New Shun 1730

This forced "civilization" also caused a lot of jokes.

For example, during the negotiations, Count Tolstoy, who was forced to death by Liu Yu, was ordered by Peter to manage the official "silk factory" and "high-end textile workshop" in Peter's era. The initial talents were mainly craftsmen from Turkey, Persia and other places.

This is why the golden fur that Qingwen mended in "Dream of Red Mansions" came from Russia, a hell of a place. Russia has silk factories and high-end fabric factories, and there are certain craftsmen who can produce Persian-style golden fur.

But the results of setting up silk factories and high-end fabric factories in Russia... can be imagined.

First, Peter found that whether it was the Peter Gang or the old aristocrats around him, asking them to manage official factories, the results were basically the same: losses.

Second, for example, in the metallurgical industry, Russia really has no shortage of mines, and relying solely on official enterprises is really impossible to develop on a large scale, and the scale is not enough.

So after Peter officially established a series of handicraft factories, he fully decentralized them and handed them over to private individuals, and even forced them to be handed over to private individuals and forced private individuals to accept them.

Russia is completely different from Dashun.

In Dashun, more than a thousand years ago, private ownership of land, free trade, and even the equal-field system of the Tang Dynasty had already disintegrated.

Dashun had no shortage of people to open handicraft factories, and there would never be a shortage of people.

There was no need to carry out any enclosure movement to create a large number of landless farmers. The landless population from normal land annexation alone could not be used up by Dashun's current handicraft industry.

Russia was different.

Russia had no shortage of land, and there were almost no free farmers, and generally speaking, free farmers were unlikely to go bankrupt.

There were only three types of farmers in Russia.

Royal court farmers, similar to the farmers on the imperial farms and imperial fields in the Celestial Empire.

Landlord farmers, that is, village serfs, needless to say.

The rest were state-owned farmers - similar to the equal-field system of the Tang Dynasty, each farmer was allocated 15 Russian acres, or about 130 acres of land, which were allotments and could not be bought, sold, or transferred. All farmers were registered as equal citizens, and they were jointly responsible for mutual protection.

Farmers in imperial farms could not be moved.

Landlord farmers, that is, village serfs, were not actually controlled by the Tsar.

If you want to develop handicrafts, you can only rely on state-owned farmers.

However, the problem in Russia is that if you have 130 acres of land, will you work in a handicraft factory? Will you go to the Ural Mountains to mine?

However, just like the equal-field system in the Tang Dynasty, since the equal-field system gives you a share of land, you must assume obligations.

So Russia's bizarre handicraft system emerged: state-owned farmers in the equal-field system serve handicraft factories for half a month to one month every year. This is used to compensate for head taxes and labor service, or it is a kind of feudal corvee like the labor service of Dashun farmers.

This is like the military households of the Ming Dynasty, who have to spend one month every year to serve in factories instead of their training and military service. Not much.

Therefore, Russia's handicraft industry cannot develop at all.

There is no shortage of people, but if you open a handicraft factory, a group of people come today, just learn, go home half a month later, and a new group of people come... If this can develop, it will be a ghost.

Speaking of feudalism, it is real feudalism, standard feudal obligations. There is no essential difference between the military service and guard duty of the Tang Dynasty soldiers and working in factories.

Speaking of capital, it is also capital. The government-run factories are decentralized to private enterprises, and the handicraft factories with division of labor and cooperation, especially the metallurgical industry, have some backbone skilled workers, and a large number of state-owned farmers who come to serve are responsible for mining and transportation, and are paid by piecework.

The old feudal characteristics cannot be abolished all at once.

New capital means cannot appear all at once.

So this kind of capitalist embryonic transition mixed with feudal labor was promoted in Russia by Peter by "force".

In Peter's words, this is called "this is the only way for Russia to catch up with Western Europe."

Chickens don't pee, each has its own way.

When he arrived in St. Petersburg, he knew many characteristics of Russia, which also greatly touched Liu Yu's heart. The path taken by Russia, the path taken by Britain, and the path taken by France are all different.

And what path should Dashun take?

Russia's road must have many shortcomings. From the perspective of later generations, there are many problems.

But the strange thing is that although 10,000 shortcomings can be pointed out on this road, no other effective road that is in line with Russia's national conditions at that time can be formulated.

In fact, the ratio of free employees and forced service in Russia's handicraft industry was only half and half until after the war, and the peasants were very unhappy, and riots broke out one after another.

This also infers that the state-owned peasants "Fubing" in Russia did have a lot of land at home, and the "free" employees must have been "free" to work as employees because they could not survive without land.

Only a fool would go to work with 130 acres of land.

This special situation in Russia is also exactly in line with some of the technology transfers planned by Liu Yu.

The textile industry needs skilled workers. Before Russia's broken place reaches Central Asia and the railway is built, cotton can't be thought of.

