From to 1935 2020

This was the reason why he spit on the ground when he left the pharmaceutical factory angrily.

The Chang Kaishen Dynasty is now about to be branded as the "Four Provinces Remnants" dynasty. Everyone knows that this dynasty is about to come to an end. As the comprador agents of the United States controlling the Chang Dynasty, the Kong and Song families have also lost their use value. .In the eyes of consortiums such as DuPont and Knockefeller, it is an unexpected "big surprise" to be able to reap the lackeys like this before the end of this dynasty.

"Huang Ke, you are not human! Our Song family (Kong family) and you are at odds!"

At the end of March, when the U.S. stock price of Gold Pharmaceutical fell below one dollar, similar roars came from the mansions of the Kong family and the Song family at the same time.

At about the same time, Huang Ke, who was crazily cursed by the two, was clinking glasses with Stalin in the Kremlin with Pierre Dupont, having a good time.

Huang Ke asked with concern: "The stock price of Gold Pharmaceutical has fallen so badly! The Kong family and the Song family are going bankrupt, right?"

Pierre Dupont held up his cup and said with a smile: "The U.S. government and banks have frozen all their deposits and assets in the U.S.."

Stalin, who watched the whole scene from the sidelines, also gave a rare compliment.

"Good job!"

In this matter, the Soviet Union also gained a lot of benefits. Now Pierre Dupont came to Moscow in person to discuss with Stalin the negotiation of transferring the formula and process of "Jiangfeng Pill".Stalin did not want money, but asked DuPont to help the Soviet Union build more factories in exchange.

In the past two years, Huang Ke was able to earn more than 1 million U.S. dollars back and forth in the United States, and he was able to retire unscathed in the end, not only because he completed this successful "reward" for the American consortium, but also because of the Standing in the background of the Soviet Union.

The Americans thought that streptomycin was a Soviet technology, and Huang Ke was a broker working for the Soviet government, so the two sides could negotiate on an "equal basis" with "equal interests".Otherwise, there are only Elena and Huang Ke, even if they are willing to split the profit [-]/[-], but there are only two of you, a commoner, what are you?Why are you negotiating with us? Wouldn't it be nice to arrest you and extract all the oil?

If only two people negotiate with DuPont alone, they will laugh if they can get a "patent fee" of 200 million.U.S. consortiums have done countless times in history to seize patents.

Without the support of the Soviet Union, the two of them would have been wiped out by the Americans long ago, not even bones left.

The situation of "Jiangfeng Pills" is the same for sildenafil.This is a more profitable industry than streptomycin.The Soviet Union came forward to negotiate with the Americans as a country, which is the best way to maximize benefits.It is also for this reason that the Soviet Union is also completely liberal and generous in aiding China's weapons and equipment.

Stalin was no winner either.He is now fully supporting China's war of resistance, sending out people and weapons, but he got more.

--------------

When the Kong and Song families were wailing miserably by Huang Kekeng, Li Runshi in the north was also in a heavy heart.

"The cadres and time are still not enough!"

When the Red Army ended the Battle of Huainan and completely shattered Chang Kaishen's bones with one blow, Chairman Li Runshi watched the telegram sent by Comrade Fang Zhimin, the person in charge of the southwestern Zhejiang base, and sighed in his heart.

More than a year has passed since the end of the Long March. In fifteen months, the Red Army not only ended its passive state of being beaten, but also controlled most of the provinces north of the Yangtze River in one fell swoop, becoming the strongest political and military force in China. At the same time, it is also facing the pain of insufficient cadres after the rapid expansion of the area controlled by the base area.

The "request telegrams" sent from the newly liberated provinces are not for weapons, but for cadres!After the Battle of Shanxi, the strategy adopted by the Red Army was to fight for a month, recuperate for two to three months, and then continue to fight again.The reason for the rest is to concentrate the cadres on hand to carry out land reform in the local area and urgently establish a grassroots political power in the countryside.

However, the negative reaction of the victory coming too quickly and the rapid expansion of the base area was actually quite obvious during the Battle of Henan in June last year.When it came to the Hubei-Chongqing Battle, it was extremely serious, but in July 1937, when the unprecedented victory in the Huainan Battle was achieved, Chairman Li Runshi, the victor, was extremely distressed.

At this moment, he has clearly realized the evil consequences of the Soviet October Revolution, which was won too quickly.After completing the Long March, the Red Army, with less than 10 troops, could not provide so many qualified cadres to fill grassroots organizations in various places.Even if a large number of arrested underground party comrades were exchanged through two major exchanges of prisoners, it was still insufficient.

