From to 1935 2020

The reason why it is so complicated is that Zhang Xueliang understands the virtue of his subordinates.If professionals like the Red Army do it, at least there is a lower limit, but if the Northeast Army is full of gangsters, then I don't know what will happen.Fortunately, the "cuffing" places are only limited to Baoding and Shijia. …

And on the night Zhang Xueliang made his final decision, when he held a small family banquet in Shijiazhuang's new mansion for Huang Ke and Elena, Huang Ke didn't hide anything. The current Emperor Yasuwa of Japan and Komochi Saienji recounted the conversation without any changes.

At that time, whether it was Zhang Xueliang or the generals of the Northeast Army at their dinner party, they were all dumbfounded.It's no secret that Huang Ketong is among the top leaders of the Northeast Army at this time.But I didn't expect that he could go "so far" and even entered the Chichibu Palace, and "talked and laughed" with Prince Yongren, the future emperor. Everyone was surprised but not surprised.

At that time, Huang Ke narrated everything as a witness of the "February [-] Mutiny".

"Hanqing, I won't hide it from you. Around this time next year, Japan's full-scale war of aggression against China will begin. At that time, Hebei will be full of woes, and it will be the first province to fall. The land of the new home will soon be lost!"

"This war will be a fierce fight that will determine the national destiny of China and Japan for hundreds of years. Now the Red Army has begun to prepare for the war according to the standard of general war mobilization."

"This war will be tragic and long, and tens of millions of Chinese will die in this war..."

When he said this, Huang Ke made a bang and crushed the wine glass in his hand again.Now, his physique is still slowly improving, and he has almost 0.7 Yan Shuangying's personal combat power, but Huang Ke knows that he is still too weak.

"A hundred families cry better than a family. From now on, every ounce of resources must be used to prepare for the War of Resistance! This is why I encourage you to do something to the gentry here, because everything in their hands will soon be lost." It will be taken away by the Japanese. Instead of taking advantage of the Japanese, it is better to make us cheaper first.”

-------------------- Chapter 154 From Gong County to Tianjin --------------------

The Battle of Shanxi, which took place from the end of March to the beginning of May, was the most unexpected and also the biggest gain for the Red Army, but it was not in Shanxi, nor in Zhangjiakou, a strategic location connecting several provinces, which was captured without firing a single shot, but in Gongyi, Henan. (Also known as Gong County).

When making the strategic plan for the Shanxi Raiders, Chairman Li Runshi and a group of Red Army generals had the greatest strategic expectation for the Shanxi Campaign, which was to annihilate the three main forces of Chang Kaishen here, and then carve up Shanxi with the Northeast Army and Northwest Army. The best and biggest result is to take advantage of the trend to win Baoding and Shijiazhuang.

And then it's almost there...

As for Henan, the Henan Gong County Arsenal, which is just across the river from Shanxi, was one of the four major armories in the Republic of China.The arsenal here can manufacture more than 20 kinds of firearms and ammunition, including seven-nine rifles, Russian machine guns, submachine guns, and mortars.Especially after the fall of the Northeast during the September [-]th Incident, a large number of patriotic workers from the Northeast Arsenal, one of the four major arsenals, came to the Gongxian Arsenal, which further strengthened the strength of the Gongxian Arsenal.The Gongxian Arsenal became one of the most important arsenals during the Republic of China.

The most worth mentioning is that Gong County Armory also has many famous brand products, such as the famous Chinese official rifle and Gong style wooden handle grenade.

But for Gong County, Chairman Li Runshi didn't expect to be able to get here after the battle.

Without him, Chang Kaishen's army strength in the south of the Yellow River before the war was too strong.

Wei Lihuang's 25th Army, Guan Linzheng's [-]th Division, and Chang Kaishen's main force, the two most capable armies are all stationed in this area.In addition, along the Yellow River, there are six reserve teams of supplementary brigades, plus several security regiments (a large number of security regiments are recruited as supplementary brigades in winter, so the number decreases).

He had calculated thousands of times, but what he didn't expect was that after Chang Kaishen's micromanagement and blind command, the two main forces, Wei Lihuang and Guan Linzheng, who crossed Hebei at that time, brought the entire strategic reserve team of Henan with them before departure. Entering Shanxi, resulting in a emptiness here in Henan.

