Live Wilderness Adventure

"The Stone Age started about 2.5 million years ago and ranges from more than 7,000 years ago to more than 2,000 years ago."

"From monkeys, we learned to throw stones, to apes, we have begun to use stone axes."

"The Bronze Age first began with the Mesopotamian civilization in the 4th century BC."

"The earliest bronze utensils unearthed in China are the bronze knives of the Gansu Majiayao culture, dating from around 2800 BC. My history is not very good, so it must be the early Shang Dynasty, right?"

"In ancient Egypt, bronze utensils appeared during the Second Dynasty and entered the Bronze Age."

"At the same time, there was also the Aegean civilization."

"After that, it's the Iron Age so far."

"The earliest use of iron was in ancient Egypt and Sumer. It was used in a very small amount in 4000 BC, but iron was mostly obtained from meteorites, not from iron ore, so the price was more expensive than gold. multiple times."

"Until more than 3000 BC to 2000 BC, Asia Minor, Egypt and Mesopotamia increasingly extracted iron from meteorite mines."

"In Huaxia, five iron-bladed bronze tomahawks from the Shang Dynasty in the 14th century BC were also unearthed. We call them 'Tianshi'."

"The Hittite Empire should have been the first to mass-produce iron and apply it, and mastered iron smelting technology around 1400 BC. By 1200 BC, iron had been widely used in the Middle East, but it did not replace bronze."

"From the Stone Age to the Bronze Age to today's Iron Age, it took human beings millions of years. This is the progress of civilization and the progress of mankind."

"This is the famous three-phase theory, which divides the development of human civilization into three stages through materials."

In Bi Fang's description, the audience seems to have seen the piles of burning charcoal fires and the black ore sent into the furnace under the high temperature calcination, turning into dazzling red molten iron, billowing vent.

[Of the four ancient kingdoms, we are the only ones left, I am proud! 】

[Lao Fang now understands history so much, he covers his face and pushes him to the next level]

[The progress of human civilization seems complicated, but it is actually a change in materials]

[Huaxia, amazing! 】

Many foreign netizens also expressed their admiration.

Since iron was discovered, people began to mix it with different components, change its properties with different temperature processes, and achieve different microstructures through different processes.

This black metal with seemingly infinite potential has become the most important pillar supporting the industrial civilization of the entire planet.

Right now, Bi Fang will span millions of years of history and extract this wireless black metal in the most primitive wilderness.

[If human civilization is lost, Boss Fang's live broadcast should be preserved]

[Maybe it can restart a civilization]

【Cowhide】

Seeing such a comment, Bi Fang joked with clay in his hand: "I'm standing on the shoulders of giants now, with enough knowledge of physics, chemistry, biology, and environment to achieve such a goal, it seems like a wilderness, but in fact It is the overall embodiment of human civilization.”

After laying the bottom layer with clay, Bi Fang spread more clay around, and the whole looks like a toilet.

It was surrounded by clay all around, leaving only a hole of nearly four square decimeters.

When the product was flush with the ground, Bi Fang made an extra protruding U-shaped mouth and said, "This is the chimney mouth, and the gas exchange will depend on it."

A passage opening is made, which is more like a toilet as a whole.

Not far away, the water monitor lizard returned to the cave and stuck its head out again, as if wondering what the tall creature in front of him was doing.

In its mind, hunting, eating, resting, and reproduction are the meaning of life.

The water monitor lizard, who couldn't understand, scratched its skin with its claws, thinking about going to the pier at noon... going to the puddle to get a fish to eat.

[Like, it's really too similar]

[Okay, now our dry toilet has been completed, come and try it]

【Burning while pulling】

[Everyone uses water for cleaning. Boss Fang has a drying function, but the boss is not ordinary]

Bi Fang laughed, no way, the shape of the furnace is indeed delicate.

Looking down from the top, it does look a bit like a toilet, still squatting, but in front of it is a square fire vent.

After it was done, Bi Fang kneaded the clay into thin rectangular strips, baked it with fire, dried and hardened a little, and set it inside the stove.

There is a layer of slightly protruding platform at the bottom, which is reserved and can be placed on the shelf.

"This is the furnace bridge. In the past, coal-burning and coal stoves had a thing called the furnace bridge. At that time, there was a saying that 'fire should be hollow', which means that when coal is burning, it needs oxygen."

"If the coal is really crowded together, without oxygen, the coal cannot be burned. The coal needs to be overhead to facilitate air circulation and help combustion, and this task must be done by the furnace bridge."

"The furnace bridge is generally made of pig iron, like an iron fence. It is placed in the middle of the furnace, with coal on it, and a furnace door below. You can open and close the furnace door to adjust the fire power. We don't have this function here, but it is used to facilitate the air. circulating."

After the furnace bridge was built, Bi Fang kept breaking off the tiny branches, spread them on the "toilet", and then covered them with clay again.

"Here is the vent. We can't let the clay block it. We can lay a layer of branches to hold it in place so that it doesn't collapse. After drying, it will be set. The branches don't need to be removed, and they will be burned to ashes."