After the Battle of Shanxi, the Red Army kept persecuting Song Zheyuan, forcing him to agree to the Communist Party's entry into various schools in Pingjin. The real reason was that the Red Army was extremely short of cadres at this time, and all eyes were on schools everywhere.

After March, schools across the country have already started school, but the number of students returning to school, except for science students, is not even half of the number of liberal arts students in previous years.The reason is that almost all of these students who did not come were retained by the red government in their hometown, and they were directly filled into the grassroots cadre system in various places.

Although the Red Army established the Red Army Cadre School in Yan'an before the Shanxi Campaign, the cadres trained were snatched away by frantic hands as soon as they left the school.

"A large number of speculators are taking advantage of this period to sneak into the revolutionary ranks..."

Li Runshi recalled the exclamation he heard when talking with Stalin in Moscow. What happened to the Soviet comrades also happened to the Red Army itself.

"The next war of resistance will be a raging fire. A difficult war will eliminate a lot of scum... But a difficult war will cause great harm to the people. If the Red Army fights well in the early stage, the flame temperature will not be enough , the scum that is filtered out is not enough. If the fight is not good, the war is too hard, and the people will suffer more...."

After the Huainan Campaign ended, the power of the Nanjing puppet government in Jiangbei fell into disintegration immediately.There was almost no need for the main force of the Red Army to attack, and its remnants in Jiangbei fled south in a hurry. The entire Anhui region, the Lianghuai and northern Jiangsu regions, and many towns became "vacuum zones" overnight.

"The big pursuit has long been turned into a big march. A company of Red Army marching eastward can easily occupy any county along the way!"

Before receiving Fang Zhimin's campaign launch telegram, Li Runshi was having a meeting with high-level officials to discuss the reception and construction of Huainan and northern Jiangsu base areas.

"This is uncooked rice, he doesn't even put raw rice in it! This is a big pot of uncooked rice! Because of the lack of cadres, our Red Army took this place, and we were almost faced with the same embarrassing situation when Li Zicheng entered Beijing at the end of the Ming Dynasty—because of the lack of Cadres, our Red Army simply cannot control such a huge place!"

"How did Li Zicheng be defeated? The battle of stones, the front line was defeated, and the local forces without foundation turned against the water. Yesterday seemed to be full of flowers, but overnight the snowstorm came. The sky was blue, the snow was vast, and the ice edge was countless. The sky fell and the earth cracked!"

"The Japanese, the Japanese are coming soon, and at this point in time, it's not half a year, not three months, but one month, or even less! We don't even have a month left!"

At an internal meeting not long ago, Li Runshi made a judgment on the situation of the Chinese revolution in this way.

"During the Battle of Shanxi, we were full! During the Battle of Henan, we were full! After the Battle of Hubei, we vomited! And after the Battle of Huainan, we were about to burst!"

Due to the serious shortage of cadres, and in the Huainan and Huaibei areas, Chang Kaishen's forces have frantically shrunk southward, revealing a vacuum that is too large, even so large that the Red Army is unable to fill it.

The newly liberated Hubei area is a land of fish and rice, the most important confidant of the war of resistance in the future, and it must be controlled as soon as possible.

Li Runshi knew very well that the current situation of the Red Army was definitely not a "happiness trouble".It's a series of victories, and after the expansion of the territory is out of control, it will face an unprecedented crisis.

There is a long way to go and a long way to go.

In order to solve the problem of excessive territorial expansion, in the past few days, the Red Army, as the leader of the "Northern Anti-Japanese Alliance", has issued a proposal to "support the two Huaihe Rivers" to the ministries of Yang Hucheng, Song Zheyuan, Zhang Xueliang, Fu Zuoyi, and Han Fuqu.

The requirement is that each ministries send their own troops to Huainan and northern Jiangsu to "enclose land" to fill the vacuum left by Chang Kaishen.

The fastest mover was naturally Han Fuqu. In fact, he didn't need to be called by the Red Army. He ordered the army to go south as early as the beginning of this year, frantically infiltrating and seizing Chang Kaishen's territory in northern Jiangsu.After March, the action was accelerated.After the defeat, Chang Kaishen's old forces, who had gone under the general trend, also happily voted for Han Fuqu—in the eyes of the local landlord and gentry forces, it was better to vote for Han Fuqu than to vote for the Red Army, right?Anyway, it's just a change of master, they are used to it.

Zhang Xueliang's Northeast Army was the second fastest.The Northeast Army, which has been suffering from no territory, was assigned a small base in both Hebei and Shanxi after the Shanxi Campaign.

