New Shun 1730

"Besides, can the imperial court be the middleman?"

“Tenants who have acquired land will pay the redemption fee to the court instead of paying it directly to the landlord.”

"The imperial court collects redemption fees every year and invests the money in industry. It only pays interest to the landlords."

"Wait until twenty or more than ten years later, and then return the principal to the landlords in one lump sum. Force their 'redemption fee' to be turned into a dead-date industrial development bond, instead of letting them hand over the Gold and silver were invested in buying land and lending money.”

"Or, they can force them to use part of the bonds of mines, railways, and factories as part of the principal to the landowners."

"That is to say, the reclamation plan cannot solve the problem of 'money begets money'. The main reason is that the reclamation land is tens of thousands of miles away from the sea. Therefore, 'money begets money' must be bet on industry."

"As long as, twenty years later, industry develops; or steamships can carry more people and more goods across the sea conveniently."

"Then, twenty years later, these landowners holding the bonds in factories and mines may not be able to exchange the principal. Even if they are exchanged, the silver will inevitably become cheaper by then. If the court issues more treasure banknotes in the past twenty years..."

"In this case, if the landlords are unwilling to engage in industry and commerce, then the court will force them to do it, force them to do it, and directly use the principal of their 'redemption fee' to do it."

"Since the Duke believes that industry and commerce will far outweigh agriculture in the future, then let's take this as a basis and make a big gamble. As long as industry develops and it becomes easier to travel across the ocean, these principals will be nothing in the future - no Speaking of other things, if it is convenient for steamships to cross the sea in the future, wouldn't it be easy for the imperial court to sell the wasteland in Fusang for hundreds of millions of taels to repay the principal of the redemption? "

"This is one of them."

"Secondly, the former Duke of Songsu was also worried about the flow of silver to purchase land. He issued banknotes to force the settlement of silver in foreign trade, artificially creating difficulties for the flow of silver to the inland cultivated land."

"The most important thing for the imperial court now is to reform the currency, take silver and gold as the standard, and abolish the status of copper coins."

"Once this is done, it will be difficult to have two sets of currencies. That way, there will be no hindrance to the flow of silver from Songsu and other places into the cultivated land in the interior."

"Then, can we think of another way to stabilize these floating capitals?"

"For example, using the reputation of the imperial court, especially the reputation achieved through the development of the Fuso Gold Mine in recent years; using the imperial army to take advantage of trade in India and Persia... to open a special lending bank?"

"This lending bank can provide slightly lower-interest loans to factories, mines, etc. The prerequisite is that these factories, mines, etc. use their shares as collateral."

"This lending bank established by the imperial court then used reputation, overseas markets, and the shares mortgaged by these industries and mines as collateral to issue bonds and absorb funds."

"At that time, we can achieve the result of official supervision of all industrial, mining and other industries. Because most of their shares are pledged in this lending bank, the court can use these shares to supervise these industries."

"Secondly, all the floating capital in society will be turned into bonds of lending banks. In essence, it means that all the floating capital in society will become interest-bearing and the floating capital will be fixed. As long as the development of industry and mining If the profit is higher than the interest paid, then this system can be sustained. At the same time, it also avoids the flow of floating capital to private lending, land sales, farmland speculation, etc. "

"Thirdly, businessmen's investment is short-sighted and disorderly. Today, when A is expensive, they will all produce A. But in the future, A will be as low as water, and many investors will go bankrupt."

"If we do this, in essence, the kind of bank I am talking about that lends money to industry and commerce will be the baton of this kind of production. It will make the production of the industrial and mining industry, like an arm and a finger, no longer disorderly. Industry A has a bright future. Then lend them more money; if industry B obviously has no future, then don’t lend them any money.”

"In this way, it is not only in line with the idea of ​​dividing the internal and external areas; it is also equivalent to building a Tianyou Palace and a court in the first-strike area. The talents in this court should be mainly from the practical school, and they should be selected from them The best among them will serve as the ‘commanders’ of developing the industry.”

