From to 1935 2020

"Chinese comrades told me that this weapon was used in large quantities during the battles of Yinchuan and Lanzhou, and 700 rounds were fired. Afterwards, the investigation and statistics showed that a total of 210 people were injured, and 40 were wounded. More serious infections occurred after the incident, and more than [-] of them were later infected with tetanus... This is a weapon that kills more than kills!"

"This kind of cement blasting bomb has limited lethality in actual combat. Its explosive fragments are similar to grenades filled with black powder. But the advantage is that the manufacturing time is even less than the latter. They have even begun to try to manufacture this cement grenade, and Ready to try it out in the next battle."

"According to the Chinese comrades, when this weapon was tried on the battlefield, because the launching device was outdated and the range was limited, it did not fully exert its true power. Now that there are large ballistas and small ballistas, they will be distributed to the enemy. In the hands of the guerrillas who occupy the area, let them launch a sneak attack with other materials, such as fecal iron sand blasting bags made of bamboo tubes and wine bottles, which will have amazing effects..."

"I once raised doubts about this: the high temperature generated by the explosion of gunpowder will have a strong bactericidal effect, and the effect may not be good if it wants to cause wound infection, but the Chinese comrades retorted: that is because of the density of dry dung powder in the air Insufficient. If it is used in large quantities, the surrounding air environment will be covered with this fecal powder, which is very easy to breed bacteria. After absorbing the moisture in the wound, it will continue to rot and breed a large number of bacteria, which is very easy to cause infection. Among them The other wounded at the scene of the explosion are also very susceptible to the secondary infection of the induced wound, which can be regarded as a primitive biochemical weapon with a long lag..."

When Makarov wrote this, he muttered in his heart: This is really a vicious weapon...

At that time Makarov asked:

"Aren't you afraid that after this thing pollutes the environment, it will infect the wounded on your side?"

The other party replied: "Don't be afraid, what our Red Army needs most now is anti-infective drugs!"

When Makarov was writing this report, he had a mustache far away in Berlin, and an inexplicable stench wafted through his nostrils.The "wiping cannon" described in Makarov's report as a detonator is actually a "match cannon" that is very common in later generations.In later generations, fireworks such as match cannons are "children's Spring Festival toys" that can be seen everywhere in China.

Its manufacturing process has no technical difficulty at all. The biggest technical difficulty in its manufacturing is chemical raw materials, which could not be produced in China in the Republic of China.Due to the price level of the Republic of China, matches were not cheap commodities, so this kind of fireworks was not born in the Republic of China, but in fact, with the technology of the Republic of China, as long as there are chemical raw materials, any family workshop can produce them.

One of the great advantages of this kind of match cannon is that after it is ignited, it will explode when it is thrown into the water and sinks underwater.The explosion delay time is long and stable (I played it when I was young, and the explosion delay was more than five seconds, and it could even reach ten seconds if I made it a little longer. When I was young, I threw it into the cesspit when I was dying. I blow up the sky.......)

Xiao Huang Ke easily obtained the manufacturing process of this fireworks through Da Huang Ke.

When Andre proposed that the detonation method was too primitive, the Red Army had already solved the problem of "primitive detonation means": the grenade head filled with granular gunpowder or nitrocellulose, before launching, temporarily insert a grenade into the reserved hole of the warhead The extended match cannon has an explosion delay time of ten seconds. Use the match shell to rub the "firewood head", ignite it, and then install it on the launcher of the "cannon crossbow" to launch it.

As for those filled with TNT explosives, the match cannon is not powerful enough to detonate, but it can be inserted into the detonator, the match cannon is used to detonate the detonator, and the detonator is used to detonate the TNT charge.Although this method is still backward compared with the firing pin firing method, it is already very advanced compared with the ignition method.

The old comrade Andre couldn't bear it, and finally asked: "You can't even make a pull-string fuze, can you?"

"It can be made! But the pull-string ignition fuze is very unstable, and the rate of early explosion and non-explosion is very high!"

