New Shun 1730

After turning around a few times, the emperor finally couldn't help asking: "How is the effect of the Qingmiao loan that you have done? If it is done elsewhere, will it work?"

Liu Yu immediately shook his head like a rattle.

"Your Majesty, Qingmiao loans cannot be done elsewhere."

"The premise of Qingmiao loans is to increase taxes, measure the acres of land, reduce the burden on small farmers, and have enough self-cultivating people. It is necessary to cancel the labor service of transporting grain and rice, and ensure that the recruitment law is spread in the one-whip acre tax."

"Otherwise, what is the meaning of Qingmiao loans? The amount of loans will increase the land rent by the same amount. This is just giving money to the gentry."

"In the Qingmiao loans in southern Jiangsu, I will only lend to farmers who have more than ten acres of land. Those who half-cultivate and half-rent will not be loaned. Either sell the land to Southeast Asia, or sell the land to work. Lending to them is equivalent to lending for nothing. It is useless, and the money flows into the rent instead."

"This is one of them."

"The other Second, if the national tax per mu is still very low, the burden will be entirely on small farmers, so how can they get loans? The county only said that it would add levies and labor fees, which is equivalent to giving money to the county for the Qingmiao loan? "

"First, there was the reform of the per mu tax and one whip law in southern Jiangsu, and the abolition of the canal grain transportation labor service, and then there was the Qingmiao loan. "

"As for the Qingmiao loan that I have done in northern Jiangsu, it is just... just buying their labor time for the rest of their lives. The purpose is still to go to Southeast Asia, not to help small farmers. I can't help at all."

The emperor carefully understood the sequence of "one whip law plus the abolition of the canal grain transportation labor service" and then the Qingmiao loan that Liu Yu said, and nodded involuntarily.

I thought that what this meant was that it was actually possible to do it in the New Huaihe River area in northern Jiangsu.

Since a major case is to be carried out in the New Huaihe area in northern Jiangsu, after it is done, it must be accompanied by a complete set of new laws. Including per mu tax and one whip, etc.

However, it is impossible to prohibit the sale of land.

Even if it is decided that land cannot be bought and sold, farmers will still get "field skin" and "field bones", which will be more troublesome.

Since land can be bought and sold, if the court lends money and cannot get it back, it will have to take the step of reclaiming the land. Reclaiming the people's land is the most difficult and most likely to cause chaos.

But since the court wants to try to strengthen centralization, it must change the past means of ruling but not governing. If it wants to deepen the rule, it has to bear many roles undertaken by the gentry.

And the cost must always be considered. What if the compensation is too much, and the court is so incompetent that it can't even do Qingmiao loans in one state or two counties?

After thinking about it, the emperor asked again: "As you said, if a place implements the Yibian Law and there are many self-cultivating small farmers with land, then this Qingmiao loan can be used, right? But what if the farmers have no money?"

Liu Yu was extremely calm, and his tone was without any sympathy.

"If there is no money to repay, the mortgaged land will be taken and enforced. The Qingmiao loan makers also have the responsibility of teaching officials in the Qin Dynasty, and they must explain it clearly."

"After the land is taken, the court will sell it publicly."

"The people who lost their land may go to southern Jiangsu and other places to work, or go to Southeast Asia to work in plantations."

"If there are such places and such systems, I dare to guarantee that they can be accommodated and there will be no refugees."

"First, the people all have their own land, and the burden is reduced. Even if there is a disaster, they will not be left with nothing and become refugees all of a sudden."

"For example, the Hongze Lake suddenly collapsed, and southern Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu were all fish and turtles; but if the estuary is dug, the trickle will not be a big problem."

"Now that foreign trade has developed , industry and commerce need new people every year. But if, like the previous Funing flood, 200,000 or 300,000 people pour in at once, it will definitely not be able to accommodate them, and there will be civil unrest. "

"And if all the people have land, 2,000 people go bankrupt this year and 800 people go bankrupt next year, that's easy to say, it's enough to accommodate them."

"Qingmiao Loan, in turn, can slow down the speed of such bankruptcy, allowing the people to slowly do business in a trickle."

The emperor was slightly stunned, and after a while he said: "My dear, even if the land is now distributed equally throughout the world, my dear will never support the well-field system, but allow buying and selling and mergers? It's just that after the land is distributed equally, before the merger, the industry and commerce can accommodate the people who lose their land every year?"

