New Shun 1730

As for the commercial bourgeoisie in the city, this also needs to be viewed separately.

[When the factory handicraft industry was able to export its own products, it was completely dependent on the expansion or contraction of trade, and its reaction to trade was relatively small... These merchants, especially shipowners, most resolutely demanded state protection and monopoly]

That is to say, in this era of factory handicrafts, the budding industry was completely dependent on the expansion or contraction of trade.

And trade was determined by colonies, wars, and the navy.

Of course, merchants and shipowners firmly demanded state protection and monopoly.

But we must pay attention to the premise-the factory handicraft industry, when it was able to export its own products, was completely dependent on the expansion or contraction of trade, and its reaction to trade was relatively small.

In this era where commercial hegemony brings industrial hegemony, rather than an era where commercial capital is subordinate to industry, the way of thinking is different from the logic of wars in the later generations, such as World War I and World War II, and even after World War II.

The logic afterwards is that industry develops rapidly, industry occupies the dominant power, lacks the market, and as the dominant power, they must start wars and find markets.

This logic is the logic of Dashun's participation in the First World War at this time.

In other words, only Dashun, which had already had the initial sprouts of the industrial revolution at this time, could use this logic under the distortion of administrative power.

On the other hand, Britain was not qualified to use this logic at this time.

Britain's logic at this time was that the expansion or contraction of trade affected the development of workshop handicrafts, but the reaction of industry to trade was small.

Merchants and ship owners, of course, firmly demanded state protection and monopoly, but they did not protect the development of local industries.

Rather, they protected "trade" itself.

As for where the traded goods were produced, this is not important.

What is important is protection, navigation regulations, and that only British merchants can sell goods. Rather than where these goods are produced or who produces them.

This is different from the logic of commercial capital being subordinate to industry. The logic after being subordinate to industry is that industry whips others with a whip: go to war, go find a market for me, and go sell my goods!

At this time, Britain was:

This tea is produced in China.

It is not important.

What is important is that North America, the Caribbean, England, Scotland, and Ireland are only allowed to buy tea shipped by us. They are not allowed to buy tea shipped by the Dutch, the Swedes, or the Danes.

Instead of:

This tea is produced in the UK. North America, the Caribbean, England, Scotland, and Ireland are not allowed to buy tea "produced in China."

This is what Lao Ma said. In this era of commercial hegemony, [merchants and ship owners firmly demand state protection and monopoly] protection and monopoly.

Protecting domestic industries or letting [for more effectual employing the poor] are just additional options, optional options, and check-box clauses at this time. It's okay to add it, don't make trouble; it's okay not to add it, just suppress it.

Because at this time, the political power of the British bourgeoisie was a combination of commercial capital and land aristocrats in coastal cities.

So, in this case, is the trade agreement between Britain and Dashun a "free trade" in the true sense?

Is there really no protection and monopoly?

This depends on the conditions of the negotiations between Spain and Dashun. The concept of "imperial free trade zone with Chinese goods as the main component" after the negotiations is still not free trade, but protection and monopoly, because foreign merchants still cannot use their ships to directly deliver goods to Spain, a non-imperial imperial free trade zone, and the Spanish navy will still protect the interests of domestic merchants.

However, originally domestic merchants bought their own woolen cloth and sold it there - of course, this is just a saying, Spain has nothing, and there is no goods of its own at all - and now, it is to buy cotton cloth from others and sell it there.

As long as this monopoly and protection are still there, will the interests of merchants be damaged?

Merchants only make a profit from the price difference of cotton cloth, and merchants do not run factories to rub cotton cloth, so how can there be losses?

And this is the basis for Dashun to avoid a decisive battle with the British Navy in the ocean, and even to force Britain to sign a treaty by fighting a few battles similar to the siege of Gibraltar.

That is, Dashun used the triangular trade line of Senegal, Havana and North America to intercept British merchant ships and transport Dashun goods, so that Dashun held a bargaining chip that "would not choose, but could scare British merchants to death".

