New Shun 1730

The so-called plethora of crisis, or overproduction crisis, has never been seen before.

Normally, the steps for humans to understand the world are to first discover problems and then summarize the laws. But Dashun is different after all. Before it happened, someone had actually seen it.

And in the three crooked classics of Dashun's economics, the landlord problem was involved, and the concept of "effective demander" was covered from the beginning. It was precisely the rentier class of Dashun who, in the process of finding rationality for their existence, caused the problem of "what to do if things can't be sold and there are no effective demanders".

Now some people in Dashun who have opened their eyes to the world know very well that Dashun's economy is now extremely overheated.

After the development of Fusang gold and silver mines before and after Liu Yu ran away, a large amount of precious metals flowed into Dashun, finally solving the problem of insufficient currency that had plagued the middle Ming Dynasty. The large amount of currency coincided with the emergence of the results of the first industrial revolution in Dashun and the victory of the First World War. It can be said that it has spent twenty years of roaring development.

The world is so small. Needless to say, many problems have already been buried in Europe, India, East Asia, and Africa.

And the rest of America, especially South America, which is crucial to the world economy at this time - to this day, South America is still a place that can cause world shocks in this era when gold and silver are the world's currencies - is actually going to have problems.

The end of World War I gave the aging Spain a shot in the arm. Ambitious Carlos III felt that he was back on his feet. He seized the prestige of the victory of World War I after the Dashun joined the war and launched a series of reforms to strengthen centralization.

If you don't have the ability to reform this thing, especially the reform to strengthen centralization, it's best not to do it blindly. If you don't do it well, you'll easily lose yourself.

On the homeland, he went to war with the Jesuits, confiscated property, ordered them to return to secular life, and limited the number of priests, etc.

As for the colonies, they began to clean up the "local tyrants" in the colonies. The Spanish colonies were divided into peninsula people who came from the mother country, and mixed-race people who mixed with Indians after they went there in the early years, or white people who were born in the colonies for several generations. The latter were considered local tyrants, after all, they had been deeply rooted for hundreds of years.

Carlos III's policy was actually to send local officials to exchange blood, and to clean up the problem of close relations between colonial officials and local tyrants.

The problem was that among the nearly four million white people in South America at that time, the so-called "peninsula people", that is, those who were born in the local area, were only about 30,000.

The Manchu Qing Dynasty knew how to rule by holding imperial examinations and using scholars to maintain it.

Carlos III's reforms were completely ignorant of the depth of the world. He dismissed a large number of local officials, priests, etc., and replaced them all with local people.

In itself, the middle and lower classes were dissatisfied with the motherland.

This time, the local tyrants, gentry and other upper classes were also offended.

If they still don't revolt, it would be a miracle.

In fact, this is normal. Dashun has only been operating in Fusang for a few decades, and local tyrants have already appeared. They are already quite dissatisfied with Dashun's control over Fusang's land, restrictions on land transactions, and the policy of not allowing private enclosure and land speculation.

However, Spain is Spain and Dashun is Dashun.

Dashun was the main force to win the First World War, while Spain was just a free rider.

Dashun's population and military power are more than enough to suppress the tyrants in the colonies, but Spain is definitely not. The key is that Spain was poor in the early years. Before Dashun joined the war, Spain felt that the war was looming, so it began to recruit troops in South America and use South America's finances to support the troops to guard against British invasion. This also gave a large number of mixed-race people or local factions guns - a kind of militia.

Of course, the most critical thing is the policies of both sides.

Dashun's attitude towards the North American colonies inherited Liu Yu's policy system - a pressure relief valve. Sooner or later, it will be out of control, and all policies are as convenient as possible for people to go there.

Therefore, the policy is "to forcibly create the existence of social relations such as capital under orthodox colonialism", that is: nationalization of land - administratively assigned land prices - migration - wage labor - currency purchase of land for self-cultivation - the next wave of immigrants.

This means that this policy and North American capitalists must rely on this strange colonial policy maintained by the mother country system to make their industry exist and not collapse.

Some big businessmen are thinking about land speculation and are dissatisfied with Dashun's land policy. But real industrial capital is dependent on the mother country.

Therefore, it can be stable.