Wei Lihuang took away two brigades, and these two supplementary brigades were thrown in the Yuncheng area of ​​southern Shanxi to busy "enclosure", and fortunately escaped the battle of Wuxiang.

But as Zhang Xueliang's Northeast Army crossed the Yellow River east, Yang Hucheng's Northwest Army left Tongguan.These two brigades were blocked on the north bank of the Yellow River at that time, and they were surrounded by 10,000+ Northeast Army, and then they were disarmed without fighting. These supplementary brigades were originally transformed from local militias. They were poorly trained and fought. Insufficient willpower, and at that time Zhang Yang suddenly sent troops, and Chang Baldzi was defeated. Before he could react, he was surrounded by the Northeast Army to the north of the Yellow River, while the Northwest Army blocked the southern end of the Yellow River, and then surrendered obediently.

As for the four brigades that Guan Linzheng took away, it was even more tragic.When Guan Linzheng's 25th Division went north to the south of Shanxi, together with these four brigades, they made up [-] main forces.This is also what Chang Kaishen requested - Shangdang is the backbone of the world, and Chang Kaishen also knows its important strategic significance.Let Guan Linzheng lead his troops into Shanxi, and he did the right thing!

But his mistake was that he shouldn't be too greedy, and couldn't tell which was more important, occupying the territory or destroying the Red Army.It is imperative that Wei Lihuang and Guan Linzheng's two armies cross the river at two ferries hundreds of kilometers apart in order to occupy the "vacuum" state of southern Shanxi as quickly as possible.This kind of magical operation also planted the root of the disaster that Xu Shuai led the main force of the Red Army to rush into the Taiyue Mountains in the northwest of the Shangdang one step ahead, and took advantage of the time difference to encircle and wipe out Wei Lihuang first.

When Wei Lihuang's troops were surrounded, Chang Kaishen urgently telegraphed the surrounding troops to rescue them with all their strength, trying to implement the anti-encirclement technique of "blossom in the center and surround on all sides".

But his speculative idea of ​​sitting on the sidelines and waiting for 20 days to enter the Jin Dynasty wasted too much time.These 20 days were enough for the Red Army to convert many captured soldiers of the Jinsui Army for their own use by relying on the three major artifacts of ideological education, land reform, and complaints.

Although the number of local Jinsui Army soldiers incorporated into Xu Shuai's main force was not large enough to affect the battle situation, it gave the Red Army the home field advantage of "knowing the local hydrology".In addition to the internal battles, they were defeated one by one, and the main force of Wei Lihuang's department was wiped out in less than two days, and the new army that was given away for nothing was easily eaten.Instantly changed the balance of forces between the two sides on the Shanxi battlefield.

If it weren't for Guan Linzheng's astuteness, he was almost caught by Xu Shuai in Taiyue Mountain and became Wei Lihuang's second.

During this period, as the Northeast Army and the Northwest Army publicly changed their positions, one entered Jin, the other entered Henan, the entire Shanxi battlefield, and the "mentality" of all the generals of Chang Kaishen's entering Jin army completely collapsed at this moment.

"I was fooled, I fell into the trap!"

From Chang Kaishen to Guan Linzheng, they all lost their sense of normalcy at this time, and their fighting spirit was cleared.

Guan Linzheng's 3 men who entered the Shangdang area were chased by the [-] Red Army at that time. After being bombed by several planes, they mistakenly thought that they were the target of the encirclement and annihilation, and fled south frantically. Soldiers kept falling behind along the way. The more he ran, the less he ran - if he could keep calm and not panic at that time, as long as he stopped and fought boldly, he could have easily wiped out half of Yu Tianyuntian's army.

It's a pity that he didn't see this, let alone Chang Baldy.Chang bald, who is easy to control, kept urging him to run away in the telegram, but he just ran away.

He didn't know at all that when Guan Linzheng's troops fled south, Chairman Li Runshi had already noticed one of the four major arsenals in the Republic of China in Gongxian County. There was a big loophole in the defense here-Chang Kaishen transferred all the elite and reserve troops into it. Shanxi, the entire northern part of Henan is a void.