However, the military strategic situation in which multiple forces in North China (the Red Army, the New Jin faction, the 29th Army, the Northeast Army, and the Japanese) are entangled can be described as "a group of muscular men crowded together on a single bed."Surrounded by either the Red Army or Song Zheyuan, they were so densely packed that there was nowhere to breathe. The Northeast Army had no room to "grow" with its fists.

Although we got the land of Baoding and Shijiazhuang, Hebei is too narrow, and it is still extremely difficult to support 20 Northeast Army. Zhang Xueliang and his group of Northeast Army warlords and warlords have long thought about expanding outward. .For the candy thrown out by the Red Army, he opened his mouth and swallowed it almost without thinking.During the Battle of Huainan, the Northeast Army was the only force that actively participated, and the troops entered Anhui early.They did not directly attack the Central Army, but sent troops from the north to the southeast, staking out everywhere. When the 18th Army was completely defeated, Zhang Xueliang also released his cavalry army and helped capture many prisoners of war.

After the war, the Northeast Army happily occupied a large area from Lingbi in Huaibei to Suqian in northern Jiangsu.The Northeast Army, which had been hungry for a long time, even took the initiative to attack the nearby area still under Chang Kaishen's control without the Red Army's advice.Then Zhang Xueliang also transferred three-fifths of his 49th Army, 51st Army, and 57th Army to the northern Jiangsu area, continued to staking the land, and went directly to attack Chang Kaishen's remaining territory in northern Jiangsu.

And Yang Hucheng, who was also trapped in the western corner of Henan and suffered from nowhere to expand, also sent most of his family property. The Northwest Army of two divisions entered Anhui and northern Jiangsu to "support", and the Red Army also took the initiative to "give up" with great generosity. A large area including Fengyang-Wuhe to the east of Huainan (Shouchun) was handed over to Yang Hucheng's department.

These old warlords had limited strategic vision. In their eyes, North China would be the focus of Japan's attack, and Anhui and Northern Jiangsu were the "big rear area."

As for the Song Zheyuan Department of the 29th Army that was almost hollowed out by the Red Army in Hebei.At the suggestion of the Red Army, Song Zheyuan "consciously" sent more than 2 people from Zhang Kexia's department to Anhui to occupy the Shouchun area "let" by the Red Army, and joined the group. In the "big meal" of "the leader Li Runshi eats meat, and many younger brothers drink soup and suck bone marrow".

At present, the troops of these several forces are being mobilized, and the only one that does not participate is Fu Zuoyi's department.These warlords who were born in the Jinsui Army had a serious rural situation, and all of them just wanted to keep their old dens. No one wanted to move, and they refused to eat the meat that was brought to their mouths.

The Red Army, which won the Huainan Battle, actually controlled only the narrow counties and cities from the south of Hefei to Anqing, and then along the Yangtze River.In terms of geography and output, it is the area with the best conditions in Anhui Province.

The military deployment plan of "Northern Alliance to jointly maintain the defense of the Huai River region" was proposed by Chairman Li Runshi, but since everyone knows the internal problems of the Red Army and understands that the Yangtze River Basin is about to become a "big battlefield", this proposal is easily obtained Passed by all.After Stalin, who was far away in Moscow, knew about this distribution plan, he was also very satisfied with the thought of being able to trap those "feudal warlords" in the north. ,

In private, he said to Elena:

"Li Runshi should have done this a long time ago. Those warlords are all speculators. We should use the opportunity of the War of Resistance to consume and eliminate them! It is because too many such people have mixed into the ranks after the October Revolution that we can't do it now." No major purge."

As the "leader" of the Northern Anti-Japanese Alliance, the Red Army went out on its own, killing Chang Kaishen's pigs, and then distributed the meat to many allies, which won a lot of praise from the surrounding area, and everyone was very satisfied.

PS: It was originally two chapters, but it’s not troublesome to think about it, let’s merge one chapter and post it at once

New group group number 545765452

-------------------- Transformation vehicles SU[-] and SU[-] of weapon data T[-] (free) ------------------ --

At the beginning of 1941, the Soviet army realized that the T-26 light tanks in their hands were seriously outdated and could not compete with the world's advanced tanks, so they decided to convert the replaced T-26 tanks into self-propelled artillery.

Xiyang readers can click here to see related photos and physical maps of the museum.

On May 5, the Military Commissioner ordered that the T-27 with twin turrets be refitted and an M26 1927mm mountain gun installed to improve the mobility of the army's regimental support artillery.According to the assumption, 76.2 modifications should be completed in 1942.