As for Spain's colonial policy and its local production capacity, there is no need to mention it - in a word, if Spain's colonial commercial policy is at the level of Dashun's handicraft industry, there is nothing wrong with it; but Spain has no handicraft industry capacity, and has purged Jews, Moors and Protestants, and even plays a mercantilist colonial policy to treat the colonies as its own market, which is pure bullshit.

With the victory of World War I, the negotiation and settlement of the Gibraltar and Luzon issues, the development of Chilean saltpeter mines and Dashun's needs, and the industrial production capacity cooperation between the Spanish royal family and Dashun, the control policy was tightened again. It was inevitable that something would happen in Latin America.

However, nothing has happened yet.

In the past 20 years, Latin America has also become a new market for Dashun.

In addition: Li Li put pressure on Japan again for the soybean issue, continued expansion and development in the direction of India, and the prosperity of Amsterdam, the "comprador concession" after the victory of World War I...

In order to protect the natural economy, Dashun adopted a policy of internal and external division.

The large amount of capital pouring into Fuso could not go deep into the interior to buy land and hoard land, which was very suffocating. With such a large market after World War I, investment was naturally crazy.

Cotton textile industry, commercial canals, commercial railways in developed regions and colonies, iron smelting and coal mining, shipbuilding, transportation, cotton and indigo plantations, glass manufacturing, papermaking, porcelain, steam-pressed tea foam, real estate and architecture in developed cities...

Full of vitality, everything is booming, that's all "modest".

It's already crazy.

The problem is that this crazy vitality is based on the basically stable and peaceful world order after World War I, and it is also based on the background of Dashun's seizing the world market under the banner of free trade.

However, Europe is about to be in chaos. France after the end of World War I is the core of Europe. Once France is in chaos, the whole of Europe will be in chaos. The chaos in France was inevitable. The reforms that flipped like pancakes, the natural order today and Colbertism tomorrow, and the reform lovers who flipped back and forth between the left and right sides pushed this chaos to the critical point.

The Indian issue, along with the fact that Dashun wanted to swallow up the "spinning industry" to accommodate more employed people, and the use of spinning machines, and the usury land annexation caused by Dashun's reform of the land system and small property system in India, were also about to explode.

Persia was already in chaos.

Japan was also ready to move.

The Latin American issue, because of Dashun's post-war treatment of Britain in World War I, triggered a wave of Latin American independence in thought - free trade.

How should I put it? This matter is a reason that is more like "you reap what you sow".

Spain's colonial policy restricted the development of industry and commerce in Latin America.

Since Latin America's industry and commerce were restricted, there was no industrial class that contradicted Dashun's slogan of free trade: for example, in Lyon, the silk weavers in Lyon wanted to burn Liu Yu's coffin and pulverize his bones; for example, in Lancashire, the cotton textile workers wanted to burn and smash all the merchant ships of Dashun.

But the problem is that Spain's previous colonial policy made Latin America have neither Lyon nor Lancashire - there was a chance. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Mexico's silk weaving industry used Asian silk, which was quite developed, but Spain killed it.

This led to the fact that the upper class in Latin America tended to favor free trade in terms of class.

Because the powerful people in Latin America were either big landlords or big estate owners, they did not conflict with Dashun's industry and were eager to use cheaper goods.

After Spain won the First World War, the result of the negotiations with Dashun was that Spain continued to engage in royal semi-monopoly trade based on Dashun's supply.

That is to say, yes, Spain has no industrial production capacity, but I get goods from Dashun, which is equivalent to the goods growing from merchant ships? As long as the merchant ships are on the royal side, then the profits belong to the royal family?

And the powerful and local factions in Latin America are not engaged in industry, not even handicrafts. They naturally have a good impression of the free trade that Dashun shouted when dealing with Britain, and spread a large number of books, completing the economic enlightenment movement.

In addition, Dashun, France, Spain, Portugal, etc., after the Lisbon earthquake, worked together to kill the Jesuits, which also caused many radical ideas to spread in Latin America.

Historically, Adam Smith criticized Britain's economic philosophy as "philosophy of production" and did not consider the problem from the perspective of consumers at all.