A once-in-a-lifetime big loophole was thus exposed to the Red Army.

On the [-]th, when Yu Tianyun and Guan Linzheng were racing in the Shangdang area, Chairman Li Runshi in Pingyao had already begun to mobilize the troops around him to go south.

At that time, since most of the troops had already been sent to the front to participate in the battle to encircle and wipe out the Central Army in the direction of Yushe, Li Runshi could mobilize only one guard division, newly recruited local recruits and some "liberation soldiers" of the Jinsui Army. ".

All add up to no more than 6000 troops.

At that time, he dispatched 500 people in one go.Due to the drastic deployment of troops, for two days, the guard force around him was reduced to a dangerous level of only one battalion—this is why Huang Ke and Elena delayed their arrival until the eve of the counterattack on the [-]th The reason for the Yushe area.

At that time, in order to ensure the safety of the central government, the two men took the M21A[-] tank of the [-]st century and stationed in the central headquarters, and did not leave until the Red Army from other places filled the vacancy. The two followed the Red Army guards to the south.

The guard division going south has only a core force of more than 2000 people, and the remaining 3000 people were patched together from other places.When going south, you need to pass through the Linfen area-but the Jinsui Army in this period has long been frightened by the Northeast Army entering Jin from the west.They regarded the Red Army going south as the main force to join forces with the Northeast Army. Tens of thousands of defenders all retreated behind the line of defense, letting the guards rush across the border of Linfen like spectators and go all the way south.

On the way, when the guards went south, they met a supplementary brigade left by Wei Lihuang in Yuncheng. The opponent was about to flee south along the Yellow River, but was caught up by the guards. Thousands of people were captured, and the rest were defeated.

The officers and soldiers of the 34th Division, who were eager to go south, had no time to pay attention to these people. After handing over their bullets, they released them directly, and then crossed the Yellow River on the pontoon bridge they had already built.

At the same time, when Yu Tianyun's department pretended to chase the 25th Division to the Yellow River in the Shangdang area, it suddenly moved westward, plunged obliquely, and then forcibly crossed the Yellow River to take Gong County.

On April 26, when more than 25 people from the 2th Division crossed south in panic and were panting in Zhengzhou, more than 3000 Red Army vanguard troops from Yu Tianyun's department also crossed the Yellow River at the same time and went straight to Gong County.

At this time, the remnants of the Zhengzhou Kuomintang Army plus the 25th Division that had retreated from the Yellow River still had 3 troops.The Red Army occupying Gong County had an initial strength of no more than 3000, and even on the third day after Gong County fell, the total strength was no more than 5000.

And Yang Hucheng's Northwest Army troops who left the customs only dispatched more than 3 people at first.Even if it is regarded as a friendly army of the Red Army, when its vanguard rushed to Luoyang and became a corner with the Gong County Red Army, it was three days after Gong County fell.

If during those three days, Chang Kaishen had a clear head and ordered Guan Linzheng's troops to attack westward with all their strength, it would be very possible to retake Gong County.

It's a pity that at this time, Chang Kaishen was already stunned by the sudden change in the battle situation in Shanxi, especially after hearing that the Northeast Army entered Jin and the Northwest Army left Tongguan, he was afraid that Henan would also be taken by the opponent.

At the same time, Chairman Li Runshi gave the order to Yu Tianyun's department, which initially had only more than 3000 troops, to use offense as defense and pretend to be the main force.

"If you are weak, show the enemy to be strong!"

The huge gap between the leaders of the two sides in the art of combat command is instantly clear.

Because of the important strategic significance of Gong County, Huang Ke and Elena rushed to Gong County by plane on April 27th.At that time, in order to confuse Chang Kaishen's troops, the two first drove a plane to bomb Zhengzhou for a round. After the bombing, they drove their tanks again to pretend to attack the Zhengzhou Central Army's defense line for a while.

When the battle started that day, Yu Tianyun took out a mobile force of 2000 people that could only be mobilized in his hands, using M[-]A[-] tanks as attack arrows, and made a surprise attack, easily penetrated the first line of defense outside Zhengzhou, and captured hundreds of people in a mess afterwards. local security team.

