No Regrets In Flourishing Tang

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The beacon tower is mainly used for transmitting intelligence, and at the same time, it also has the role of defense. In the entire Great Wall, the beacon tower is the highest part of defensive power, which can provide powerful defensive power for the soldiers defending here, thereby protecting the soldiers ’ Safety.

“Has Wife ever seen the beacon lit by fireworks?”

Li An asked.

Li An has never seen this scene, or just watched it in a TV series of later generations, and Li Hanlu has lived in the north of the Great Wall for a long time. Maybe she has seen it before.

“Naturally I have seen it. More than ten years ago, when father and I went south, as long as we were close to the Great Wall, there would be a beacon ignited. The fireworks were really big enough to be seen a few 10 li apart.”

Li Hanlu said.

What she said to go south is to go south to the territory of the Great Tang to rob property. The ethnic minorities live very hard on the grasslands. When there is no food, they can only go south and plunder, and they have to face south. The first roadblocker was the Great Wall, so it often returned without success.

“I often see the beacon. It seems that Wife hasn’t come to the Great Tang to rob it before! What’s the harvest, does it return with full load every time?”

Li An asked with a smile.

Li Hanlu smiled and shook his head: “Great Tang is strong and prosperous. There will be too many opportunities for our tribe. In most cases, we just accept it when we get better. We can’t even get anything. It was a long time ago. It said what it did.”

Li An laughed, did not go on, but Li An is still very clear about the situation of the beacon tower. According to the documentation of later generations on the literature, there are a large number of Fengsiao along the Great Wall and it extends to a place far away from the Great Wall.

According to the position and function of the beacon configuration, it can be divided into 4 groups: the beacon tower located in the depths of the desert is the forefront of the alarm, and the beacon tower on the 2nd side of the Great Wall transmits information to the line, and the series from the Great Wall to Beijing The beacon tower is in contact with Wang Imperial Court, and a group of beacon towers is in contact with the local government and garrison near the Great Wall.

The previous historical documents have been lost a lot. Take the Ming Dynasty system as an example. For example, one smoke and one shot indicate that there are about 100 enemies; 2 smoke and 2 shots, about 500 enemies; more than 1000 people, 3 Yanming 3 cannons, along the Great Wall of 50 1000 meters, found a total of more than 80 beacon towers, with an average separation distance of about 3 1000 meters, the farthest no more than 5000 meters.

The Ming Dynasty had a large number of artillery, so in addition to the smoke, it also used the method of firing guns to transmit information. Before the Ming Dynasty, this was certainly not the case. In the absence of artillery, it was only You can take the smoke during the day and ignite at night.

In fact, the construction of the beacon tower is earlier than the Great Wall, and it is a defensive building earlier than the appearance of the Great Wall. However, since the appearance of the Great Wall, the beacon tower along the Great Wall has been closely integrated with the Great Wall, becoming an important part of the defense system of the Great Wall. Some are even built on the Great Wall, especially in the Han Dynasty, Imperial Court attaches great importance to the construction of beacon towers.

The beacon, also known as beacon, is a measure of the ancient military intelligence alarm, that is, the enemy burns smoke during the daytime (beacon), and when the night comes, the fire (fire) alarms the parties and superiors with visible smoke and light. The beacon tower In the Han Dynasty, it was called Fenghou and Tingsui, Tang and Song were called Fengtai, and the term Fengsui was also extended as a beacon tower. In the Ming Dynasty, it was generally called Yandun or pier. The function of the small one is only the observation function without the beacon. The beacon towers are generally about 10 li apart, and there are also about 5 miles away in the Ming Dynasty. When the soldiers watching the station find the enemy coming, they immediately ignite the beacon on the stage. When Taiwan saw it, it followed suit, so that the enemy’s situation could be quickly transmitted to the military center section.

The Great Wall was not constructed indiscriminately, but was constructed according to the terrain, and the dangerous terrain was used to achieve the effect of one man holds the pass, blocking ten-thousand, which is also called ‘due to the terrain, use the danger to stop. ‘This principle is an important experience in the construction of the Great Wall. It was affirmed when Qin Shihuang, and then Sima Qian wrote it in “Historical Records”. Every dynasty afterwards built the Great Wall in accordance with this principle. Any construction of the Guancheng Pass is to choose between the 2 mountain canyons, or the turning point of the river, or the place where Pingchuan must pass. This can not only control the dangers, but also save manpower and materials, so as to achieve “one-off pass” , The effect of 10000 husbands will not open.