(Historically, this problem was not resolved until the late period of the Anti-Japanese War)

To put it bluntly, it is still a craft, and the experience is not mature enough.

Andre laughed: "This is easy to handle, I am most familiar with this aspect! Let me teach you how to solve it!"

Salenka, a technical assistance worker at the steelworks:

"In China, the production of extremely critical raw materials, whether it is factory equipment, such as steelmaking plants or coking plants, is completely messed up."

"Their steelworks, to be precise, should be ironworks. Now they can only burn pig iron with a lot of impurities. In my opinion, it is only strong enough to make farm tools and cannonballs. It can only be mortar shells." .”

"Considering that they've only just established themselves here and built everything from scratch, I'm amazed at how much machinery and equipment they can acquire in just four months on an industrial wasteland with nothing left."

"About the issue of the ironworks, the comrades in the Red Army are also having a headache. This is probably why they let me, a retired old man, come here. The task of our first batch of aid workers is to carefully investigate the situation here, and then act according to the situation. A construction plan is made, and the relevant plans are as follows..."

......

"Chinese comrades said that they have ordered a piece of bullet production equipment from China, but the biggest raw material production problem has not yet been resolved. Chinese comrades told me that they have found a copper ore belt and are preparing to build another copper smelter. "

(Note: Gansu Baiyin Factory, Shanxi Zhenan Bronze Guanshuiyanzi both have copper mines)

Ivan, an aid worker in a thermal power plant:

"The power generation facilities are surprisingly complete. The only thing lacking is a large number of workers and technical maintenance personnel who can manipulate them. Surprisingly, I also found a set of boilers and power generation equipment in the Red Army's warehouse, but because Lack of relevant technical personnel, the equipment has been eating ashes since it was shipped and cannot be installed and used. The lack of workers, the lack of people who can burn boilers, and the lack of technical personnel are the biggest problems of the Red Army. Although Chinese comrades said that they are working hard We are digging people all over the country to fill factories, but the key core departments are really only us that can do well.”

Aid Workers Leader Avjah reports:

"Water shortage is the biggest hardware problem in Yan'an. I told Chairman Li Runshi that Yan'an is not suitable for building too many industrial facilities. He also agreed, and said that this is just a temporary "training station", a scheduled industrial base In fact, it is in Lanzhou—although the conditions in that place are good, but this is an enemy-occupied area that was liberated only a month ago... Chairman Li Runshi did not say the following, but I can understand that there needs to be similar to the Cheka It can only be used after a large number of spies and hostile elements left behind in the area have been cleaned up by comrades..."

"Lack of manpower, lack of qualified workers, and lack of qualified technical personnel are the biggest difficulties for Chinese comrades to achieve self-sufficiency in the military industry. Although they are also working hard to solve it, they must establish a relatively complete and self-closing production chain in a short period of time. , Still need to provide more domestic technical personnel assistance.”

"Food is not bad. When we came to China, we unexpectedly found that there was a large supply of vodka. I heard that it was shipped from the Far East. Comrade Braun (referring to Li De) said that after the Red Army moved from Ruijin to Yan'an , Both the strategic environment and living conditions are much better than two years ago. However, Comrade Braun doesn’t want to mention the year he experienced in Ruijin.”

PS: Before the Anti-Japanese War in history, some underground parties who returned to China from the Soviet Union during this period were basically not made things difficult after being recognized by the Japanese police as having a problem with their identity. According to the memories of an underground party, the Japanese spies who were inspected at that time Even face him and say, I know you are a member of the Communist Party of China, and then let him go)

-------------------- Chapter 126 Actions before the Spring Festival ------------------

CV33 Huang Kemo revision, point # symbol

After receiving the telegram from the first batch of Soviet experts, according to their opinions, the second batch of forty experts arrived in Yan'an ten days later by three planes.

Like the last time, when the plane returned, fifty Red Army cadres were taken away from Yan'an.These cadres will be sent to "backward factories" in the Soviet Union for a surprise study and internship ranging from three months to half a year.So far, the Red Army has sent five batches of personnel to the Soviet Union, three batches were transported by ship through Tianjin Port, and two batches were returned by Soviet planes.