[One thing to say, this furnace is more advanced than it was when it was introduced. 】

Gu Er </span> [High temperature toilet: You can only go to the toilet within a certain time, otherwise there is a risk of the **** being cooked. 】

[Capitalist: Install it in my company! Replace it all with this! 】

[Impossible, don't you need money for fuel, or is it more reasonable to deduct fees for tilting toilets and timing toilets? 】

This section on Bi Fang's paste just separates the opening and the "toilet", and then through the size of the opening, a slate is made of clay.

"The size of the slate should be larger than the fire opening to isolate the heat."

After finishing the slate, let it dry and harden naturally, Bi Fang patted the black-gray palm and breathed a sigh of relief: "Okay, I'll do this in the morning, have lunch at noon, and then go to the river to pick up some clay, we Keep making chimneys and charcoal."

Back in the shelter, Bi Fang came to the puddle and was about to catch fish, but found that the only two remaining fish had disappeared.

Looking at the soil **** not far away, a fish bone was spit out not far away.

Bi Fang: "..."

......

At noon, Bi Fang came to the stream again. After harvesting three big fish, he strengthened the fishing ground again, expanded the area, and put the rotten fish internal organs into it. a fish farm.

"In the past, two or three big fish and four or five small fish were enough for a fishing ground every day, but now that I have a thief neighbor, one fishing ground is not enough, so now I have to build another one, two distances away Farther, preferably more than 200 meters."

"Now let's dig some more clay, and then pour a little water, and by the way, we can harvest some sugar cane and Houttuynia cordata."

The benefits of returning to the camp are now apparent. Not only is there a stable supply of vegetables, but there is also a fixed supply of sweet fruits. Although it is not too sweet, it is also a rare taste.

Bi Fang shoveled the clay into the frame and went back and forth three times before filling the pit. Then, he lit firewood in the semi-finished fire pit to speed up the drying.

As a result, I was surprised to find a paw print on the clay beside it...

[Hahaha, no way, I'm going to die laughing]

[I can't fight and I can't catch up, what can I do? Just keep it

[This is the first time I encountered a problem that Lao Fang couldn't solve. 】

Bi Fang rubbed his temples. Originally, he wanted to pour some water and boil it for disinfection, but now it seems that he can't leave.

He didn't want to drink the water that the water monitor lizards drank.

It’s not too long since I left now. If I leave for a longer time, wouldn’t the bird’s nest be occupied by the birds?

[Lao Fang: You dare to rob my site? 】

[Water monitor lizard: Obviously you grabbed mine first! 】

The audience turned on the crazy ridicule mode.

Bi Fang shook his head, cleaned the fish, mixed it with Houttuynia cordata for a meal, and then took a lot of firewood and went to another open space.

"If you want to make iron, although there is a blast furnace, it is not enough to burn wood alone. We must have a lot of charcoal."

[To be honest, I don't really understand the difference here...]

[Charcoal isn't made of wood? Burning charcoal is hotter than burning wood? 】

【Blind areas of knowledge】

[A knowledge of physical chemistry is actually]

"It is indeed a knowledge of physical chemistry, but it is too complicated to explain, and it needs to be explained with a lot of equations, so I will briefly explain it."

Bi Fang rebuilt a suitable small building out of clay on the ground.

"Charcoal is a wood processing product, but it is not burned in an ordinary furnace, it is a processed product that can only appear in a high temperature and oxygen-poor environment.

At this time, the moisture in the wood has been evaporated, and the structure itself has also changed. The interior will have a honeycomb structure, which is easier to ignite, with higher combustion efficiency and less smoke. "

"Then the honeycomb structure is burned to produce a more violent combustion reaction and reach a higher temperature."

[I want to see a complicated explanation, funny]

"For a complicated explanation, if we take the main chemical substance of wood, 'cellulose', as the object of investigation, the basic composition of glucose is 'carbohydrate'."

"Comparing glucose with charcoal is to use '1 mol of C6H12O6' to compare with the elemental carbon containing 6 mol of carbon atoms."

"Then, the 6 waters in 'C6H12O6' are still water after combustion, and will not generate much heat. That is, the heat of combustion is mainly contributed by the 6 carbon atoms.

In this way, the combustion heat of wood and charcoal will not be much different. You can check the chemical manual to see what is the difference between the combustion heat of the two. "

[The heat of combustion of glucose is 2800kj/mol, while the heat of combustion of the equivalent amount of C is 2361kj/mol, which is numb, the difference is really not very big. 】

Bi Fang smiled: "Then, when wood produces 6 carbon dioxide molecules after burning, it also produces 6 more water molecules that also need to be heated."

"But! After the charcoal is burned, there are only CO2 molecules!"

"Charcoal does not need to consider what water molecules are heated. After the charcoal is burned, the types and number of molecules that need to be heated should be less."

"This is the most fundamental reason why the maximum temperature of charcoal burning is higher than that of wood!"

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