Rebirth 2008: I Can Make Money Reading

Latest website: Launching a rocket is not a simple matter. Even if Mu Yang can open it and master the technology quickly, it still needs the assistance of a strong team.

To this end, Xinghai Group needs to form a technical team of 1,000-1,500 people, and set up a space exploration technology project team, which is responsible for rocket design, rocket launch, satellite design and manufacturing, and other aerospace technology work, which is different from the aeroengine project department.

At present, it has not entered the satellite design and manufacturing project, but is fully committed to the development of rocket design and launch.

This project team was established last year. Currently, there are only three to four hundred people. Most of them are recruited from the school and need to continue to expand.

To put it nicely, this is a young department; to put it bluntly, this is an immature department.

The launch vehicle that Mu Yang is designing still uses liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen. The number of molecules of hydrogen is low, only 2, and it can provide more heat with the same mass of fuel. At the same time, the combustion of oxygen and hydrogen has a large calorific value.

When nuclear energy or other new enriched energy sources have not been settled, liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen are still needed as fuel for rocket launches.

Since it is launched vertically, the thrust provided by combustion is required to be much greater than the gravity of the rocket, which is also different from the current aviation aircraft that taxi to take off. If a civil aircraft can take off vertically, the thrust provided by the aero-engine is very exaggerated.

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At night in H City in late January, the temperature dropped below zero degrees Celsius. Jiuxi Rose Garden, Villa King.

This is Mu Yang's villa. In the bedroom, the heating is lingering, and the indoor temperature is around ten degrees Celsius.

It was already eleven o'clock in the evening, and Mu Yang was covered with an imported 95 white goose down duvet. Under the quilt, there was only a pair of baggy shorts hanging on the other two warm calves.

He was thinking about the design of the rocket, and when his train of thought got stuck, he glanced at Song Xuelu who was wearing thin tight pajamas beside him, unable to hide his curvy figure at all.

Especially the silky... plush pajamas, well, they are very comfortable to the touch.

"Husband, how much does it cost to commission a commercial rocket launch?" Song Xuelu leaned against the bed and asked curiously. She knew that the cost of launching a rocket was high, but she didn't know an approximate figure.

Mu Yang replied casually: "It depends on whether the launch is in low-earth orbit (LEO) or geosynchronous transition orbit (GTO), or Mars farther away, and the payload.

For example, Eagle 9, which is being tested by Musk Space Company, according to the information we have inquired, the standard price is 62 million US dollars, launched to low earth orbit (LEO), with a maximum load of 22.8 tons; if launched to geosynchronous transition orbit (GTO) ), with a maximum load of 8.3 tons.

The heavy-duty Falcon standard price is 90 million US dollars, launched to low earth orbit (LEO), with a maximum load of 54.4 tons; launched to geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO), with a maximum load of 22.2 tons.

His company is relatively cheap. "

"Oh, that's not cheap, one launch costs hundreds of millions of dollars." "It's not cheap, my wife, you think it's only tens of millions of dollars."

Song Xuelu laughed hoarsely and said, "Hehe, that's not true, I thought it would cost two or three billion."

"Well, if it's just the launch cost, it usually doesn't exceed $200 million. If it's a small rocket, it might only cost a few million dollars, or even lower."

"Is it more than one arrow?"

"Yes, it mainly depends on the weight and model of the satellite. If it is a light satellite, one rocket can carry dozens of satellites; if it is a large satellite, there may be only one. It depends on the situation."

"Oh, it carries a lot of satellites. If you launch it in the future, how much will it cost?"

"It costs hundreds of millions to launch once, and at least three times a night!" Mu Yang chuckled and winked at her deliberately.

Seeing her husband's bad appearance, Song Xuelu thought about what he said, and quickly understood what it meant, and said angrily, "You are not serious at all!"

"Hehe, you are not serious, okay? I said that it is not normal to spend hundreds of millions of yuan at a time. It must be cheaper than Musk's space company. Moreover, as long as you have money

, the number of times a day is unlimited, we fully have this ability. "

"Hmph, come on, don't think I don't know, that's what you meant just now." Mu Yang didn't refute, and proved it with actions.

This evening, he had a gymnastics exercise, but the cost was estimated to be more than a few hundred million, which was exhausted into a "big" character.

Squinting his eyes, Mu Yang began to think about space again.

Many people once asked him why he entered the rocket launch field.