Liu Yu knocked The first said: "Your Majesty, I am not against the well-field system. But does the court have enough ability to control the well-field farmers, so that the people who come to the city to work every year are exactly what the urban industry and commerce needs? If there is no such ability, what is the use of the well-field system? If industry and commerce do not flourish, the population will grow, and if the land does not increase, there will be refugees sooner or later."

"Therefore, I have always sneered at the well-field theory of the Northern Confucian school. They regard means as ends, and they don't know where to go next."

"If the land can be distributed equally, matched with green seedling loans, tax increases and burden reductions, the speed of mergers can be slowed down. In addition, markets in Southeast Asia, India, Persia, Europe and the United States can be obtained, industry and commerce can be developed, and rice from Southeast Asia and India can be matched, then there may be something to do."

"The theory of suppressing mergers has always been a popular saying in history. The dynasty was just talking about it, how could it really suppress annexation? Wang Mang really wanted to suppress annexation and treat the symptoms and root causes, but the result was chaos in the world. "

"Since the ability of the past dynasties to govern the country has failed to suppress annexation, then we can only go with the flow. Use Qingmiao loans to slow down annexation, but do not suppress it, and let industry and commerce absorb the people who lost their land. Even if they cannot absorb them, there is still the Nanyang plantation. "

"The Qingmiao loans of the Song Dynasty were for the purpose of not increasing taxes on the people and ensuring that the country has sufficient funds. If this dynasty implements Qingmiao loans in some places, it is to delay annexation. I am doing Qingmiao loans in southern Jiangsu to increase land prices and prevent merchants from buying land instead of investing in industry and commerce. Although they are all Qingmiao loans, the purposes of each place are different, so they should not be generalized. "

The emperor tried to understand Liu Yu's logic. He could only say that he neither fully agreed nor fully opposed Liu Yu's ideas.

There are indeed a lot of Nanyang rice and Indian rice.

And if there are markets in Southeast Asia, India, Persia, Africa and other places, it would not be a bad idea to have millions of people working in industry and commerce.

More may not be accommodated.

But what the emperor wanted to ask was originally the northern part of Jiangsu south of the Yellow River, which was very close to southern Jiangsu. It was only separated by Nantong Prefecture.

Further afield, there is no such opportunity to equalize land, nor is it possible for one to travel thousands of miles to work in industry and commerce in southern Jiangsu.

It sounds like there is indeed no problem, but the emperor always feels that something is not right.

But what Liu Yu said also proves that both of them are pretending to be confused.

The emperor did not say that he was talking about northern Jiangsu, and Liu Yu did not say that he knew that the emperor was talking about northern Jiangsu, but every sentence was related to the industry and commerce of southern Jiangsu. This would be a lice on the bald head - if the emperor was talking about northern Jiangsu, Shaanxi is really out of reach.

"So, Aiqing, do you think the court will lose money if you implement the young crop loan method?"

At this point, Liu Yu shook his head firmly.

"Your Majesty, if you have a piece of land and you equalize it first, and then implement the Green Crop Law, even if you lose money on the Green Crop Loan every year, you will actually make a profit."

"Your Majesty, you should know that if you use banknotes, you can issue more!"

"As long as people take advantage of Qingmiao Loan and accept banknotes, the extra banknotes issued every year are enough to make money back. It seems that Qingmiao Loan is losing money, but if you print some money, you can get it back."

This idea shocked the emperor even more. The banknotes of Meng Yuan and Ming Dynasties had already exploded. How dare Liu Yu think so now?

But in this matter, the emperor trusted Liu Yu.

"Oh? Aren't you afraid that banknotes are as precious as those of the previous dynasty?"

Liu Yu said with a smile: "Don't worry, Your Majesty. If a certain land is equalized and there are no restrictions on buying and selling... I dare to say for Your Majesty: If a small farmer has cattle, he should be able to cultivate a hundred acres." Even if the land is equalized, can one small farmer share a hundred acres?”

The emperor smiled lightly, knowing that this was a question that did not need to be answered.

He knew how much land and people there were in Dashun.

Hundred acres? Not even close.

Liu Yu added: "Then, if you are a small farmer with less than a hundred acres of land, and your Majesty also knows the love of the people of the Celestial Empire for the land, how can you not save money to buy land?"

“If you save money to buy land, you can’t use the money carelessly.”

"Where does their money come from? From selling food."

"The banknotes issued by the court can be exchanged for their food. As long as they still want to save money to buy land, then they will continue to sell things and sell more things in exchange for money; conversely, money can buy Food, buy things.”