Dashun, which won the First World War, criticized Britain's call for free trade from this perspective: Look, you have accumulated so much gold and silver for one or two hundred years, it's time to live a good life. If you want to engage in free trade, it will benefit every consumer. Those who could only wear linen before can now upgrade their consumption and wear cotton.

And because of Spain's previous colonial policy, Spain's Latin American colonies had no industry at all. Of course, Spain itself had no industry either.

This made this "economics of consumption rather than production" very popular in Latin America.

Spain's system is different from Colbertism.

Colbertism is about imposing tariffs to protect domestic industries, replacing domestic industries as much as possible, and using taxes and treasury revenues as primitive accumulation to directly inject capital into industries.

Spain's system is the royal family monopolizing trade. Clearly, cloth that can be sold for one dollar under free trade is sold to Latin America for two dollars. The royal family is acting as a middleman.

This does not mean that being a middleman is definitely not okay. For primitive accumulation, "heroes" don't ask where they come from. Cheating, deceiving, and stealing are all okay.

It's not impossible to be a middleman to engage in primitive accumulation. This is equivalent to imposing a consumption tax on Latin America.

The problem is that as a middleman, the money was earned and the smuggling problem was solved, but Spain was used to spending money, and the money earned was not used to develop industry at all, but was spent.

For Dashun.

Or, for Li Li at that time.

The focus of this matter is indeed that Latin America will be in chaos.

But the focus of Latin America's chaos is not the outbreak of polycythemia.

Given Dashun's current overheated economy and the imminent chaos in Europe, India and Persia, whether there is more chaos in Latin America will have little impact on the outbreak of Dashun's economic polycythemia.

With it, it's fifty-eight, without it, it's forty.

The key lies in Li Li's judgment on the prosperity after the crisis.

If... Europe is in chaos, Spain collapses, and Latin America is separated.

Based on the class situation in Latin America at this time, there is basically no industry, and the big estates and landlords are definitely inclined to free trade.

At that time, doesn't it mean that the door is wide open, and Dashun can get a market that is absolutely inclined to free trade, huge, very close to the reclamation of Fusang, and can trigger the next wave of prosperity of Dashun after the crisis?

Unless there is a strong man in Latin America. Strong enough to unify Latin America, and still an industrialist after the separation from Spain, practice Colbertism, rule harshly at home, purge the natural order faction, and forcibly pull up the industry.

But this possibility is too small to be ignored. The problems of landlords and farmers are not clear, and the powerful families with large estate ownership want to separate, so let's forget about industry.

Therefore, Li Li believes that the "first ray of hope" is to "take advantage of the cyclical nature of the crisis."

That is, when the crisis breaks out and asset prices plummet, the government relies on the treasury and banks to purchase the plummeting assets, so that the proportion of the official economy controlled by the court increases rapidly.

It is easy to collapse if you play this way.

But what if there is a wave of prosperity immediately after playing this game?

Moreover, the Latin American issue and the issue of Fusang immigration of Dashun are complementary, after all, they are closer.

If Europe is in chaos, Spain explodes, and Latin America is divided, Dashun can instantly turn Latin America into a dumping ground for its own goods by relying on its size, advantages, and the foundation of Chilean saltpeter and copper mine trade, as well as the foundation of previous cooperation and trade with the Spanish royal family.

At least, it can prosper after the crisis.

As for how Spain explodes... During World War I, Liu Yu buried a mine. The problems of Gibraltar and Luzon have not been solved. Once France is in chaos, Spain will explode, and Dashun will definitely find a point of entry.

And this issue, for Dashun, is ultimately a question of "redemption".

Redemption, redemption, you have to have something to redeem. If you don't have anything, how can you redeem or buy?

Li Xi and the prince made it very clear that although the railway to the northeast was built before, it completed the transformation of Shandong landlords, but in fact it was exchanged for the land north of the Songliao watershed.

The land situation of Dashun, the deformed economy based on agricultural surplus and the strong small peasant economy in the interior, relying on the so-called "tenant redemption, landlords get capital, and then invest in industry and commerce" is pure nonsense.

Taking Luosha's serfdom reform as an example, the redemption issue is different in Dashun and Russia.