Space technology is a high-end technology, and it is also an area where countries around the world spend great efforts to develop. The reason for this is that the future of the world belongs to the aerospace industry. The future competition of the world is the competition of space. If you want to occupy a favorable position in the future competition, It is understandable that countries spend so much money and energy in this field.

For Mu Yang, the stars and sea are his dreams.

It's just that some people don't believe him when he explains it this way.

The ultimate goal of launching rockets is to send satellites or other materials into space.

Mu Yang remembers a story about aerospace. In the early 1980s, because Hua country did not have its own communication satellites, we had to rent foreign satellites to watch TV and listen to the radio. During a women's volleyball match, the signal was suddenly interrupted, and the words "Rent satellite, time is up" appeared on the screen.

At that time, the Hua people all had a dream in their hearts, hoping that the country could have its own communication satellite.

Today's Mu Yang also hopes that Xinghai Group will have its own communication satellites, scientific research satellites, earth resource satellites, reconnaissance satellites and navigation satellites, instead of relying on others.

Of course, launching rockets and satellites is just the beginning of his dream, and his ultimate dream is to truly conquer the galaxy as in science fiction.

When a man is tired of playing with cars, yachts and airplanes, he wants to fly farther and higher, and the earth can no longer satisfy him.

On the second day, Mu Yang continued to export rocket technical information.

The rocket he designed is completely different from the traditional rocket structure from the 1980s to today.

Traditional staged rockets are like this. They are generally divided into four stages. The first stage is burned first. After the fuel is burned, the wreckage is thrown away, which is equivalent to reducing weight. Generally, there are three to four stages, and the thrust is getting smaller and smaller.

The use of rocket recovery technology is not to recover the rocket wreckage in stages, but to recover the whole rocket for reuse without the wreckage falling off. Such a rocket has only one or two stages, usually a two-stage rocket, such as the Falcon 9.

This type of recoverable rocket is generally equipped with one or more engines at the bottom of the rocket. Their upper part is connected to the fuel tank, and the bottom is composed of the main combustion chamber and the nozzle.

The core technology of the rocket is actually the engine. Whether a more advanced rocket engine can be developed will almost directly determine the outcome of the space hegemony!

For different types of rocket engines, the combustion chamber and nozzle are standard configurations and are similar. The difference lies in the fuel transmission system between the fuel tank and the combustion chamber, which is also the core secret of an engine!

Oxygen and combustible gas, if a certain ratio is too much, can not be fully combusted.

Even if the ratio is right, it is difficult to fully burn, because the combustion utilization rate of liquid combustible gas and liquid oxygen is not as good as that after complete vaporization.

Before talking about the structure of the rocket designed by Mu Yang, if you understand the weight of the rocket, then you can understand it more clearly.

The weight of the rocket itself and the satellite is not very heavy relative to the weight of the fuel.

For example, Musk's Falcon 9 is a two-stage rocket. The weight of the first-stage rocket is only about 22 tons without fuel, and the dry weight of the second-stage rocket is only about 4 tons.

In other words, the main body of the rocket is only 26 tons. If it is launched into a near orbit, the total weight of all satellites is about 20 tons, that is, the full load without fuel is about tens of tons.

However, after refueling, the weight at full load is about 549 tons. Excluding the maximum load weight of 22 tons, the remaining 500 tons are fuel. Among them, the first-stage rocket needs to add 400 tons of fuel, and the second-stage rocket needs to add 100 tons of fuel. , fuel weight accounted for as high as 91%!

Therefore, how to fully exploit the energy of every drop of fuel is the difficulty! Therefore, what Muyang uses is the full-flow graded combustion!

Of course, the Falcon 9 does not use full-flow staged combustion. It is still a traditional rocket combustion method. The fuel is not hydrogen, but liquid methane, and kerosene is used.

The full-flow staged combustion is not the first creation of Muyang. What is really realized is the rocket engine Raptor of Musk SpeX Company. It is a test product after a few years, but it has not been applied to the actual launch, and there are still many defects.

Full flow means that every drop of fuel will be fully burned in the combustion chamber or pre-chamber, staged means that every drop of fuel will be burned twice or more.

In this way, for rocket engines based on chemical principles, this effect is the most ideal way to use fuel, and the full-flow staged combustion architecture has become the ultimate architecture of chemical rocket engines.

The idea is perfect, however, it has a very big problem.

Due to the high combustion efficiency of the full-flow supplementary combustion engine, the temperature of the combustion chamber is also very high, which can reach about 3400 degrees. Then such a high temperature encounters a chamber pressure of hundreds of atmospheres (about 35Mpa), which causes it to damage the engine combustion chamber wall. The cooling performance and material strength requirements of the engine have increased. If the requirements cannot be met, the safety of the engine will be very low, and it is not suitable for reuse, but only suitable for one-time use.