This was an extremely successful active defense of "weakness shows the enemy to be strong". A wave of assault knocked out Guan Linzheng, who was hesitating whether to attack and recapture Gong County.When Chang Kaishen heard that Zhengzhou had been bombed by the Red Army, and at the same time tanks appeared on the front line, he was shocked again.

"How many soldiers does Li Runshi have?"

"No, he has a lot of soldiers! Zhang and Yang, these two gangsters, have already joined the Communist Party!"

At that time, his troops in Shanxi were fleeing north in a panic, Gong County was lost, and Zhengzhou was also attacked by air raids and tanks. He mistakenly thought that this was another main attack direction of the Red Army.The Zhengzhou defenders, who were nearly ten times stronger than their opponents, mistook themselves for the weak and missed the best opportunity for nothing.

At that time, he gave Guan Linzheng an order to shrink his troops, build trenches, and defend on the spot.

And this order also gave the Red Army in Gong County an extremely precious three days.

On April [-]th, with the arrival of new reinforcements, the defense of Gong County continued to strengthen, and the crisis of being retaken was lifted.....

Afterwards, Huang Ke also withdrew his heart from the front line and, as an expert, began to inspect the equipment of the arsenal in Gong County.

The full name of the Gongxian Arsenal is "Gongxian Arsenal of the Ordnance Department of the Military and Political Department", which was built under the auspices of Yuan Shikai.In view of the fact that there were already three arsenals in the south at that time, it would be inconvenient to control once the national situation changed. In 1914, Yuan Shikai ordered the construction of a large arsenal mainly for the production of ammunition and guns in the name of "unified products and improved products".

Ordinarily, Yuan Shikai was born in Xiangcheng, Henan, and lived in Anyang after he left the field. Why didn't the arsenal choose Xiangcheng or Anyang?Compared with Xiangcheng and Anyang, Gong County has unique advantages: First, Gong County is based on Hulao Pass in the east, Heishi Pass in the west, Songshan Mountain in the south, Yellow River in the north, and the Longhai Railway passes through it. Secondly, Gong County produces a large amount of coal, and also has more than 20 kinds of mineral deposits such as iron, refractory materials, and purple sand pottery, which can provide raw materials needed by arsenals.

During the construction of the arsenal, due to the financial difficulties of the Beijing government, it borrowed a large amount of foreign debt. On August 1919, 8, the Preparatory Office of the Gongxian Arsenal signed a loan contract with the Danish Wende Company. The total loan amount was US$30, with an annual interest rate of 171,543.88%, and a period of two years.Although the borrowed amount was not cash, but only to advance the purchase price of the parts purchased by the arsenal, it was the first well-documented foreign capital injected into China's national industry so far.

The intensity of its technology introduction is even worse than when the Westernization Group built an arsenal.The engineer who installed the press was Danish Ma De, the fuze engineer was German De Lin, and the engineer of the shell factory was also German.The gun factory machines are imported from the United States, the bullet factory machines are from Denmark, and the generators and machine tools are made in Germany and the United Kingdom.

In the past 22 years, the Gongxian Arsenal has produced a large number of weapons and equipment, including Type 18 rifles, German-made MP20 submachine guns (commonly known as portable machine guns or "flower machine guns"), Czech-style light machine guns, Browning pistols, and Type 1934 mortar shells. , Seventy-five type sub-munitions and more than 1924 kinds of weapons. In [-], the Gongxian Arsenal obtained the blueprint of the German-made M[-] rifle and began to imitate it.

Gong County is actually an excellent location for military industry, but it is a pity that it is too close to the front line of the Japanese invasion of China. Historically, in November 1937, Japanese planes bombed here frequently, causing great losses, so the equipment here will soon be needed. Move to another location.

After the Red Army took Gong County, only a small number of newly produced firearms and a large number of semi-finished products were found in the factory's inventory.Check the production records to find out.The factory's recent production capacity has been used to retool the 25th division's German mechanization.As for the old guns eliminated by the [-]th Division, they were used to arm the "replenishment brigade".

