I

  Chapter 970 966 [Is this the well field system? 】

  Zhao Kuangyi ordered the infantry to defend the city, and asked Sun Kewang to lead the cavalry out to sweep the land along the river with irrigation canals.

  Anyway, if the landlord is caught, he will be killed, and the rest of the people will be restrained and not allowed to leave the original village.

   Seeing that the Han army only killed nobles, artisans, tenant farmers and untouchables all stood by and watched. Anyway, it's just a change of ruler, and their fate will not change in the future. Even if they desperately help the nobles fight, they won't gain anything after winning.

   It took only a few days for Sun Kewang to occupy the 30 miles along the river.

Zhao Kuangchen’s middle school classmate, Guan Xian, who was once the chief of the county yamen’s household section, went to the village on the bank of the river to go around and sort out the information to report: “Your Highness, the information on Honglu Temple is too rough. Rural conditions."

   "Tell me about it." Zhao Kuangtang said.

  Guan Xian said: "The rural basic governance institutions are village communes, one is called Miraxi village commune, and the other is called Chaimindar village commune."

"The Miraxi village community is the most traditional. Hundreds of years ago, the Chola dynasty moved its capital to Taiwu (Tanjore). This dynasty made a difference. It organized the villages along the river into village communities and ordered the village community to be built. Irrigate canals. Although the Chola Dynasty has collapsed, these villages have survived and spread to all parts of the country.”

   "This kind of Miraxi village consists of one or several villages, and the managers are all of the Brahmin caste. They use the clan as a link to jointly control the power of the village, and there is no leader. When encountering major issues, several families discuss and resolve them."

   "Another kind of Qaidaminger village community has only risen for decades. King Nayak ruled this place and rewarded the land to military officers and nobles. A village is a village community, and the rulers are all Kshatriya officers."

   "Miraxi village is similar to the gentry village in Ming Dynasty. Qaidaminger village is similar to military household village in Ming Dynasty."

   "Here, there are no landlords!"

   "There is no landlord?" Zhao Kuangtang asked, "Then who did we kill in the riverside village?"

  Guan Xian explained: "We killed the village managers, who came from the Brahmin and Kshatriya castes. The land here belongs to the king and is collectively managed by the Brahmins or Kshatriya."

   "Then how to collect taxes? These village managers have no land, but they are in charge of the land. Could it be that they can fill their pockets arbitrarily?" Zhao Kuangyi wondered.

Before Guan Xian could speak, Wang Chongxi couldn't help sighing: "No wonder we can't find the yellow books and fish scale books, and can't count the population and land. We can only see individual villages in the tax collection books. The land system here, It’s still the pre-Qin well field system! Those who manage the cities are princes, and those who manage villages are scholar-bureaucrats.”

  Historically, the British colonists ruled Tanjore for 150 years, and it took hundreds of years to break the village communal land management system into a more advanced landlord ownership system.

  You heard it right, landlord ownership is an advanced system here, and it is more conducive to the collection of agricultural taxes by the British colonists!

  Zhao Kuangyi was quite speechless, the land he occupied was actually engaged in the well field system.

Guan Xian continued: "Brahmins and Kshatriyas are nobles, and the rest of the people are divided into several major castes and dozens of small castes. Those small castes have been engaged in a certain industry for generations, just like the households of Ming Dynasty. , tea households, stove households, yin and yang households, etc.”

"Each caste has its own customary rules, similar to the Chinese guild convention. Conflicts within the caste, such as disputes between shoemakers and shoemakers, are resolved within the shoemaker caste. Brahmins and Kshatriyas can only mediate, not Give pointers to the shoemaker's trade."

"Thus, the villages in various places seem to be chaotic and disorderly, but the internal structure is extremely tight. They belong to the same big caste, but they belong to different small castes, and their occupations cannot be changed at will. If a shoemaker changes his career to a carpenter, he will be collectively boycotted by the carpenters. They were even expelled from the village."

   "There are also some small castes, which can change jobs at will. For example, laundrymen, hairdressers, etc., are collectively classified as servant castes. One day you can wash clothes and live, and you can be a barber tomorrow."

   "The tenants here do not pay fixed land rent to the village community, but they are all calculated according to the grain harvest. The land rent for paddy fields is about four-fifths, and the land rent for dry fields is about one-half..."

  After explaining the situation, Zhao Kuangtang and his subordinates were all stunned.

  The land rent for paddy fields is 80%, and the land rent for dry fields is 50%. The tenants are not starved to death?

   "Can tenant farmers survive?" Wang Chongxi asked.

Guan Xian explained: "There is often drought here, and the paddy fields are better. If there is no rain in the dry fields for a long time, a large number of tenant farmers will starve to death. After the tenant farmers die, if the land is vacant, priority will be given to Sudra farmers. Toro tenants, the village community will lease the land to the untouchables."

   "Farmers starve to death every year. Don't the farmers here rebel?" Zhao Kuangchen's college classmate Ma Zhen asked.

  Guan Xian shook his head: "Never rebelled. The peasant uprisings here are all led by Brahmins or Kshatriyas. As for other castes, they can only rebel along with them, and cannot stand up and rebel by themselves."

  Everyone looked at each other in blank dismay, what a magical caste society, they had never encountered it before.

Guan Xian said: "Your Highness, either the entire village is directly occupied, and the Han people can come as they want. Or don't even think about reforming a village, it can't be changed at all, a few big castes, hundreds of small castes, everyone has They are supporters of the existing system. If they don’t change it, they will accept the rule honestly. If it changes, the whole village may rebel, and even Sudra, who is about to starve to death, will feel that we are going to steal his job.”