"That is, the selected top-ranked scholars in practical learning control the development of the industry through the bank; in turn, through this credit bank, the floating capital is fixed and they are not allowed to use it randomly, especially if they are not allowed to use it. Where to go, such as hoarding land, hoarding goods, controlling prices, etc. "

"And in this way, the court has more means at its disposal."

"For example, the policy of Guan Shanhai. If the court can control the prices of overseas saltpeter and guano. Then, it is very simple. The court will not sell the money, but let the small farmers who have obtained the land exchange grain for saltpeter fertilizer. In this way, the court can control the price of saltpeter and guano. The price of grain can be calculated using the method of salt and iron from the mountains, seas, and seas. Taxes can be included in transactions. The court has more resources at its disposal, instead of being unable to buy grain at critical times with only an annual income of tens of millions of taels of silver. "

"For example, it's like building a railway. The court can invest a lot of money in it. However, this kind of industry has slow results and low returns, but it just can't be done without repairing it. After repairing it, the benefits will be endless. Only in this way, these Capital can be forced to invest in places with great benefits but cannot be short-sighted. This does not require much foresight. Just look back at the Grand Canal and you will know how many benefits the Grand Canal will have. "

Liu Yu was not surprised at all that Li Han would have such thoughts.

Of course, Liu Yu said that practical learning was about skills but no Tao, and he only practiced external skills.

Of course, Liu Yu was talking about trade and national wealth.

In fact, Liu Yu either only spoke half of Lao Ma's knowledge, or practiced the opposite at all.

But, after all, some things still change many people's minds in a subtle and silent way.

After all, Lao Ma's thoughts didn't change overnight. It was developed by inheriting criticism on the basis of German classical philosophy, British classical political economics, and the French Utopian Society.

Liu Yu didn’t even understand German classical philosophy. These things may not be in line with the traditional things in Dashun.

Since he is half-explaining Lao Ma's teachings, or practicing them in reverse at all, apart from the German classical philosophy that he really doesn't understand, it is obvious that the "corpse turned into fertilizer" in the two new ideas of British classical political economy and the French Utopian Society, Resurrected as a living person rather than a corpse.

Nathan's "On the Abolition of Poverty" is full of nonsense, and it was never accomplished. But the ideological context is clear - the proletarians who are generally poor in the small-scale peasant economy form an agricultural industrial army, and then use agriculture to force industrial wages to rise.

However, this nonsense is based on the assumption that France has 9.19 million hectares of high-quality wasteland that can be reclaimed at any time, with results in three years and a return on investment in two years.

Therefore, the bullshit in "On the Abolition of Poverty", even though Dashun and other pragmatists have never read this book, and even Nasan's uncle is probably still in the belly of Corsica's mother at this time, still The real school of thought spontaneously came up with the idea of ​​"immigrating to Fusang and eradicating widespread poverty."

And the real thing that is so ridiculous is that under the skin of Saint-Simon's "socialism" and Saint-Simon's "industrialism", France quickly completed the first industrial revolution, industrialization development, and the modernization of Paris. Transformation.

The cornerstone of Saint-Simon's industrialism is "the orderly development of industry, breaking the disorder and anarchy of capitalist production, letting the banking industry and national credit serve as the baton of industry, and government supervision and business management composed of professional elites."

Here, the elite, serve as the brains.

National Credit and the big banks, as arms.

The brain directs the arms.

The arm then directs the industry.

The main line of Saint-Simon's economic thought is very clear.

One: Retain private ownership.

Two: Elite leadership. Industrial committees, including industrial capitalists, big businessmen, and bankers, guide the operation of society.

[Geniuses should maintain complete independence in suitable positions, give them great respect, and grant them control over social wealth and money]

Three: Acknowledge that all the bustle in the world is for benefit, and all the hustle and bustle in the world is for benefit. Lure them with benefits.

That is: [Protect private ownership and recognize private ownership. We should use the temptation of private interests to promote and lure them with national policies, and invest capital in real undertakings such as canals, railways, and bridges. and promote drainage, farming, irrigation, etc.]