Huang Ke inspected the military equipment here, and gave an evaluation: the production of firearms is not much worse than that of the Japanese, but the more troublesome areas are: gun barrel steel, gun barrel steel, and large-caliber shell steel, all of which cannot be produced. Self-produced, everything is processed with supplied materials.Although it can also produce [-]mm mortar shells and [-]mm artillery shells, it is still unable to produce steel for field artillery shells by itself, and it still has to rely heavily on imports for related materials.The equipment here can produce shells for field guns and mountain guns, but the shells still need to be imported.

Mortar shells, the largest 160mm mortar also has cast iron shells. During the Anti-Japanese War, Yan Xishan used a large number of 150mm mortars, and the shells were cast iron. The Soviet Union also had a large number of 120mm mortars in World War II. Also a lot of imitation.

The embarrassment of the 81mm caliber is that it is not as low as it is high, and its mobility is not as light as the 82mm mortar, and its power is not as good as the 75/1923mm mortar. 75 mm, in the mortar family, is a very rare caliber in the world. In the Republic of China, only Hanyang (commissioned in 75) and Taiyuan could produce it—for example, the mortar used to kill Abe Kixiu, It's 75mm caliber.The famous cannon that was later collected in the military museum has no inscription on the cannon body, but netizens infer from its manufacturing process that it is a product made by Yan Xishan Taiyuan.At that time, Huang Ke asked Stalin for [-] steel pipes, because he considered the common problem with the [-]mm mortar shells made in Taiyuan.

"What a golden decade! Compradors are compradors. They don't even know how to close the loop in the military industry. After so many years of doing it, they can't even produce steel for gun barrels and shells!"

The last thing Huang Ke inspected was the local chemical arsenal, which is recorded here in the information of later generations.

"There are 10 workshops in the whole branch, and the products include 14 kinds of three categories, including gas bombs, tear gas bombs, caustic soda, and potassium chloride. Historically, after its normal production in 1937, the annual planned output of the factory was cone medicine, tobacco There were 11 tanks or hand grenades; 82 rounds of 2mm mortar shells with conical powder, 75 rounds of 5000mm mountain artillery shells with cone powder, 75 aerial bombs with square medicine, and 5000 rounds with [-]mm mountain artillery shell with square medicine, which strongly supported the War of Resistance Against Japan.

Laboratory production and industrial mass production are actually two completely different things.Many chemical products can be easily produced in the laboratory, but it is quite difficult and troublesome to mass-produce them industrially.Lin Mei, Huang Ke's mother, told him that in their physical structure institute, they have accumulated over decades and developed thousands of new projects. Just a few less.This step from the laboratory to the factory is the most difficult step.In reality, more famous cases, such as germanium transistors - the first germanium transistor was born in Bell Labs in December 1947, but the first radio using four germanium transistors was launched on a large scale, but it was not until 12 years, nearly seven years passed in between.

The chemical arsenal here in Gongxian County is not advanced in technology, and its products are even worse than Yan Laoxi’s Kaizi gunpowder. However, it can barely be regarded as a three-acid and two-alkali production base, but it still cannot directly manufacture explosives. Need to make up other process equipment.

As for these equipments, because in terms of chemical production, there is only a "laboratory" level of operation, Huang Ke can't understand it, just watch the excitement, but this matter will be handled by Soviet experts at that time.

Here in Gong County, as long as the raw materials are sufficient, the production capacity of firearms here can reach [-] guns and [-] grenades per month.But the real priceless treasure here is the nearly [-] military workers working in the factory, as well as the more precious technical personnel.And many of these people are also from the Northeast.

However, the most important issue of explosives cannot be produced here.Looking at these equipment, Huang Ke thought of the ammonia plant equipment that had been piled up for a long time in the Nanjing warehouse.Because the site of the factory was occupied by the streptomycin factory, there is no shadow of the ammonia factory now.But as long as those equipment can be moved into the Soviet area and put into production, together with the equipment here, a nearly closed military chemical production chain is basically complete.

"Eight thousand tons..."

Huang Ke's real headache was the big problem of how to transfer the equipment in Gong County.

The information found on the Internet records this period of history in this way.

