Rebirth of Northern Technology

The capillary method has been in use since RCA invented the liquid crystal display. It has become the subconscious mind of the LCD industry, and has even been written in textbooks at this time.

But when it comes to large-size displays, its shortcomings are very obvious.

The length of the capillary adsorption process can be imagined. Take a 10-inch LCD as an example, its pressing and adsorption process takes as long as 28 hours!

And as the panel size increases, the capillary action needs to resist the greater gravity. Not to mention the longer it takes, the greater the failure rate.

This is also the fundamental reason why the Japanese do not believe that LCD monitors can exceed 17 inches!

Throughout the 1990s, it was this capillary technology developed from watch LCD that became a stumbling block for the development of LCD industry in all other countries!

This process requires too much precision for the front and back procedures and the skill of the operator.

The premise of capillary adsorption is that the spacing between the glass plates should be small enough, but too small will not work! The general process requirement is 3 to 5 microns, and the size of the display is 30 cm to 50 cm (the later generations will even develop to 3 meters).

In addition, the housing of the liquid crystal display is composed of two pieces of thin glass with a thickness of less than one millimeter, and the strength is very low.

With such a large area of ​​the cavity, such a thin glass shell, and maintaining such a small parallel spacing, the subtleties are beyond words!

Perhaps only the Japanese have the patience to optimize the process and operation steps a little bit, and finally master the know-how of this technology.

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But from the perspective of later generations, this is a crazy craft.

After the 5th generation, the capillary method was abandoned and switched to the drip irrigation method (OneDropFilling; ODF).

The drip irrigation method is the normal way of thinking. That is to add liquid crystal to the display first, and then close the liquid crystal display after adding it.

The advantages of the ODF method are extremely obvious. In addition to the yield, it effectively shortens the process time and reduces the loss of liquid crystal. In addition, it can also reduce the investment in equipment such as vacuum tempering process, liquid crystal injection machine, sealing machine, and panel cleaning after sealing.

This ODF method is Cheng Yongxing and Optoelectronics Research, who dare to use their own strength to fight against the advanced country of Japan and the killer of Japan's 17 enterprise alliances!

With technology from the beginning of the 21st century, dimensionality reduction was used to combat the Japan LCD Industry Alliance at the beginning of the 90th century!

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Of course, the liquid crystal display industry is different from the LED industry. Although its accuracy is not as high as that of the wafer industry, its complexity is not bad at all.

At this point in time, to enter this industry, optoelectronic research will also face various difficulties.

The first difficulty is the timing.

Entering the blue LED is a reference to the time node of the paper published by Heroes Nakamura, March 1991. According to this time backwards, the trilogy of optical fiber, MEMS, and blue LED was determined.

In the LCD industry, the pressure of time does not come from the discovery node of technology.

The emergence of the world's first 5-generation line was around 2002. Inferred from this time, plus the design and manufacturing of the production line, and the design and manufacturing of the equipment. At least 95 years ago, optoelectronic research was safe.

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Where is the time pressure for optoelectronic research?

There is another concept here, called the boom cycle of the LCD industry.

The boom cycle of the LCD industry is very fast, almost three years is a cycle.

The first boom period was between 1992 and 1993. Its appearance is driven by the support of color screens brought by laptops and Windows 3.1.

In September 1992, after the United States IBM completed the reorganization of its personal computer division, it launched an epoch-making product-IBM700C, which was the first model of the Thinkpad series.

The 700C received immediate attention as soon as it was launched. It was the first notebook computer to use a color TFT-LCD display. It uses DTI's 10.4-inch color LCD screen and is priced at $4,350.

This notebook became a hot product as soon as it was born, with orders for more than 100,000 units that year. Driven by it, some competitors have also launched products with TFT-LCD. Toshiba T4400SXC has a 9.5-inch display.

The first LCD boom cycle refers to this wave.

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But as more TFT-LCD production lines were put into production, the price of LCD panels quickly dropped in the competition. At this time, the production lines are all first-generation lines, and the cost is relatively high. By 1993, the selling price of LCD products was lower than the cost.

This is the first time in history that the economy has declined, and everyone is no longer making money. This wave of prosperity cycle went into a trough from the end of 1993 until it rose again in 1994.

In other words, if optoelectronic scientific research cannot industrialize liquid crystal displays before mid-92, it will miss this round of business cycle!