In addition to airlifting personnel, the three planes this time also carried six Maxim-Tokarev light machine guns and a batch of empty belts. The guns were prepared for the existing CV33 tanks in response to the opinions of Soviet experts. weapons. (The gun supplies ammunition: 100 rounds drum or 250 rounds belt)

In the Soviet Union, from 1925 to 1928, after a total of 2450 Maxim-Tokarev air-cooled light machine guns were produced, they were never produced again.After this light machine gun entered service in the army, the response was good, but it was a pity that it was born at an untimely time. The more advanced DP-27 light machine gun was born at this time, and then it changed from yesterday's "Little Sweet" to today's The unpopular "Sister Pomegranate" was cast into the cold palace and thrown into the warehouse to eat ashes.

Historically: From 1937 to 1940, when the Soviet Union sold arms to China in order to contain the Japanese army in the east, it moved out this kind of product that was basically in stock. It sold a total of more than 1400 pieces, accounting for almost 2% of the total. 3/[-] of the production of this machine gun, plus a part of the support for the Spanish Republican Army in the civil war, was basically consumed.

The main reason why the Soviets scouted him too much was because they thought he was too heavy.However, this backward weapon has become an advanced weapon after it arrived in China, where there is an extreme shortage of machine guns. It is mainly equipped with the elite troops of the Central Army. The Maxim-Tokarev light machine gun is too light, with a total weight of only [-] kilograms, which can be carried by a soldier.

Soviet experts asked for this machine gun in China. What they liked was that it was small in size and could be fed with ammunition belts. With a little improvement, it could be directly used as a tank machine gun.

Among the second batch of Soviet experts who assisted the Red Army, two of them were instructors of the Armored Forces School.At the Armored Forces School in Yan'an, the two saw the four CV33 tanks used as teaching aids.

These four tanks are completely different from what the Italians originally provided, and their parents are hard to recognize.

All the rivets on the tank body were removed, and the front vertical armor plate was completely stripped off, and then replaced with a 15mm armor plate provided by the Soviet Union, which was welded and installed on the front of the vehicle at an angle of about 70 degrees.The improved armor on the front of the tank is no longer a disgusting stepped sawtooth shape, but a whole piece of smooth armor plate like a T34. Only the observation seam is opened in the right cab. The machine gun muzzle is completely cancelled.

——Huang Ke asked the Soviet Union for armor plates in order to modify the armor for this tank.All the riveting parts have been replaced by welding—it is not that the Italians did not understand the benefits of welding when manufacturing CV33 in history. However, due to the insufficient level of automatic welding, the quality of manual welding by workers is unstable, so it is best to honestly replace it with riveting.

But the job of welding is not difficult for Huang Ke, a senior technician.He has obsessive-compulsive disorder, no matter what he sees, the rivets on the tanks are uncomfortable. After staying in Yan'an for a few days, he insisted on doing it himself and replaced all the riveting on the four tanks with welding in one day.

He has obsessive-compulsive disorder, and he will not be reconciled if he does not change this Italian bean tank to squeeze out the last bit of potential.After leaving Yan'an, he either purchased in Tianjin and Shanghai, or simply made his own, and brought back some auxiliary parts and sent them to Yan'an to carry out another magic modification on the tank.

But the most exaggerated improvement is that Huang Ke used the leftovers of the removed armor plates, added the surplus armor plates aided by the Soviet Union, and other messy materials to put together four machine gun turrets for the tank. I personally ended up using the materials I got from other places, put together again and again, and added my own manual processing, and I just made a full four sets of turret rotating devices.

The Soviet tank instructor boarded this tank and tried to manipulate the turret, only to find that this tank was crazy and magically modified by a senior technician with "advanced obsessive-compulsive disorder". Turn the design and the battery fits right under the gunner's butt.