This bargaining chip is that Dashun actually has the ability to break the British navigation regulations and directly transport goods to North America, which seriously hits the interests of British merchants and ship owners.

The interests of British merchants and ship owners are "Britain can ensure that only British ships and British merchants can go to North America for trade."

Rather than "Britain ensures that all goods in North America are British goods."

What goods do British ship owners use in North America? Once the Sugar Act was opened in 1933, "Nordic" industrial products swarmed in. They were the most cheerful group of people. How could they care whether the goods used in North America were British?

What British ship owners feared was that Dashun forced Britain to open free trade. As long as Dashun merchant ships and Dutch merchant ships paid tariffs, they could go to North America for trade.

Therefore, although there are conflicts within Dashun's decision-making circle, some people in the decision-making circle may not actually use this chip.

And this bargaining chip can be exchanged for the rest of the conditions in the British peace talks.

And if this is not a bargaining chip, but a condition that Dashun wants, then there are many things to pay for this condition. At least a few more wars will have to be fought, and even North America will really have to be separated.

The problem is that North American separation is not the result that Dashun's decision-making circle wants.

First, they don't want Protestants to have a land suitable for industrial development, and second, they want to divide North America to create conflicts.

Third, from the perspective of gold and silver mines, the east coast of North America is poor. What Dashun urgently needs now is the rapid accumulation of gold and silver to start industrialization. North America and Britain are now separated, and North America's precious metals are broken. Dashun is going to sell hammers? Collect a bunch of North American treasure notes that have depreciated to 4%?

Of course, Dashun wants to use this as a bargaining chip, not a condition, and the British don't know.

So this created Dashun's bargaining chip out of thin air, and there is no need to really land in London.

Dashun would certainly break some of Britain's navigation regulations, but not all of them. It would really become a free trade model - that is, Dashun's merchant ships could freely stop and sell goods at any British port. After all, Dashun's current delivery capabilities really don't have this ability.

And more importantly, if it really does this... then British merchants and ship owners will really share the same hatred of the enemy, defend their country, and ruin their families to help the country.

That's digging their roots, they must fight to the end.

As the saying goes, you can't be surrounded on three sides and one side is missing. For such a thing, you really can't learn from Pitt's "anti-revenge theory" and destroy the future of the French navy for 50 years. It's obviously unrealistic.

Therefore, from the perspective of class interests and the comparison of political forces, the choice of the royal party is also the best solution.

The land tax stabilizes the Tory landlords and gentry. As long as they continue to "protect trade" instead of "protect industry" on trade issues, they can get the support of the commercial bourgeoisie.

Protecting trade and protecting industry are sometimes the same thing and sometimes not the same thing.

This is one thing after industry has become a vassal of commercial capital.

It is not the same thing in this era of handicraft workshops.

There must be a group of people whose interests are seriously damaged.

For example, the East India Company.

But.

As Lao Ma said: [At this stage, competition between countries is eliminated as much as possible through tariffs, bans and various treaties, but in the final analysis, the struggle between competitors is still carried out and resolved by war (especially naval battles)]

At this time, the destruction of the British East India Company follows the same logic as the destruction of the Dutch East India Company that had been destroyed before.

Historically, the destruction of the British East India Company was essentially due to the development of the British Industrial Revolution and the improvement of industrial power. Let the East India Company, which hindered industrial development and affected the market, die.

Now, the British Industrial Revolution has not yet broken out and industrial power has not yet been improved, so we must follow the principle of the current stage mentioned by Lao Ma.

That is, countries solve problems through tariffs, bans, treaties, naval battles and wars.

Dashun followed this rule and sent a fleet to solve this problem.

If the treaty is reached in the way that the royalists envisioned, then this war is not actually a war between China and Britain.

Rather, it is a war between Dashun and the British East India Company. In other words, it is a war between Dashun and the British East India Company.