The modification work went smoothly, because the M1927 itself is not large in size and weight, and can be easily installed on the chassis.The turret adopts an open rear structure, which can be rotated 360°, and 50 rounds of shells are carried in the vehicle.The cab is protected by a protruding armor box, and the driver can enter and exit through the front hatch.

Information about the specific performance parameters of the gun is scarce, but judging from the T-26 tank, its protection ability is very weak, and it can only resist the damage of light weapons and shell fragments.In terms of combat capabilities, the M1927 regiment equipped with it is a field gun with a caliber of 76.2 mm, a maximum range of 7700 meters, and a muzzle velocity of 387 meters per second. When firing armor-piercing projectiles, it can penetrate 100 mm homogeneous steel armor at 34 meters. It can be used Counter some light armored vehicles with a rate of fire of 10-12 rounds per minute.On both sides of the artillery on the front of the turret, there is also a DT self-defense machine gun.

The SU-26 has 4 crew members, namely the driver, commander, loader and gunner. Due to the limited space, the crew members are all "suffocated". Like most Soviet armored weapons at that time, the SU-26 The -[-] is also not equipped with radio equipment, and its combat response is very poor.

It is generally believed that only 26 SU-12s were produced in Leningrad, and they were assigned to 4 armored brigades in groups of 3.The reason why the production is so small is mainly because after the outbreak of the Soviet-German War, Leningrad was semi-encircled by the German army on the northern front, and there were not enough chassis and artillery to continue production, and the Soviet production units on other fronts did not have Get the blueprints and focus on the production of other types of weapons.

In 942, Leningrad's SU-26 participated in the battle. In actual combat, the performance of the gun was not outstanding, mainly because its power was too small, its mobility was not very good, and its number was small, so it was difficult to form a firepower advantage over the German army. In the artillery battle, the warships in the port stole the limelight everywhere.

Despite this, the 12 SU-26s equipped by the armored brigade still played some roles, destroying German bunkers, firepower points and other targets in some battles.

Another reason that affected the mass production of this type of tank was the emergence of its peer SU76, which had a simpler structure-the rotating turret was canceled and the artillery was more powerful.The SU26 rotating turret and semi-closed structure, although very good, but the structure is complicated, the production hours are long, and it is not conducive to the wartime standards of the Soviet Union - the background of its birth is that when Leningrad was besieged, there was a tank factory in the city , the Leningrad factory was cut off from foreign raw materials after being besieged for two years. Instead, it had time to slowly and carefully improve the existing equipment.However, due to factors such as ready-made chassis and raw materials, only 12 vehicles were produced in the end.

In addition, compared with the SU76, the difference between the two vehicles is that the SU26 is equipped with a 360-degree rotatable M1927 mountain cannon with a range of about four kilometers.

The early type of SU30 is equipped with M76.2/13.5 [-] field guns, the maximum range of which is about [-] kilometers.

SU-76P

With the manufacture of new tanks, a large number of T-26 tanks were idled, which became a ready-made resource for the manufacture of self-propelled artillery, but the massive losses of Soviet tanks at the beginning of the Soviet-German War made this resource almost exhausted.Nevertheless, in besieged Leningrad in 41-42, small batches of the SU-76P were produced, a self-propelled gun with a 26mm field gun mounted on a T-76 chassis, with only a round circle The protective plate protects the occupants, but this is the only way in the case of extreme shortage of supplies in the encirclement. In the autumn of 41, the Soviet 45mm artillery fighting on the Leningrad front could only deal with soft targets such as infantry due to the lack of armor-piercing shells and high-explosive shells.Therefore, the Leningrad Front Command asked the Ministry of Tank Industry to modify the existing BT and T-26 tanks and install 76mm guns for them.After a series of successful tests, the Leningrad Front Command ordered factory No. 174 to start manufacturing the new self-propelled gun.This self-propelled gun was designated SU-76, and from 1943 it was called SU-76P to distinguish it from the newly developed SU-76.

SU-12(SU-76)

1942年10月19日，GKO发布了第2429号文件命令GAZ和第38号工厂发展一种轻型自行火炮，装备有76.2mm的ZIS-3型火炮。新车的底盘和引擎将基于T-70坦克，增加整车的长度和负重轮。

In November 1942, the two factories came up with their design models, both equipped with ZIS-11Sh assault guns. The design model of the GAZ factory was named GAZ-3, while that of the No. 71 factory was named SU-38. On December 12, 42, after comparative testing, the GAZ-12 was considered unsuitable for the war situation at that time and unreliable, so was canceled.The SU-9 plan was accepted, and it was officially named "SU-71 self-propelled assault gun", and mass production began on January 12, 76.Two GAZ-43 engines are placed in parallel to replace the straight line of the T-1, and a closed armor plate with a thickness of 1-202mm is added. The cockpit is placed in the middle of the two engines, and the ZIS-70Sh artillery is installed on the upper part. structure, the entire upper structure is rear mounted, and the crew is 10 people. At the end of January 35, two self-propelled artillery regiments were established with SU-3 self-propelled assault guns and put into battle.