"Even if banknotes are issued excessively, these people who are eager to buy land will be like a pool and accumulate these banknotes into the pool."

"This is one of them."

"Secondly, if the Qingmiao Law is implemented, if the people are short of money, they will come to borrow the Qingmiao Loan. Therefore, if they end up going bankrupt, it will still be the court that takes back their land."

"People want to buy land, and the annexed land is in the hands of the imperial court. And these lands can be bought with paper money."

"The imperial court publicly auctioned these lands to the people, and the people then spent the banknotes on them to the imperial court. The imperial court took away part of the stamp duty, and the recovered money continued to flow into Qingmiao Loan."

"You can use banknotes to buy land and pay taxes, and people recognize banknotes more - if banknotes can even buy land, then what else can't be bought?"

"In this way, the people's mentality of equalizing land and purchasing land makes them become a reservoir for banknotes; they also rely on Qingmiao Loan to monopolize land sales, collect stamp taxes, and at the same time let the people know that banknotes can buy land, and they trust banknotes more ”

"In addition, the number of over-issued loans is not large. Even if Qingmiao Loan loses money, the over-issued amount will only be recovered. How can we lose money?"

"If the imperial court wants the people to recognize paper money, one thing is that the imperial court must recognize it first. Like the previous dynasty, the imperial court even collected taxes and didn't recognize it, so how can it be possible for the people to recognize it?"

"Another one is to let the people be sure that banknotes can buy things. Moreover, it is best to have things in the hands of the court. If the court has nothing in its hands, can the people recognize it? With Qingmiao Loan, the court will have something in its hands. Why don’t the people recognize land, salt, taxes, and loans?”

"The key is that Qingmiaodai controlled the flow of land to the court. As long as the people are sure they can buy land, then they will need banknotes."

"If they want banknotes, they have to sell grain - but in fact, it is the people themselves who make people believe that banknotes can be used. It is their behavior of selling food and saving banknotes to buy land that makes banknotes become banknotes. Not paper."

“Therefore, Qingmiao Loan must be matched with land equalization, land use as collateral, and finally banknotes.”

The emperor did not expect that land equalization, banknotes, the Young Crops Law, and the one-whip tax reform were all related. But after thinking about Liu Yu's words carefully, I felt that it was indeed the case.

Banknotes can be issued in excess. As long as you have the means, you can overissue banknotes while keeping banknotes stable.

The green crop loan Liu Yu mentioned was obviously not just banknotes, but also included "salt", "seeds", "agricultural tools", and "grains to tide over famine". In other words, it allowed people to confirm that banknotes could buy these things. Finally, it’s the land when Qingmiaodai asks for debt.

If banknotes can even buy these things, then people will recognize banknotes and more banknotes can be issued appropriately. Similarly, because of the huge export surplus of silver, it is enough to ensure that the banknotes can have a certain redemption ability. In addition, the common people's water storage and precipitation are ready to buy land to hoard money and sell goods to ensure the value of the currency. There is no way to over-issuance. question.

Since this is the case, it is impossible for Qingmiao Loan to lose money, and there are so many benefits, it seems that it can indeed be tried.

Moreover, there are also the industry and commerce of southern Jiangsu and the Nanyang to back it up, so refugees will not be a big problem.

The key issue of "a large number of petty officials" here is not a problem for Dashun. Even Liu Yu conceded that this problem does not exist at all.

It even solved a difficult problem for the emperor - a large number of literate and educated people have nothing to do, cannot be officials, and cannot take the imperial examinations. Isn't this just because they think they are dying too slowly and digging a hole to bury themselves? Although the first-class talents have gone to the Navy Artillery and Commerce Academy, the second-class talents in the new school are scary enough.

While the emperor was thinking, Liu Yu added another sentence.

"Your Majesty, even if the people can't pay it back, then there will be people who will do this kind of business."

"Merchants think it is profitable, so they will pay the money for the people, and then send the people to work in factories to pay off the debts."

"If the land can be evenly distributed, the labor price will be higher, and it will naturally be profitable. If the people's debts are paid off and they are sent to factories to work until the money is paid off, how much wages will be given? Isn't it up to others to decide?"

"If the court must consider whether to pay money or not, then I can only say this, I will never pay money."

"But if the court is not only considering whether to pay money or not, but the country, then this question has another explanation, and it should not be considered as loss or profit."