Russia's serfdom reform and redemption are essentially the privatization of public land. Farmers pay money to landlords, allowing landlords to quickly get primitive accumulation; and the serfs who originally had land have become workers with nothing. As a result, agriculture and industry have developed. Because Russian agriculture was so backward, so backward that serfdom could be preserved until that time, so if the model of landlords hiring people to farm the land was established, agriculture would indeed develop rapidly. Moreover, a large number of free peasants who did not even have their own land were created to work in factories.

The problem of Dashun was exactly the opposite.

Did Dashun lack people to work in factories?

No.

Did Dashun's redemption privatize public land, and then mass-produce landlords and rich peasants to develop agriculture?

No.

On the contrary, Dashun's redemption was an attempt to eliminate landlords and mass-produce self-employed farmers.

Why?

Because Dashun's current per-acre yield is not low, which is the basic ceiling of the blast furnace iron and ox-plowing era. What needs to be solved is the problem of a large number of people who are about to have no food to eat, rather than creating a large number of business landlords.

In other words, Dashun does not want capital to flow into arable land at all.

In Russia, capital flows to cultivated land, per-acre yields can rise rapidly, productivity develops, and agricultural products are improved.

The situation in Dashun is the basic ceiling of the era of blast furnaces and iron oxen plowing ridges. Capital flows to land, per-acre yields basically do not rise, but all land is treated as fixed asset investment, waiting to collect rent.

So, since it is not a similar situation at all, don't try to imitate others.

The purpose of the redemption policy is purely to force capital to run to industry, not to run to land, at least not in the inland. As for the colonies, they can run as they please.

In other words, because the return on investment in real industry is too low, it is far lower than the return on buying land and collecting rent under the intensification of population expansion and land contradictions.

Dashun can only choose this strange method: I can't solve the problem of low return rate, so I just give you no chance to return it?

This is exactly the opposite of the redemption of serfdom reform in Europe.

There is privatization of public land, mass production of landlords and rich peasants.

On the other hand, the Dashun regime nationalized private land, or at least eliminated its ability to be used as a financial investment.

Therefore, the essence of the problem was not the redemption itself, but the problem of "capital flowing to industry, but not industrial and commercial capital flowing back to agriculture".

Redemption itself is not the essence.

But redemption itself is the key.

In name, it is said that the whole world belongs to the king.

But in fact, this is bullshit.

When Li Zicheng was in power, he still called for equal distribution of land and exemption of grain. When Xinshun was established, wasn't there still no equal distribution? If you dare to equalize land, people will shave their heads.

The Yongdianquan peasants’ uprising in Fujian was suppressed by the local gentry who took the “Manchurian Taijun” to suppress it, after all, they were not familiar with the road.

The slave rebellion in Yi County was also [the county’s gentry went to the county to ask for troops, and then they captured the leaders of the rebellious slaves, and crucified them in the market. Those who were always cautious were spared from death and served as servants in the servants’ houses as before]

The Taicang slave rebellion was also after the gentry welcomed the “king’s army”. After suppressing it, the gentry shaved their heads and were very proud: the slaves said that slaves should not rest with heaven and earth, which is the true slave’s words…

So, if you don’t directly raise an army to revolt, but want to reform and reform, you can only buy it.

Buy it, at least if you directly distribute the land equally, you will definitely resist, maybe you will think about it, hey, since you don’t resist.

The pressure will be much less.

Since you are talking about redemption, you must have something to redeem.

If you don’t have anything, how to redeem?

It is meaningless for small farmers to redeem themselves.

Small farmers redeem their land by themselves, but still have to pay rent to the landlord. In other words, after paying for ten, twenty or thirty years, the land will be theirs.

Didn't they pay rent before that?

The landlords didn't say they would invest the rent they paid before in industry, right?

Only if "redemption is turned into compulsory industrial bonds and compulsory national debt savings" will this matter make sense.

In other words, the landlords' money must be forced to flow to industry to complete the transformation.

They don't know how to transfer or what to do, so they need the court to force them to transfer and direct them step by step.

But Dashun is now facing a new problem.

That is what Li Li said, with external expansion, economic prosperity, trade surplus, and North American gold and silver, the capital of the developed regions is strong. If there is any industry that really makes money, it is in this crazy and roaring twenty years of development. Is it the turn of the government to run it?