In other words, if Muyang cannot solve the problem of high temperature resistant materials and high-strength materials to solve the problem of high temperature and high pressure, the rocket engine structure must be abandoned.

Therefore, high technology is very dependent on materials!

Even if there is technology, but the foundation is not laid well, the follow-up high technology cannot be developed at all. back on topic,

The rocket engines Raptor and Falcon 9 mentioned just now use liquid methane as fuel instead of hydrogen!

Why?

Why are those traditional rockets that can use hydrogen, but they can't?

Rocket engines The engines of the Raptor and Falcon 9 are completely different from traditional rocket structure engines. Using hydrogen is certainly better than liquid methane.

However, a high combustion value means higher requirements for the materials of the engine combustion chamber, and hydrogen is more likely to explode, requiring a very high strength of the combustion chamber, and the chamber pressure may exceed 33Mpa.

The water pressure of our domestic tap water taps is generally 0.3Mpa-0.7Mpa, so the requirements for the pipeline are not high, and ordinary plastic pipes or ordinary 20 carbon steel pipes are used with small wall thickness.

By comparison, you will know what the concept is greater than 30Mpa.

Of course, not to mention 30Mpa, even a pipeline pressure of 70Mpa can be solved by human beings. It requires alloy materials and sufficient wall thickness, such as diamond oil drilling pump pipelines, which can withstand this pressure.

However, it requires resistance to high temperatures above 3,000 degrees Celsius, high pressure of tens of MPa, and repeated use. At present, human beings cannot solve this problem.

Therefore, it is very difficult! Extremely difficult!

Being able to make it is an innovation in materials.

Such materials cannot be found, and high-strength steel + high-temperature-resistant coating materials are generally used.

But even if such a coating material is developed, there is no metal 3D additive equipment to manufacture the engine combustion chamber and surfacing welding, and it cannot be done by conventional spraying.

Musk's SpeX company can't find such high-temperature-resistant and high-strength materials or high-temperature-resistant coating materials, and there is no high-end metal 3D additive equipment to manufacture combustion chambers, so they can only use gas with a lower combustion value as fuel.

As for Mu Yang, since he designed this full-flow staged combustion engine and chose hydrogen as the fuel, he has this certainty.

When he was designing an aero-engine, he developed a more high-temperature-resistant coating material. Of course, it was not the EBC coating material of Xinghai Group.

If Muyang's rocket engine can be developed, it will have a very exaggerated thrust ratio.

In this way, the same payload weight (satellite weight) does not require so much fuel and does not require such a large rocket.

Or rather, the same fire

Arrows, which can carry heavier payloads.

The engine of a rocket is different from an aircraft engine. To be precise, it is a "propeller". The thrust-to-weight ratio is very exaggerated. The thrust-to-weight ratio of the engine of the Falcon 9 rocket can reach 160:1, or even exceed 200:1. Two to three tons The thrust of the engine reaches 500-600 tons, which can vertically push the rocket of more than 500 tons. As the fuel becomes less and less, the weight of the rocket becomes smaller, the acceleration becomes larger, and the speed ratio becomes larger.

The rocket engine designed by Mu Yang ~www.readwn.com~ he named it "Xinghuo 1".

The theoretical thrust-to-weight ratio of Xinghuo-1 can be more than 500:1, and it may reach an even more exaggerated 800:1, or even 1000:1. Originally, the Falcon 9 required 500 tons of fuel, but with the Xinghuo 1 engine, the fuel can be reduced to one or two hundred tons.

The cost of fuel is not high. The price of a ton of ordinary liquid hydrogen is about 2,500 yuan, and the price of a ton of ordinary liquid oxygen is about 1,200 yuan. If it is used for rocket launch, the requirements will be very strict, requiring lower moisture content, and the cost will be much higher, hundreds of tons. Fuel costs are in the millions.

Of course, the significance is not in fuel costs.

With so much less fuel, the main body of the rocket will be much smaller, and a rocket engine with less thrust can be designed. Rockets can also be designed to burn longer and fly higher and farther.

If Huaguo's frozen wind missile uses the Xinghai Group's Xinghuo No. 1 engine, it will fly faster, can easily fly out of the atmosphere, and cannot be intercepted at all, and the medium range will become long-range.

Thinking of this, Mu Yang was solemnly silent.