During this period, tanks in all countries except Germany did not have radio stations. When the Soviet tank instructor arrived, he saw the tank soldiers of the Red Army, under the guidance of Soviet technicians, about to put the four tanks on their backs. Installing the intercom radio station - imported at great expense from the United States, just arrived.In order to protect the communication station from being damaged by bullets, they also added an additional [-]mm armor box to cover the outside of the station.

Huang Ke spared no effort to add a machine gun turret to the tank, because this Italian tank is too short, even if it is used as a mobile fortress to cover the infantry attack, its height is not qualified.After adding the machine gun tower, it can barely provide cover for the infantry attacking by the cat waist.

What Huang Ke really wants to install is the American-made M2 ​​Laoganma machine gun. He has secretly ordered related products from the United States through Zhang Xueliang's relationship, and the goods have not yet arrived.Equipped with the Maxim-Tokarev light machine gun, but it is a temporary expedient measure, because just next month, these four tanks will play an extremely important role in the first battle of the Red Army's preparations before the Eastern Expedition.

At that time, Captain Ovi said to his deputy, Lieutenant Abram, feeling the seam between the armor plates with his hand, he was very surprised,

He said in his heart:

"The person who added the turret to these four small toys is really skilled in welding."

"It's like a beggar wearing an emperor's costume. These improvements are too extravagant and wasteful."

Although they made such an evaluation, Captain Ovi and his deputy, Lieutenant Abram, each had a tank. After sitting in the tank for a test drive, the two of them immediately tasted the benefits of voice communication radio assistance.Before they came, these tank soldiers had actually learned some simple Russian instructions.With the help of translators and their guidance, these tank soldiers, together with supporting infantry, began to formally learn the offensive tactical skills of combining infantry and tanks.

(——For the Red Army in this period, it is enough to learn the tactics of combining infantry and tanks.)

Xiyang readers can click the "well" symbol to see the full body photo of this magically modified tank

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On January 1th, while Huang Ke was away from Shanghai, some parts of the "Calista" sent from Manzhouli were at Beiping Station, and the receiving underground party forwarded them to this side of Shanghai. , It happened to be accepted on this day, and then Huang Ke took the lead and built forty doors in one day.

On the 145th of the previous day, his order from Germany last year: two Go[-] trainer planes were also transported to Shanghai during this period, and the assembly was completed soon.

When ordering the aircraft, in addition to requiring the installation of a radio station, Huang Ke also put forward two small improvements: one is to add a pylon on the belly of the aircraft, which can be used to hang bombs or auxiliary fuel tanks.The second request was a little more outlandish: a request to add a refueling port under the seat that could directly fill the aircraft fuel tank in the cockpit, with a pipe connecting the fuel tank below.This improvement is actually prepared for his and Elena's space ability. With this ability, they can directly refuel the plane when flying in the air, which is convenient for long-distance flights.

On the 19th, after Huang Ke and Elena received the assembled plane, they flew the plane into the sky and took a tour around Shanghai.Then, under the guidance of the invited pilots of the Cannon Party, the two each flew to Wuhan in a plane.

The two had fun playing with the plane, and flew to the sky again the next day. This time the plane flew northeast, and the final destination was the Dabie Mountains at the intersection of Anhui, Jiangxi, and Henan provinces. Hong'an County was the place where the two spent the longest time flying around, staying for nearly an hour.

During this process, the plane piloted by the two repeatedly flew over the Tiantai Mountain area in the north of Hong'an County at a very low altitude, which was the guerrilla area of ​​Gao Jingting's guerrilla group.

After wandering around the villages near the Tiantai Mountains for nearly half an hour, the two saw several strands of black smoke rising somewhere. It was the ground response personnel who had arrived here ahead of time, sending them a hint signal to respond.

After flying back to Wuhan, Huang Ke and Elena came to the airport again early the next morning. This time they did not ask for a navigator. Elena drove the plane, Huang Ke sat in the back seat, and flew to the airport until yesterday. where you have been.