Even if redemption is regarded as a compulsory industrial bond, where will the Dashun court invest?

Seeing that the polycythemia crisis is about to break out, it is time to make compulsory industrial bonds and crazy investments. Is that impatient to live?

This is where the disagreement lies.

What does the Xian School mean by equalizing land?

Redemption? Redemption? Just equalize, and after the equalization, the state will become the biggest landlord.

Collect the land rent, build shipyards, and relocate people, without considering profits or returns.

According to the limit of about 100 million taels per mu tax per year, or directly convert it into grain.

Official shipbuilding, iron smelting, agricultural machinery, animal husbandry and other industries.

Official recruitment of sailors, seamen, teachers, etc.

Send people to Fuso in waves until the foundation of "a family of five, a hundred mu of land" is finally completed, and then let the industry be fully rolled out.

Destroy and then build, solve the problem of industry and commerce in the interior of Dashun, all relying on compulsory land rent and agricultural surplus, and change the service objects of industry and commerce to agricultural producers, that is, self-cultivating farmers who have enough land to produce for the purpose of exchange value.

In this process, the court needs high pressure, an extremely powerful state machine, and an extremely expanded bureaucratic system that makes the redundant officials of the Song Dynasty feel ashamed.

Without considering any investment or return at all, it purely relies on compulsory taxation of small farmers as investment, and does it for 20 to 30 years until Fusang has a population of 100 million, Nan Dayang and Xin Kuwu have a population of 50 to 60 million, and the average land per household is 100 mu.

The fundamental reason why Li Li opposed this was very simple: if it is difficult, the court will do it. The bourgeoisie will not make any effort at all, just waiting for the formation of a large market of 300 to 400 million people, and developing it with all their strength, right? By then, the industry will be dominated by you, the power of the bourgeoisie will be infinitely expanded, and the huge internal contradictions that can kill you will disappear. What use will the emperor have?

In the new era you imagine, is there a place for the emperor?

It seems that I am bitterly resentful of pressing gold thread every year and making wedding clothes for others, right?

As for the fear of forming new things like Guanlong Group and Huaixi Group, that is secondary.

The essence of the so-called progressive emperor is this: jumping around, instigating conflicts, and being the benefactor of all classes.

For example, Li Xi envisioned that the Henan and Anhui regions would be scarecrows to scare the emerging classes and eliminate the radical thoughts of the Dashun region in recent years.

This matter is very different from what the Xianxue School did and what the emperor did.

If the Xianxue School did it, it would definitely get a bunch of officials and grassroots with practical knowledge to bring soldiers to carry out equal land distribution. After that, taxes would be levied, industries would be developed, and people would be relocated.

In this process, there would definitely be a lot of dissatisfaction.

The dissatisfaction of landlords, gentry, original self-cultivating farmers, dissatisfaction with issues such as land skin and bones, etc., etc., a lot of things.

These dissatisfactions are definitely directed at the court. If they cannot be suppressed, it is easy to cause a big incident.

The idea of ​​the Xianxue School itself is not to combine with the working people, but purely a top-down "salvation". If this does not cause something like the Qingmiao Law, then go to hell.

But Li Xi's approach is very different.

If the capital that has gone crazy in the crisis is released, it will only take two or three years at most to make the Henan and Anhui regions angry and explode.

The Henan and Anhui regions are deadly places, especially after the Huaihe River was regulated, the Yellow River was diverted, the railway was built, and the first prosperity was achieved, the divided blocks made this kind of uprising controllable in Li Li's view.

Relying on the uprising, using methods similar to the "Refugees" incident, radical ideas will recede, and at the same time, the traditionalists will have fear and dissatisfaction with the emerging class.

And since it is an uprising, there must be killing.

This was not killed by the court.

It was killed by the rebels.

Landlords, gentry, compradors, merchants, etc., if we kill them, won't the land deeds be vacant?

With the construction of railways, the diversion of the Yellow River, and the management of the Huai River, this wave of uprisings has become immobile and will not amount to anything in the end.

How did Liu Yu destroy Yangzhou back then? In addition to the background of changing the canal transport to sea transport, he also deliberately indulged the rebels, frightened the rich merchants and merchants to bring their capital to Songsu, and took the opportunity to get money from real estate and set up a lot of industries.