The British East India Company, which originally needed the development of the British Industrial Revolution to be overthrown and destroyed, was destroyed by Dashun in a war that conforms to the principles of this era.

The East India Company is dead.

This means that the group of people in Britain who are most opposed to Dashun's trade have lost their political power.

The economic base determines the superstructure, and the bankrupt East India Company naturally has no power.

Their opposition is shit. And their opposition will only cause panic in the whole of Britain: Is it time to let the whole of Britain help the East India Company fight back to India and Malacca, and regain the East India Company's exclusive trade franchise east of the Cape of Good Hope?

As long as Dashun's demands are not too excessive, then in fact, it is a "British and Chinese merchants The alliance has divided the property of the East India Company."

The Dashun merchants got the profit from shipping goods from Songjiang to London.

The rest of the British merchants, who had long been jealous of the profits of trade goods monopolized by the East India Company, got the profits from shipping goods from London to various colonies.

As the saying goes, if you eat alone, you will poop. You can't eat alone.

If the Dashun merchants said, I want to get the profit from shipping from Songjiang to London, and I also want to get the profit from shipping goods from London to various colonies.

That's eating alone.

They couldn't even support a comprador, which forced the British merchants to unite and fight to the end if they wanted to be compradors but couldn't.

Of course, what exactly is Dashun's negotiation conditions, negotiation bottom line, real purpose, and treaty conception? In fact, the group of people on the Dashun side didn't know.

Even the decision-making circle within Dashun was still arguing over whether "the Netherlands should be the comprador and trade center for the whole of Europe" or "each country should manage a few major imperial free trade zones, and Dashun should deliver goods to each country, such as London, Nantes, Cadiz, Odessa, and Petersburg, to engage in port-to-port trade."

But for the British royal party at this time, this was not important.

Whether the negotiation could be successful or in which direction the negotiation would go in the future was not important for the time being.

The important thing now is to analyze the interests of all classes, give a reassurance, pretend to have talked with the Dashun side, and wait for the prisoners to be sent and then announce it quickly or "officially leak" it.

A reassurance that can make the majority support, stabilize the financial situation, and the Tories not think about the return of the king.

Seize the opportunity of "I called the sun out", otherwise it will be troublesome if it is really grabbed by the patriotic Whigs.

The power of the new king will probably shrink again, and he will be suppressed by the families of the parliament.

This is what the Earl of Halifax meant. Negotiations are a matter for both parties, but announcements are unilateral. The bottom line of negotiations can be vague, but those who are uneasy and anxious must be reassured.

Support those who should support, oppose those who should oppose, and those who should not rebel should not rebel first.

The landlords rely on land taxes, and the militia rely on militia laws. The commercial capitalists in coastal cities have to rely on the false news of "negotiations with China" to complete the division.

As long as the differentiation is completed, then we will have an absolute advantage.

Since Pitt and others like to engage in opposition, let them do it. Anyway, if they don't do it, others will do it.

It is better to let Pitt, whose reputation has been reduced to "gambler, war madman, manic patient, and drag the country into the abyss for personal honor", do it.

By then, the group of people who have lost their privileges in the East India Company will definitely oppose the treaty, and Pitt, as an opposition, will definitely oppose the treaty.

Opposing one thing may not necessarily be an ally, but you can turn around and put a big hat on Pitt as the spokesperson of the beneficiaries of privilege and monopoly and the patron saint of smugglers. Because the beneficiaries of privilege and monopoly are both privileged and monopolistic companies and smugglers. Although they look like mortal enemies, they are actually just light and shadow symbiosis.

Although if Pitt's Patriot Party continues to exist, the base will become those textile industry, physical industrial workers, factory owners, etc. who have lost their jobs due to the dumping of Chinese goods. But compared with financial capital and commercial capital, ship owners, big businessmen, etc., these people can hardly make any noise and are pitifully small.