Building a castle or a beacon is also an important point. As for building a city wall, it makes full use of the terrain. For example, the Juyongguan and the 8 Daling Great Wall in the later generations are built along the back of the mountain. Some areas are built from the back of the city wall. The outer side is very steep, but the inner side is very gentle, which has the effect of being easy to defend and difficult to attack. In Liaoning, the Great Wall of Liaodong Town in the Ming Dynasty has a mountain wall and a mountain wall. The steep wall is used to split the cliff slightly. It will become the Great Wall after being cut a bit, and there are some places that make full use of dangerous cliffs and rivers and lakes as natural barriers.

“Wife, do you know why the Central Plains built the Great Wall?”

Li An asked.

Li Hanlu replied: “Nature is to defend the nomad cavalry from the north to the south.”

Li An nodded and said: “Wife is very correct. The nomad cavalry come and go without a shadow or trace. It is very difficult to deal with. In addition to building the Great Wall, there is really no other way to deal with it. After all, fighting in the wild The nomad cavalry has a great advantage, and if defending the city, the Central Plains infantry has a greater advantage, and the nomad cavalry’s advantage will disappear. “

The nomadic cavalry are chasing everywhere, fighting guerrilla warfare, and the central plains are mainly infantry, and it is too difficult to chase the cavalry who encircle and annihilate the nomadic people. To complete this task.

In addition, the Great Wall is also the dividing line between China’s farming nations and nomadic peoples. It is important to know that the geographical location of the entire China is mainly divided into the east-west 2 area and the north-south 3 area. From the Minshan to the horizontal mountain range, the east is the agricultural economic development area, and the west is the animal husbandry economic development area.

3 The belt is the Qinling Mountains and the south of the Huaihe River as a paddy field economic development zone; the Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River are north to Yinshan, south of Yanshan and the Northeast Plain are the agricultural economic development zones of dry crops, north of Yinshan and west of Helan Mountain are the economic development zones of animal husbandry .

The natural layout of Zone 2 and Zone 3 constitutes two major economic and cultural types of ancient agriculture and animal husbandry in China. The Great Wall Belt contains most of the entire dry farming economic development belt and animal husbandry economic development belt, and constitutes a complete and independent economic system. The economy is based on the agricultural economy. Animal husbandry is an important supplement to agriculture. The two economies are interdependent ,Complement each other. The culture is dominated by farming culture, the two cultures of agriculture and animal husbandry penetrate and absorb each other, and continue to converge and radiate.

In the course of historical development, agriculture first developed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, becoming the heart of the entire Chinese agricultural economy and culture, and becoming the center of national economic and cultural exchanges. In the entire animal husbandry economic zone, the Inner Mongolian prairie from the west of Xing’an Mountains and the north of Yinshan Mountains has developed into the heart of the animal husbandry economy and culture by virtue of blessed by heaven. The Great Wall is located at the natural intersection of these two economic and cultural hearts. It is the product of a certain economic development foundation. The Great Wall not only separates two kinds of economy and culture, but also links them together.

The ancient economic and cultural structure of the Great Wall and the composition of the ancient nations determined that the relationship between the ancient agricultural economy area of ​​China and the animal husbandry economic area was concentrated on the front line of the Great Wall, and the opposite unity of its agricultural economy, culture and animal husbandry economy and culture was also unified Unfolding along the front line of the Great Wall, the ethnic problems of ancient China adapted to this are also concentrated on the front line of the Great Wall, which is extremely prominent, whether it is political and economic and cultural union and exchanges between nations, or military and political struggles between nations , All along the Great Wall, it has played an important role in the formation and development of the main ethnic groups, the relationship between the main ethnic groups and the various nationalities in the Great Wall Belt, and even the formation and development of the entire Chinese nation. This is due to the ancient Chinese economic system divided into Two, determined by the unity of opposition between the agricultural economy and the animal husbandry economy.

With such a complicated theory, Li An cannot naturally tell Li Hanlu because this woman is a relatively simple-minded person. Such professional knowledge is not something she can understand.