Li Xi naturally thought that if you can do it, why can't I?

When the time comes, we will toss a wave, and then suppress or recruit them afterwards, and then collect the vacant land as official land and divide it up to win people's hearts.

By the way, pull out a wave of "conservative" new troops who have a blood feud with the emerging class and station them in the first-developed areas.

In this way.

For the bourgeoisie, it was the emperor who wiped their asses, otherwise these rebels would not rush to you and hang you on the tree?

The emperor is the benefactor of the bourgeoisie.

For the landless poor peasants and unemployed handicraftsmen, it was the emperor who collected the land and distributed it to you.

The emperor was the benefactor of these poor peasants and unemployed handicraftsmen.

For the hired workers, due to the crisis and unemployment caused by the uprising, the emperor recruited a group of soldiers and sent another group of people to Fusang for reclamation.

The emperor was the one of these hired workers.

For the landlords, of course, it didn't matter that the landlords who had been killed were dead. For the landlords in other places, it was the emperor who put down the uprising. If there was no court, wouldn't you all be finished?

The emperor was the benefactor of the landlords and gentry in other places.

After this wave of tossing, the situation in Henan and Anhui will change greatly.

The original old grassroots rule collapsed, and the imperial examination reform was basically completed at this time. Another wave of officials was selected to directly establish a new order from the places where the old order had been destroyed by the rebels.

And the migration of people had to come in waves.

Taking advantage of the cycle of crisis and prosperity; taking advantage of the opportunity to blow up Spain and open up the Latin American market to create an opportunity for prosperity.

Complete the equal distribution of land, migration, transformation, and redemption in Henan and Anhui.

In this way, the court has large areas in the Northeast, the capital, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, and northern Zhejiang, which have both stable self-cultivating farmers and completed reforms.

The rest can be tossed slowly. Whether it is population or economy, the regions that have completed reforms have an absolute advantage.

For the rest, whether it is slow or sudden, the initiative is in the hands of the court.

And Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi, these places are close to the sea and can go to Southeast Asia.

And to solve Spain, Luzon can be taken back. At that time, there is no need to be polite to the Spaniards in Luzon. What churches, what manors, what real estate, all will be confiscated, anyway, there is no fear of retaliation. Since there are real estate and church property seized from Spain, and they are close, this can also solve Fujian’s population problem.

As long as we say that by then, with the help of the next crisis, the regions where basic reforms will be completed include Northeast China, Beijing, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Anhui and other regions, the rest will be controllable and not a big problem.

Of course, it is easy to mess up if we do this.

But if we don't mess up, there will be a good chance to seize that ray of hope.

However, Li Li estimated that he would probably not live to see that time. After all, this ray of hope is based on the premise that the plethora of blood crisis breaks out.

During the whole process, the only controllable external situation is actually a resistance movement that breaks up Spain and supports Latin America.

The rest can only be said to be left to fate.

Maybe France will explode tomorrow, and then trigger a chain reaction, Dashun's trade with Europe will be ruined, and the crisis will explode.

Or maybe, it may take a long time, and Europe will explode only when it can't stand the impact of Dashun's goods.

These are all uncontrollable. After all, to break up Spain, Europe must be in chaos, and there is a chance to do it in one step.

As a defeatist, from Li Li's perspective, keeping the crown is an act of their family to change their fate. Whether it succeeds or not, it can only be done by doing one's best and leaving it to fate.

It's nothing more than that he believes that he can't live for much longer, and he is afraid that he will die suddenly one day, so he can only hand these things over to the prince.

He also wants the prince to increase his prestige and reputation while he is still alive.

And the most important character setting - the "progressive" prince.

There is no need to gain prestige and reputation with the old school of imperial examinations. That group of people are die-hard conservatives, who will neither rebel nor do earth-shattering things, nor have a program that doesn't sound ridiculous.

So the place to gain reputation is the group of practical school and the school of prominent learning.

Because this group of people have a program that doesn't sound ridiculous, it is necessary to use the imperial examination reform to divide this group of people.