Russians wear linen and grow cold crops such as nettles and flax, which are definitely far inferior to cotton cloth, and they are also very competitive when shipped by sea.

And textiles are exactly the important commodities that Dashun can export to Russia. Therefore, it will not support Russia's textile industry at all.

For example, glass manufacturing certainly requires skilled workers, but things like transporting raw materials, mining, and grinding do not require such skilled workers.

Some are professional workers who do technical jobs.

Some are forced feudal laborers who work, which is suitable for coolie jobs.

Moreover, it is impossible to transport this thing by sea, and it happens to compete with British industry. Dashun will definitely not make money from this money, so it is better to use it to disgust Britain and create conflicts between Russia and Britain.

Of course, industrial technologies such as casting cannons, boring machines, munitions, and mirror grinding are impossible for Liu Yu to provide.

In a word: if it can be profitable to transport by sea, it will not be supported; if it is truly related to national defense, it will not be supported; if it is unprofitable to transport by sea, irrelevant to national defense, and overlaps with British industry, it will be supported.

Anyway, with Russia's system, this latitude, this climate, this serfdom and state-owned agricultural system, there is no need to worry that they can develop without a national planning committee.

Even if the purpose of this matter is to create conflicts between Britain and Russia, Liu Yu will not let go when he should ask for benefits.

"Your Majesty, regarding investment, I hope we can reach some tariff reductions in some industries."

"For example, in industries such as metallurgy, Russia has rich mineral resources and is also an important pillar of military industry. We will not ask for tariff reductions in these industries."

"However, in industries such as textiles and tea, in addition to continuing to run Dahuang, I suggest making a tariff list."

"First, it will increase your treasury revenue. The more imports, the more treasury revenue."

"Second, it will not conflict with your local industry and commerce. After all, Russia does not produce tea, porcelain, or cotton cloth."

"In return, we can give Russian merchants the convenience of transporting furs through Heilongjiang, and secondly, Dashun will make a series of industrial and commercial investments in Russia."

"Lieutenant General Hannibal is an acquaintance, and he can preside over this matter. He is someone I can trust, or someone I can accept."

"At the same time, I hope you will sign a decree to provide some policy support, such as using serfs and state-owned farmers to work in factories for life, rather than serving a short term. month. After all, some industries require the training of skilled technical workers. "

"Give these enterprises some policy support, and I guarantee that in ten years, the glass windows in St. Petersburg and Moscow will be produced by Russia itself, and no longer need to spend gold and silver to import from Britain."

"At the same time, if the output of the products of the newly established handicraft industry meets certain conditions, I hope you can sign high import tariffs on these goods to ensure the profitability of local handicraft industry."

"Of course, of course. The Marquis's request is not excessive. If these emerging industries can achieve a certain quantity and quality, I will immediately sign high import tariffs. And, I will lead by example like my father, and force all nobles to use locally produced products. "

"Hannibal is someone you can trust, and someone I can trust. I will arrange for him to be responsible for this work, and I will also allocate him a large number of serfs and state-owned farmers, as well as some manors and land. "

The two reached a simple consensus, and the specific details were definitely not discussed by two people. Instead, Dashun will send a professional team to talk with the Privy Council on the Russian side. After the details are agreed, the treaty will be signed. Some starting workers will also need to be transferred from Dashun.

Elizabeth was very happy and felt that this consolidated the peace between the two countries. When necessary, these invested factories could be used as a threat.

At the same time, developing industry and commerce is exactly what Russia urgently needs at this time. This is also the national policy set by her father.

Liu Yu was also very happy. When Dashun has the infrastructure to go to war with Russia and can build roads to Central Asia, the money will have been earned many times over.

It is hard to say which goods can be exempted from tariffs now. It may take a long time to talk nonsense, but it is not his business. After returning, the Privy Council and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the Dashun side will also send corresponding representatives to draft the details.

The overall outline was set in this way. Elizabeth tacitly did not mention the Netherlands, and Liu Yu also hid Britain very deeply.

Both sides felt that they had made a profit and were beneficial to themselves. This is a treaty that can be persisted. Elizabeth did not even discuss the matter of the Torghut tribe, because it was useless to discuss it.

In the previous treaty, the Torghut tribe was promised to go to the Snow Mountain for pilgrimage, but when they arrived at the territory of Dashun, whether they went to the capital after going to the Snow Mountain was not something Russia could control.

Besides, the Torghut tribe handed over the seal of the kingship in the Yongle era of the Ming Dynasty to Dashun, and the seal was exchanged according to the rules of the Celestial Empire. Dashun could interfere at any time if it wanted to, it just depended on whether it wanted to or not.

Since it was useless, Elizabeth simply did not mention it, just pretending that the matter did not exist.