The plane continued to circle in the sky, flying over the ground continuously at ultra-low altitude.Huang Ke sat in the back seat and observed the ground with a telescope.It was soon discovered that black smoke from burning straw was rising from a relatively flat ground somewhere.At the same time, Elena, who was sitting in front of the plane, also received instructions from the station radio station.Then Huang Ke looked through the binoculars and saw several people on the ground holding red flags, standing on a section of dirt road and swaying towards the sky.

Under the guidance of the radio on the ground, the plane was driven by Elena, and landed on the country road that had been roughly leveled.In terms of flying skills, the current Elena is still above Huang Ke.

GO145 is a biplane trainer, similar to PO2, with very short take-off and landing distances. It can take off and land on a slightly leveled grassland or a not-so-bad dirt road.

It was not Gao Jingting's guerrillas who greeted them on the ground, but a liaison sent by the Central Red Army two months ago.There were four people in total.They were sent here as early as two months ago. The Hong'an area was originally the birthplace of the Red Fourth Front Army. The personnel sent here to respond were all comrades from the Red Fourth Front Army who came out of the Long March. Thanks to their relationship, they easily took root in the Tiantai area.In fact, they who came one step earlier have secretly developed a guerrilla team of dozens of people here during this period of time, and they were in a state of ambush and concealment before Huang Ke's arrival.

The four people who greeted Huang Ke were all members of the seated commando and knew Huang Ke's abilities well.They led the two to a nearby private house, where there was a basement hole that had been dug long ago.Here, Huang Ke put down the equipment to support Gao Jingting, Su Yu had some Gao Jingting here, but the number was about [-]% of the number supporting Su Yu.Compared with Su Yu's side, the Dabie Mountain guerrillas had forty more newly-made "large and small yellow crossbows".

According to the distribution plan provided by the chairman, Su Yu and Gao Jingting's guerrillas will be the teams that receive the most supplies.

All the materials were hidden in the hidden underground kiln that had been dug long ago.After completing this wave of transport missions, Huang Ke and Elena flew away without stopping.The whole process from landing to take-off takes no more than half an hour.

After returning to Wuhan Airport, the two called the navigator who followed them, and flew back to Shanghai.

The future support methods for the Red Army in other places will follow this procedure: first send a small number of advance troops to get in touch with the guerrillas in the guerrilla zone, and then the advance troops will establish a fixed material storage base near the guerrilla zone, Huang Ke or by plane, Or use other methods to come to the door, drop the supplies at the base and leave directly.In the end, the members of the advance team handed over the materials to the nearby guerrilla forces through various channels.

All of this is the meaning of the Red Army's top management—Huang Ke and Elena's abilities and identities are too sensitive and confidential. In order to ensure the safety of the two, it is necessary to minimize the chances of them directly contacting the local guerrillas and exposing their faces.The previous direct contact with Su Yu's guerrillas was because Su Yu was located next to Chang Kaishen's ruling center and faced the greatest pressure and danger, and they were about to face a big siege, so Huang Ke came directly to support them.

In the next few days, Huang Ke and Elena stayed in Shanghai obediently and did not fly across the country.The reason is that the Chinese New Year is coming!During this period of time, as celebrities in Shanghai, the two will have a lot of entertainment. (Note: New Year's Eve in 1936 was on January 1.)

The year 1937 is getting closer and closer. Whether it is the Red Army in Yan'an or the two people in Shanghai, they all feel that the time in their hands is getting more and more insufficient.

After returning to Shanghai, Huang Ke and Elena once again "wandered" arm in arm to the house near the HSBC Bank, which is currently undergoing large-scale renovation.The buyer, who is an underground party, claimed that he wanted to transform the place into a restaurant.When Huang Ke and Elena walked over, a section of the underground drainage channel connecting the Huangpu River had just been repaired. The whole construction process was completed in only one night due to spare no effort to hire local people to work overnight.

Inside the house, a hole is being dug now. According to the outside world, this hole will be covered with cement and pool bricks in the future to make an ornamental pool.Then the fish eaten by the diners will be temporarily stocked in the pool—the underground depth of this pool will be as high as three meters. The walls and bottom of the pool will be treated with anti-seepage treatment. After repairing, the real purpose will be to undertake future excavation During the tunneling process, the groundwater seeps out continuously, and then the water is pumped into the drainage ditch by the water pump here.