  Wang Chongxi said: "Your Highness, if this is the case, then there is no need to provoke Kshatriyas and Brahmins to fight. They are actually a kind of people, nothing more than the difference between hereditary officers and gentry families."

  Everyone re-formulates the ruling strategy according to the actual situation.

  If the Han people want to expand, they should expand in units of villages and communes. Kill the nobles of the village community, the Han people will become the landlords, and everything else will continue as usual.

   To put it bluntly, it means integrating into the caste society, and the Han people become the new Brahmins and Kshatriyas.

  This set of caste system was born for conquerors.

   You can easily conquer this land, kill the Brahmins and Kshatriyas and replace them. However, don't try to reform this system, it's a thankless act.

  Unless there are more and more Han immigrants, and more and more descendants of the Han people. With the increase of Han people, quantitative changes lead to qualitative changes, and only then can the original system be broken!

  Because of the downcast high caste, you can engage in low caste occupations (caste theory stipulates that it is not possible, but in fact it is possible).

  When the Han people filled various occupations, the caste **** was broken.

Zhao Kuangtang ordered: "Let Sun Kewang stop the march temporarily, and order the nobles from all over the country to continue to hold their original positions as long as they are loyal to me. For the land that has been conquered, you should formulate a plan for rewarding the land. According to the area of ​​the land, the villages that have been occupied, It is divided into two levels: towns and villages. The Han people are all nobles in the towns and villages. The officials we bring either serve as officials in Taiwu City or go to the town to serve as officials. The Han people have no caste distinction, and the rest have different castes and occupations. Change."

  Guan Xian said: "Your Highness, if things go on like this, the Han people will become Brahmins and Kshatriyas. And Your Highness's Jin Kingdom will be no different from the small state here, and it is very likely that it will be slaughtered in a hundred years."

  Zhao Kuangchen said: "That's why there is no caste system among the Han people."

"Your Highness, people's hearts tend to be profitable, and human nature is too comfortable," Guan Xian advised, "We may still stick to our hearts, but what about our descendants? At that time, Confucian teachings may be forgotten, for the sake of convenience. ruled, the king took the lead in converting to Hinduism."

Ma Yu said: "Education should not be forgotten. Confucian temples must be built when free hands are available. Schools must be built when there are more Han children. The caste system here is too scary, but it is tempting to enjoy. A little bit of willpower will be worn away, and eventually wear away. Even the ancestors are forgotten, even the teachings of the Confucian sages are forgotten!"

   "Your Highness, after the country is stable, please build a Confucian Temple immediately!" Wang Chongxi bowed his hands.

   "Your Highness, please build a Confucius Temple!"

  Everyone bowed down collectively.

  Zhao Kuangtang gritted his teeth and said: "Of course a Confucian temple will be built. There are so many temples of foreign races in the city. First, one should be demolished and replaced by a Confucian temple. All the statues in the temple will be smashed! If any believers rebel, they will all be killed!"

  The Confucian Temple was built in India, which is the cultural fire of the Han people.

  If the Confucian Temple is not destroyed, China will last forever.

  Once there is no Confucian Temple, the Han people here will quickly degenerate, and eventually completely integrate into the caste system of laying equal to death.

  Wang Chongxi also said: "Your Highness, the Han people who immigrated here are not allowed to believe in foreign religions. Not to mention beliefs, even worshiping gods are not allowed to worship. Anyone who violates the law will be ransacked and punished!"

"Can."

  Zhao Kuangyi was also frightened by the caste system. People who have received Confucian education naturally reject such things.

  Sun Kewang stopped marching, and Zhao Kuangyi asked civil officials to measure the land along the river for tens of miles. According to the total area of ​​land, rewards were given to officials and soldiers. All Han Chinese were landlords, and Tamil farmers who did not have land were all converted into private tenants.

  Two kinds of laws are implemented across the country, one set is for the Han people, which is directly imported from China and modified according to the actual situation. One set is for the natives, following caste laws.

  Currently, Zhao Kuangtang's actual control area is only a city and dozens of miles of land along the river, which are organized into a county and several villages and towns.

  After sending the order to the Quartet, the nobles in cities and villages all over the country really pledged their allegiance without any intention of resisting. When the Zhuluo Dynasty was destroyed, they were too lazy to resist. Now that Zhao Kuangzhen destroyed the Tanjoer Kingdom, they will not resist either.

  The premise is not to change the caste system!

  As long as the caste system remains the same, they don't care who is the king.

   What Zhao Kuangyi will do next is to measure land, reward farmland, build Confucian temples, and restore commerce. Water conservancy needs to be built, and many irrigation canals are dilapidated, so Sudras and untouchables are used as laborers, and it is enough to eat or not starve to death. If you don't pay attention, it doesn't matter if you starve to death.

   As far as Brahmins and Kshatriyas collectively manage land, don’t expect to collect too much agricultural tax in the future, most of which will be corrupted by Hindu nobles.

  It has to be changed, so that Brahmans and Kshatriyas become landlords and implement a more advanced landlord ownership system. But it can’t be changed now, because there are not enough officials, even if it is changed, it will be changed without changing the medicine, and the number of acres will still be reported to you implicitly.

  Zhao Kuangchen was speechless. He never dreamed that he would still see Ida Zhi in this life.

   (There is only one update today.)

   (After checking a lot of information, I found that the southern part of India is different from the northern part. Here in Tanjore, there is actually a village communal land ownership system, and there is not even a single landlord.)

  (end of this chapter)