The LCD boom cycle for the first time in human history has a profound impact on future generations.

In fact, there are actually only three manufacturers that have caught up with this wave of business cycles. They are NEC, DTI, a joint venture between IBM and Toshiba, and Sharp.

The reason why Japan later had 9 companies and joined the LCD production army is because these three companies have made a lot of money in this wave of business cycles!

Everyone is jealous!

These are the only companies that can provide large-size (10-inch) LCD panels. Due to the limited production capacity and yield, panel prices remain high (the price of 10-inch panels, the ex-factory price exceeds one thousand US dollars), and the gross profit of the LCD industry And the reward is considerable.

If optoelectronics research can intercept most of the market profits in this wave of business cycles, these three players will be unprofitable or marginally profitable. Whether other Japanese manufacturers are willing to end is unknown!

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And once this wave of prosperity is missed, the enemies of optoelectronics will change from three to nine. And the technological level of competitors has also changed.

Because new players are not using the first-generation production line technology. The production lines that have been built since 1993 have successively adopted second-generation technology.

By the time the second economic cycle came, (until 1995) Japan had built a total of 21 TFT-LCD production lines!

At that time, Optoelectronics faced the already established wings and the army of the Japan LCD Industry Alliance.

Compared with the first generation, the basic concept of the second generation has not changed, but it has a higher yield rate (because of the special LCD equipment) and a larger display screen. One trades and the other grows, and the technological gap advantage of optoelectronic research will be reduced.

What's more terrifying is time, nights are long and dreamy.

ODF is not too difficult technology. On the contrary, it is a very simple technique!

Due to the exposure of technology, other players will soon use the power of capital to quickly copy and master this technology that is not difficult to master.

Can ODF technology be protected by patents like blue LEDs?

the answer is negative.

To put it bluntly, ODF is to drop the liquid crystal. How to apply for a patent for this thing? Even if it is possible to apply for some patents on process equipment, it is of no avail.

Optoelectronic scientific research, calculated from now, only has one year, at most one and a half years, to launch its own liquid crystal display.

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Of course, in addition to the pressure of time, there are other difficulties.

The second difficulty is the industrial chain.

The industrial chain of LCD production is much longer than that of LEDs. Glass substrates, liquid crystal materials, polarizers, backlights, light guide plates, and diffuser plates, all of which must be started from scratch.

...

The third difficulty is production equipment.

In the LED industry chain, fixtures can be used, and people will conquer the sky. What about LCD?

In some key equipment, the United States is in a de facto monopoly position. This kind of equipment (for LCD) is currently not available in the world. Even if it was developed, it is also the life of the embargo on China.

Why did China only import the first-generation cable until the end of the 20th century?

Was the decision maker really dumb at the time?

And one failed, and then the second one was introduced? Pay the tuition until the foreigner is satisfied?

...

The fourth is financial support.

The South Korean government supports LG and Samsung for ten years!

They have successively formulated a series of plans, the "Next-Generation Flat Display Plan" and the "LCD Basic Technology Development Plan" to accelerate the development of the Korean LCD industry.

In order to reduce the pressure on domestic enterprises, the South Korean government has introduced a series of supporting policies such as tax reductions and R&D subsidies to help enterprises grow rapidly. The cumulative investment in more than 10 years has exceeded 100 billion won.

In order to promote the localization of equipment and parts, the Korean government actively promotes upstream and downstream cooperation in the industrial chain, investing 3 billion won each year. The government’s firm support has also contributed to the success of the Korean LCD industry.

There is no rich government support behind optoelectronic research. Everything depends on yourself.

The liquid crystal display production line has always been a gold swallowing beast. In the 10th generation line, the investment in a production line was as high as 4.2 billion US dollars!

The investment for the first-generation production line is not so high, but the $100 million level is always required. What should I do if I don’t have enough money?

...

The fifth, international support, and the international market.

The Koreans went to grab the Japanese market, and the Americans supported it!

Some articles always say that due to the Asian financial crisis, Samsung is controlled by American capital. But if it is not controlled by US capital, is it possible for Samsung to develop?

Samsung is the case, TSMC, in fact, the same is true!

What about China?

The "Wassenaar Agreement" was formulated in 1996! (The agreement has been revised several times, and it is now a guiding document for the West to impose a technical blockade on China.)

There is no market for LCD monitors in China.

Notebook brand?

where?

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