Pull away a group, drive away a group, and at the same time establish a persona of "not no reform, but whether to take the left foot or the right foot first", so that some people who may be disappointed and turn radical will not be disappointed, at least continue to wait and see.

In other words, let a group of people who may have felt that Dashun was doomed and hopeless in this imperial examination reform storm "dig the Yellow River channel".

After telling the prince about the general idea of ​​​​the glimmer of hope around the overproduction crisis, Li Li said in the prince's extremely surprised eyes: "Now it is different from the past. The era of living in the deep palace and shaping the sacred by distance is over."

"Practical science has emerged, and now even the nebula hypothesis of the origin of the universe is talked about. The divinity of the emperor is no longer there. It is no longer enough to just wait and see what happened in the past."

"The old Confucian school cannot achieve anything. The rule of the Three Generations is all nonsense and cannot be realized at all. Since they have no program, they have no threat."

"The New Practical School, they can achieve things. At least they have a future that can be deduced. If they are completely disappointed, the world will be in chaos."

"Xian Xue is now very powerful, and Practical Xue also needs sect leaders. Now is the time to think of ways to divide Xian Xue, and you will be the leader of Practical Xue."

“In order to differentiate the explicit learning and establish a new authentic school of practical learning, we must first acknowledge the future they inferred, but deny their route to the future.”

"The old Confucian people, their teachings are originally loyal to the emperor. In the future, you will be the emperor, and your righteousness will be there."

"As for those people who are practical and Xianxue, they recognize the Tao but not the people, and they follow the Tao but not the ruler. You must come up with the truth and the line to achieve the righteousness."

"To put it simply, industrialism and cultivation of fusang are two things that cannot be changed."

"Between these two things, you have to tell the truth about how to do it, how to do it, and what to do first and then what to do. If you just talk in vain, not only will you not gain fame, but you will also attract their ridicule."

"The turmoil of the imperial examination reform does not put much pressure on the old school. This time you have to reason with the practical school and pull away most of them. It will be easy to show the quality of learning."

"Fortunately, before Duke Xingguo left in the past, he left a volume of the book to me. I have studied it more over the years, and secretly peeked into the discussion of Xianxue. They have not yet grasped the essence, and they can overcome the differences and establish another Xianxue. In the past few days, I have I can talk to you and listen.”

When the prince heard this, he was surprised, but among the many surprises, he still asked the question he wanted to know the most.

"Father, in the past, Duke Xingguo left a book with my father before he left. So, could some of the books now pretending to be written by Duke Xingguo also be left by him?"

"If it is true that he left it, there are many contents in it... I think it is too terrifying."

Li Han glanced at the prince and smiled, but did not answer the question directly. Instead, he told a story from a long time ago.

In the story, the title also changed from me to me, which is just a distant memory.

"Many, many years ago, it was when the imperial court first went to Southeast Asia. Duke Xingguo asked me that the Dutch merchants actually chose to cooperate in the battle in Nanyang. So who here has the greatest credit?"

"I gave a lot of answers, but Duke Ke Xing denied them all."

"Finally, he told me that the ones who made the greatest contribution were those who made cloth, made tea, fired porcelain, and reeled silk. Without these people, no matter how talented they were, this thing wouldn't be possible. This is cornerstone."

"I thought he was still people-oriented, but he told me that the cornerstone did not mean people-oriented in an empty sense. Rather, it meant that these people who knead cloth and fry tea were the real force that made the Dutch merchants surrender. "

"Gong Xingguo said that he could defeat the Dutch fleet, but without this cornerstone, it would be impossible to get the Dutch merchants to surrender and cooperate. Even if it is possible to go to Nanyang, without such a cornerstone, the voyage to Nanyang would not be possible. It’s time to go to Nanyang.”

"Perhaps it could be to go to Nanyang to farm, maybe it could be to go to Nanyang to collect spices, maybe it could be to go to Nanyang to collect tribute. But it is definitely impossible to go to Nanyang like this to cooperate with Dutch commercial capital and sell goods to Europe to make money. Silver's voyage to Nanyang."

"When I think about it, it makes sense. Even with the work of those who rub cloth and fry tea, it may not necessarily be like this. Maybe you don't have to go to Nanyang, and maybe you don't have to do business after going to Nanyang."