[Attract wealthy business owners, businessmen and bankers into industry. Not only should we not blame them, but we should protect them from obtaining legitimate benefits from labor that is beneficial to society]

[Private interest is the only motive that can direct the public interest. 】

In short: The behavior of obtaining legitimate interests in industries that are beneficial to society, that is, industry, commerce, and industry, is the "biggest charity", "the people's rich people", and "industrial capitalists are the biggest philanthropists."

Four: Non-violence, fear of national participation and awakening like the legal revolution, and belief in royal power and imperial power. Place your hopes on the supremacy of imperial power.

[Reformers should not use bayonets to implement their ideas]

[It only takes a group of real elites and real scholars to prepare the national budget. Then with an edict from the king, the change can be completed]

In fact, the things Li Han thought about were not unusual at all, and he thought they were too consistent with Dashun's tradition.

Whether it is the sentiment of private ownership that is deeply rooted in the bone marrow of small real estate, elitist politics, or belief in imperial power.

All too consistent.

Therefore, Liu Yu smiled and said: "This set of things, isn't this the [Five Averages and Six Pipes] and [Guanshan National Rail] in the steam engine era?"

"The school of practical learning selects people to become scholars and become track officials."

"In the banking industry, all five branches are in charge and six are in charge."

"The gentry and landlords did not know the benefits of industry, so they used education, education, and violence to coerce their gold and silver into industrial development."

“His Royal Highness just said that the ‘Reconstruction of the New Deal’ cannot be completed, but a new set of ‘Reconstruction of the New Deal’ has changed hands.”

Li Han also smiled and said: "This time, that time. If there were prospects for steam engines and railways at that time, why would Wang Mang or Jing Gong still base everything on agriculture?"

"Though Wujun's loan and green crop method are based on interest money, doesn't this interest money still come from agriculture?"

"The essence remains unchanged, but the standard is endless. That's the same."

"The foundation of the Jianxing New Deal and Jinggong's reform is still in agriculture. Including the rise of Xianxue in the current era of practical learning, the cycle of immigration, fusang, and reclamation, the roots are still in agriculture. In the final analysis, I still feel that the theory of Xianxue is, If you invest ten dollars in cultivation, you can get twenty dollars back. With this continuous increase in value, the Great Migration will eventually be completed.”

"But I observed the Duke's reforms, especially the immigration of Fusang, and found that the Duke did not think that reclamation, that is, agriculture, especially agriculture across tens of thousands of miles of ocean, could complete this value-added cycle. The Duke's immigration was based on industry and commerce, and agriculture was only auxiliary."

"So, this is a different time."

"If the Duke insists that this is the [Five Equalities and Six Controls] and [Official Mountain National Track] of the steam age... that may not be wrong."

"The key is not whether it is [Five Equalities and Six Controls] and [Official Mountain National Track], the key is that this is the [Industrial] Five Equalities and Six Controls Guanshan National Track."

"In fact, I am betting on one thing. I bet that in twenty years, railway transportation can be used as the Grand Canal; I bet that in twenty years, steamships can cross the ocean and migrate at a very low cost."

"If the bet is successful and the bet is won."

"Then, with What I am talking about is to forcibly redeem the land of the gentry and landlords, pay money at an annual interest rate of 5%, invest the principal in industry as a compulsory fixed-term industrial bond, and return the principal after 20 years. A quick calculation will show that the principal and interest will double in 20 years. "

"Reclamation is not feasible. Unless there are hundreds of millions of acres of wasteland that can be reclaimed at any time in the Central Plains, it is impossible to continue the path of reclamation and promote immigration with the benefits of reclamation."

"Only industry may be able to double these capitals in 20 years. That is, this system can continue to work."

"And I think that the problem of the Celestial Empire lies in infrastructure and logistics; in railways, steamships; in transportation and freight costs. As long as this problem is solved, many problems will no longer be problems. At least, it will no longer be an irreconcilable problem hanging over our heads."