix Yin-Yang and Five Elements, let alone regard it as Tongji (law of all things)." Zhao Han said.

  Fang Yizhi asked back: "Is Yin Yang and Five Elements wrong?"

  Zhao Han explained: "Whether it is right or wrong, don't worry about it, and don't apply everything to Yin-Yang and Five Elements."

  After reading the first chapter of "Little Knowledge of Physics", Zhao Han finally knew what went wrong.

  Fang Yizhi was too deeply influenced by the traditional view of the universe, so he used Yin-Yang and Five Elements to explain the universe, directly setting the framework of the physical world wrong. Going down this road, it is difficult to come up with modern science, but the Western method is more useful.

   Seeing that Fang Yizhi was silent, Zhao Han asked, "Do you know mathematics and geometry?"

   "Yes." Fang Yizhi nodded.

  Zhao Han guided: "Everything is connected, why not use mathematics to express it?"

   "How to express mathematics?" Fang Yizhi was confused.

  Zhao Han pointed to the inkstone in front of him, and said with a smile: "Start with the simplest phenomenon, such as this inkstone. I pushed it, why did it move?"

  Fang Yizhi frowned and said, "It is natural to move under force."

   "What force did it bear?" Zhao Han asked.

  Fang Yizhi replied: "The power of the general town's fingers."

  Zhao Han asked: "Since there is force, why stop?"

  Fang Yizhi replied: "If Zongzhen doesn't push it anymore, it won't bear any force, and it will stop naturally."

  Zhao Han asked again: "But after I let go of my finger, why does it continue to move for a certain distance? It stands to reason that when I let go of my finger, the inkstone should stop immediately."

  Fang Yizhi fell into deep thought.

  (end of this chapter)