"However, without them, this outcome would certainly not have been possible."

After telling this long-standing story, Li Han sighed, as if he was reminiscing about something, and said slowly: "Now, a new group of workers has appeared, and a new group of so-called classes have appeared."

"They are the cornerstone of change. Without them, it would be like going to Nanyang without rubbing cloth to fry tea. It would be impossible to cooperate with Dutch merchants to sell goods."

"But does that mean that with them and the new class, we will spontaneously move towards something inevitable within a few decades?"

"For example, with those group of people rubbing cloth and making tea, will they definitely be able to go to Nanyang and cooperate with Dutch merchants to sell goods?"

"Obviously, no."

"Whether those circulating books were left by him or not is not important."

"The contents written in those books are nothing more than "because of the production of rubbing cloth and fried tea, the results of cooperation with Dutch commercial capital can be achieved."

"But to do things, what we actually need is a book called "How to Achieve the Results of Cooperation with Dutch Business Capital."

"To make it happen, what is needed is "Under the current specific conditions in Dashun, how can we defeat the Dutch expedition to Nanyang and achieve the result of cooperation with Dutch commercial capital?"

Speaking of this, Li Han smiled.

"The coffin of Duke Xingguo has been buried. After his death, he knew that everything would be in vain. He is already dead, so how can he know what the [specific conditions currently in Dashun] are?"

"So at most he can leave some truths such as "Because of the production of rubbing tea, it is possible to achieve the result of cooperation with Dutch commercial capital." These truths are definitely correct, but what should be done and the specific conditions at this time What to do next, it’s impossible for him to write.”

"Because the things that Duke Xingguo was most taboo about during his lifetime were to carve out a boat to seek a sword, imitate others, and wait for the rabbit. Then how could he have left any writing related to [Da Shun's current specific conditions] decades ago?"

"So, it doesn't matter whether those things were left behind by him. Because that's the truth, I can see it, and it doesn't make it wrong just because I am the emperor."

"The truth is here. What the Chinese people need is, for example, "Under the current specific conditions of Dashun, how can we defeat the Dutch expedition to Nanyang and achieve the result of cooperation with Dutch commercial capital?" However, the Dutch, Based on this principle, we can propose "Under the current specific conditions of the Netherlands, what can be done to hinder the Great Shun from going to Nanyang, and continue to grasp the commercial hegemony and dominance, and prevent the Great Shun from taking the commercial dominance."

…………

…………

A few months later.

Along with the debate on the reform of the imperial examination system, and the greater controversy caused by the "progressive" crown prince's speech in the practical school.

The young people of the "Tongru Society" who made fun of themselves gathered together for the last time in Laijin Yuxuan.

Everyone shook hands at the end, said to each other, "We have different paths, we don't want to work together," and then went their separate ways.

Some people follow the crown prince, follow the staff, make suggestions, and firmly believe in reform.

Some people are willing to join the army and believe that the transformation can be completed by relying on external market expansion.

Some people put aside their political opinions and join the Academy of Sciences to explore the infinity of the universe and the mysteries of physics.

Some people have picked up the Analects of Confucius again and, together with people from the Yan-Li School and the Taizhou School, are trying to engage in rural construction, rural covenants, rural ethics, rural sages, gentlemen, and schools.

Some people sold their property and took a group of people across the ocean, hoping to create an ideal paradise in a small country with few people, where everyone worked and no one took away the fruits of others' labor.

Some people raise equity capital and set up industries, thinking that since the future is inevitable, there is no need to rush for the moment.

Some people formed a small clique of conspirators, prepared bombs, and attacked the yamen responsible for the imperial examination reform. They wanted to force the court to abandon this reform and instead use radical means of promoting education and equalizing land, and completing the relocation in thirty years.

Some people contact those who want to take the old disciplines and replace them with those who are famous and practical scholars. They want to imitate the old things written by the public and expound the disadvantages of gradual change and the advantages of rapid change. As a result, their reputation becomes more and more prominent, and they are practical scholars. see.

Some people went into factories or traveled to villages to observe changes, inquire about demands, think about the future, think about what to do, and figure out what to do under the current conditions of Dashun.

(Complete book)