In the past month, the Soviet Union sent experts to investigate the geology here.HSBC Bank is close to the Huangpu River, and the water seepage from the river is very serious. The tunnel was dug at a depth of one meter underground, without careful drainage and waterproofing works in advance, and the water seepage alone could directly flood the tunnel.

The final opinion of Soviet experts: To complete this plan, the amount of engineering and preparation work that needs to be done is very scary.After Huang Ke and Elena read the plan, they felt that it was very feasible to match their abilities, and then they started.

Huang Ke plans to spend one to two months to set up the "crime scene" shelf first. The first stage is to build walls and drainage ditches, as well as build water storage tanks.At present, the start-up project is nearing completion.

The second stage of work is to build another masonry and woodware factory outside the concession. The main work is to prepare materials such as prefabricated cement boards, supporting wooden frames, and waterproof materials.The extremely soft, crazily seepage land, and the tunnel over 200 meters long, if the tunnel is not built as a "regular" underground passage, it will not work at all.

The site for this factory has been selected now, and the relevant personnel will move in and start construction around the end of February or early March.

Lu Chishui is currently in charge of the entire task. Here in Shanghai, no one except him knows that this matter is related to Huang Ke.Even if outsiders came in to check the progress of the project on site, they would only think that it was a "hotel under construction" under renovation.

Huang Ke said to Elena:

"I heard from Lu Chishui that the Soviet expert said after seeing the scene that we were crazy. The total amount of engineering and earthwork added is almost enough to build a building."

Fortunately, the two have space equipment, whether it is transporting in materials or transporting out waste, the concealment is greatly increased, otherwise these details alone will add many loopholes to the whole plan.

Huang Ke and Elena walked around the vicinity, and after confirming that nothing unusual happened, they stopped by the nearby pier, where a newly completed inland river iron-hulled tugboat, ordered by Jiangnan Shipyard, was parked. Forty tons, the ship is designed for the water depth of the Yellow River, diesel powered, with a maximum draft of 1 meter.

The main materials of the whole body of the ship are almost all customized by foreign countries: the hull is from Japan, the engine is from Germany, and the Jiangnan Shipyard is actually just "assembled parts".

During the Qing Dynasty in the First Sino-Japanese War, China could make its own iron ships and warships. During World War I, the Shanghai Shipyard could also assemble [-]-ton rounds. However, after Chang Kaishen’s “golden decade” of de-industrialization, Huang Ke wanted to order For such a small boat, there are not many parts made in China from top to bottom.The ship was ordered by Huang Ke after he returned from Tianshui for the first time. It is a small [-]-ton tugboat. It took nearly three months to build, and it was delivered just two days ago.The remaining second ship is still on the berth and can be delivered after the Spring Festival.

In order to deceive others, when ordering the ship, the people who came forward were other underground parties.The ship is small in size, but it is propelled by a 400-horsepower diesel engine. Huang Ke installed it with a space necklace and can be pulled away. According to the plan, this ship will be used for water transportation on the Yellow River in the future, as a member of the tugboat team. head boat.

When the two of Huang Ke came over, many members of the underground party who took over the boat were sent from the Soviet area, and most of them only had one or two months of assault training, barely learning how to sail a boat.What they are currently doing is getting familiar with the equipment under the guidance of the old boatman.After the Spring Festival, Huang Ke will take the ship and people to Yan'an, and then the technicians sent by the Soviet Union will help to operate it. According to Chairman Li Runshi's plan, the ship will participate in the battle of crossing the river in the future Eastern Expedition to Shanxi. (Note: The Yellow River flows through the Shanxi section, and it usually does not freeze until after March)

The industrialization of the Red Army, the cause of "modernization", has only just begun...  

Looking at the ship and the crew, Huang Ke felt a sense of accomplishment that history had been changed by me.