After the July 8000th Incident, the factory was continuously harassed by Japanese invaders.In order to preserve the production capacity of the factory, it was decided to relocate the whole factory to Sichuan under the order of the national government.The historical records about this relocation have the following records: "Check all the parts, materials, instruments, and files of the factory, with a total weight of more than 1938 tons, and some of the chemical parts are very precise and abnormal, so they need to be disassembled and transported very carefully, and some of them are bulky. Heavy and inseparable, the loading and unloading of vehicles and ships requires a high degree of technology. The employees of our factory used their wisdom to work hard day and night, and all the machine materials arrived at the factory site one after another since February 2. road."

"After the Battle of Shanxi, Chang Kaishen was about to go bankrupt financially. The Gongxian Arsenal was right next to his 25th Division. If Chang Baldzi wasn't recaptured, he would probably die in grievances. Well, he doesn't have much mobile force now. It's useless to rush the goods. In a few days, there will be new reinforcements entering Gong County."

On the 5000th, Chairman Li Runshi saw that there was an "opportunity to seize the opportunity" here in Gong County. Not only did he spare no effort to spare his own guards to join Gong County during the decisive battle on the front line, but he also dispatched the left-behind troops from Yan'an to the rear. The second wave of more than [-] reinforcements was drawn from the left-behind troops in Yan'an and rushed to Xi'an by car, and then transferred to Tongguan. Along with the Northwest Army that was leaving Tongguan one after another, they were rushing here at high speed. It will arrive in two days.

In this battle of Shanxi, the Red Army actually exhausted all the strategic reserves in its hands and used all its strength.

Because of his special status, when Huang Ke inspected the factory, he deliberately avoided the workers and technicians in the factory.After the Red Army captured Gongxian County, these precious workers and technicians were treasured.

Huang Ke inspected the surrounding area for a while, wrote a preliminary assessment report (mainly in terms of mechanical equipment), and sent it to the central government. After the second batch of reinforcements arrived, he left first.

At this time, the Battle of Shanxi had come to an end, and Chang Kaishen, who had been defeated all the way, was preparing to lead his troops to escape from Zhangjiakou and flee to Peiping. Lost control over North China.

When Huang Ke left with Elena, the destination they went to was Tianjin.

History has been changed too much, Chang Kaishen was beaten too badly and weakened too badly!

Now, even Huang Ke doesn't know when Japan's all-out war of aggression against China will break out.

It's time to convince old friends Fan Xudong and Hou Debang to start moving early!

On May [-], Huang Ke arrived in Tianjin. When he saw his old friend Fan Xudong, he bought a local newspaper on the way. The title was "Baoding falls into the hands of the bandits, Zhangjiakou is in danger".

At this time, martial law had already begun in the entire Pingjin area. Fortunately, he had a special status and had an excellent relationship with Song Zheyuan, so he was able to pass all the way in Tianjin without hindrance.

On May 13th, Chang Kaishen first transferred his battalion from Zhangjiakou back to Peiping. He was accompanied by some remnants of the 13th Army. In the next few days, a large number of trains ran back and forth between Zhangjiakou and Beiping. In addition to taking the defeated soldiers of the 18th Army and [-]th Army back to Beiping, a large number of local businessmen and rich households fled the area frantically.Those who were related fled to Peiping, and those who didn't matter fled to the nearest Datong and Guisui to transfer their family property.On the same day, the five southern provinces made their voices successively, announcing that the five southwestern provinces would jointly defend and protect each other and break away from the Nanjing Nationalist Government.

On May [-]th, Huang Ke saw the front page of the news in the Tianjin newspaper: Zhangjiakou fell into the hands of the red bandits.

Huang Ke threw the newspaper in front of Fan Xudong, smiled and said to him:

"Old Fan, if you don't move, your factory will soon be given to the Japanese."

In May, Vladivostok had already thawed out, and the third batch of aid from the Soviet Union to Tianjin arrived on the third day.Huang Ke came to Tianjin to accept this batch of equipment and persuade Fan Xudong by the way.Now is the "cooling off period" for him to take out the supplies and equipment, but he doesn't care about this time.