“Wife, you know why the nomad cavalry always goes south to plunder, is it not enough to eat and drink? Or something else?”

Li An asked.

Li Hanlu opened the mouth and said: “Naturally, you can’t go south without filling your stomach. If you have enough to eat and drink, no one will be idle and do nothing, go to the south to plunder. Husband should know that as long as they go south to fight, there is no Undead, risking mortal danger to grab food, naturally only after hungry. “

Li An nodded, expressed approval.

The main reason for the nomads to go south is indeed because of hunger, and the reason for hunger is because the animal husbandry owned by the nomads is a single industry with strong non-stability. It has a strong dependence on agriculture, which has caused two kinds of economic and cultural imbalances, and even serious confrontation, which has led to large-scale wars.

The unity and instability of animal husbandry are inherent. As long as there is a drought in the grassland, or Extreme Cold weather in winter, or even a sudden plague, these may cause great problems in animal husbandry. The blows caused heavy losses to cattle and sheep, and the main food for nomads was cattle and sheep. If cattle and sheep died on a large scale, nomads would naturally be hungry.

Such natural disasters often occur, and every time such natural disasters occur, nomadic people who lack food will look at the rich Central Plains, and then the scene of looting south.

In fact, farming nations will also encounter various natural disasters and human disasters, such as droughts, floods, locusts, and other disasters. The number of these disasters may be much more than the disasters that nomads can encounter, but farming Grain is different from that of nomadic people. Once the nomadic cattle and sheep die, they will rot away after a short period of time. However, the food can be kept for many years.

Although the meat of cattle and sheep can also be made into dried meat, the storage period is still not as good as grain. In addition, the Central Plains has a large area. One area is suffering from food shortages. Other areas can also provide support to allow this area to cross It is difficult to pass through, but once the nomadic people are affected, most of the time they are all affected, and they ca n’t get the support of the neighboring tribes. It is good not to hit a person when he’s down. Method.

The tribes and soldiers of the ancient nomadic tribes, and the old 100 surnames of the nomadic people practiced shooting from childhood. It is easy to form a military advantage. When entering the agricultural area, it will cause great damage to the agricultural area.

The construction and existence of the Great Wall have separated the two ethnic groups of agriculture and animal husbandry, so as to enhance the resistance to the harassment of the animal husbandry nations, so that they cannot easily succeed, which is conducive to the protection of the agricultural economy and advanced in the Central Plains region. The mode of production is beneficial to the development and accumulation of social productivity and feudal civilization.

In addition, agriculture and animal husbandry are also interdependent, mutually demanding, and mutually promoting. The agricultural economy requires both animal husbandry to provide animal husbandry and war horses, livestock, fur, precious medicine ingredients and other animal power and material resources for farming and transportation. Selling agricultural and sideline products and handicraft products to the animal husbandry economic zone, making the animal husbandry economic region an important commodity market in the agricultural economy region, and the animal husbandry economy not only requires the agricultural economy region to provide food, cloth and iron, gold, silver, pottery and other various Handicraft products, but also need to sell their own fur, medicine ingredients and other products, which has prompted the two economic trade exchanges along the Great Wall.

From Qin and Han Dynasties to Ming and Qing Dynasties, many gateways along the Great Wall have historically become the place or center of ethnic transactions in the two economic and cultural systems of agriculture and animal husbandry. The Great Wall first-line distribution, the Great Wall first line has become the country’s largest trade market and material supply and demand, distribution base, in the course of historical development, many gateways gradually developed into important cities and towns along the Great Wall, which shows that the Great Wall guarantees the agricultural economy, The normal development of the economy and culture of culture and animal husbandry has provided a place and convenience for the exchange and complementation of the two; it has also played a role in mediating the two economies and moved the agriculture and animal husbandry economy towards the direction of mutual cooperation between the main and auxiliary In this sense, the Great Wall is also the convergence line of the agriculture and animal husbandry economy. Therefore, the Great Wall has not only played the role of separating the two economies and cultures, but has also been responsible for separating the two economies, The task of culture is closely tied together.

A long city wall was originally intended to separate the agricultural and animal husbandry ethnic groups, but in fact, it also served as a link between the agricultural and animal husbandry ethnic groups, which has to be amazed.