A well-preserved early model of SU-76.

A well-preserved early model of SU-76.

SU-76M (SU-12M)

After several hundred units of the SU-76 were produced, production was suspended due to serious mechanical problems and some other problems.The powertrain consisted of two GAZ-202 automatic engines, each driving one track - but there were no synchronizing gears, so the driver had to control both engines at the same time, which was difficult.Another arrangement caused strong vibrations, which caused the engine and transmission to fail.The second big problem is the completely enclosed crew compartment, which results in a small space and it is difficult for the crew to fit in the battle.So make some improvements to it

Su-76 marching in combat

Su-76 marching in combat

Removed the top cover of the crew compartment and improved the filling method of the turret.The powertrain was also improved, with a more powerful 85 hp GAZ-203 mounted in series on the right side of the car, each driving a drive shaft.Improved designation SU-76M, re-produced in early 1943.As the Soviet summer offensive of 1943 was approaching, GKO gave a very strict time to develop and correct the shortcomings of the SU-76. On May 43, 5, the improved SU-17M (SU-76M) entered the testing stage, and production began in June of the same year.This SU-12M has improved engine and rotation system, retaining the original hull.But the failure of the engine system has not been completely ruled out.This modified SU-6M self-propelled gun took part in the Battle of Kursk.

SU-15/SU-16/SU-38

In the summer of '43, the design department of the GAZ plant and plant No. 38 proposed the development of some improved SU-76. The GAZ factory developed the GAZ-74A design model, using a Soviet diesel engine and an American engine, and installed the new 76.2mm S-1 gun.However, due to some reasons, this model was not accepted and only a test car was built.The No. 38 factory also provided three different design models: SU-15/SU-16/SU-38.These models are equipped with 76.2mm S-15 guns, and the engine uses the same GAZ-70 as the T-203 tank. The chassis and hull of the SU-15 were taken from that of the SU-12, with two GAZ-203 engines, an improved air filtration system and a slight widening. The engine, transmission system and chassis of SU16 are all T-70 light tanks, but the front armor is increased to 45mm. SU-38 is the same as SU-16, the chassis and engine are T-70, SU-38 is much lighter than SU-16, and its front compartment is fully armored (just like SU-152), this is for balance entire chassis load.

In the summer of 1943, after the tests were completed, the SU-16 was considered the most successful design, but after reducing the overall weight of the SU-15, the SU-15 was decided to be mass-produced.

SU-15M (SU-76)

GAZ工厂很快又开始改进SU-15，改进后的SU-15的序列号是SU-15M，和前几种型号的区别在于它的顶部和后部的隔舱是没有装甲保护的。SU-15M采用了两台GAZ-202引擎。1943年8月，SU-15M成功地通过所有的测试被作为SU-76系列生产并装备部队，1943年10月1日，开始正式的批量生产。 [2]

-------------------- What is the price of the German Panzer I? --------------------

Regarding the physical cost of World War II tanks.

First of all, let me say this: When the war has become an overall war like World War II, the cost of weapons is no longer an issue. The real issue is the manpower and equipment required to manufacture a weapon.

Let's start with German tanks.

I checked on Baidu on the Internet, the cost of the No. 1500 tank is 2000 US dollars, and the No. [-] tank is [-] US dollars. Regarding this cost, I suspect that it should be the internal price of the German army. (A reader found another information for me, saying that the cost of Type A of the No. [-] tank is [-], and the cost of Type B is [-]. I think this price should be more real.)

When it came to the 15-ton No. 3 tank, the cost soared to [-] US dollars.

And other tanks of the same period.

The Vickers E-tank that I repeatedly mentioned in the book, the prototype of the T6000, was sold by Britain to the Soviet Union for more than [-] pounds.According to the exchange rate of one to four, it is about [-] US dollars.Considering that this was a "new product" at the time, it was normal for the price to be high.

Later, when it was sold to Poland, it was sold for [-] pounds. However, a scandal occurred at this time: the armor was too thin, and it was pierced by a machine gun during the test. As a result, Vickers had to reduce the price, and finally it was [-] pounds. The deal was about $[-].

Here at this time, there are some things that make me feel a little bit problematic.