Rewrite the Technological Landscape

　　 At one o'clock in the afternoon of February 25th, Meng Qian patiently waited in a teahouse box at the entrance of Yanmen. At 1.05 am, three men knocked on the box door.

　　The person walking in the forefront is Fang Chen. The two people who followed him looked like they were fifty or sixty, with faint white hair on both temples.

　　 "Mr. Meng." Fang Chen said hello after entering the door and turned sideways to introduce him, "These two are Mr. Liang Zhiguo and Mr. Zhu Weijun, the two, this is the legendary boss of Dafeng Technology Innovation, Meng Qian."

　　 "Uncle Fang made fun of me again." Meng Qian stepped forward and shook hands with the two of them. "Sit down and talk with them."

　　 After everyone sat down, Meng Qian poured tea for the three of them first, and then added some tea to his own cups. "The time of both of you is precious, so am I right?"

　　 "President Meng, please speak." Liang Zhiguo smiled and nodded.

"Uncle Fang should have told both about my future vision. I won't repeat it. There are two main things to find two people today. The first thing is, I want to learn from these two professionals. The true history and recent status of the development of China's lithography machine."

　　 Liang Zhiguo and Zhu Weijun looked at each other. Both of them came from the 45th Huadian Branch, the place where China’s first step-by-step lithography machine was produced.

　　 Still from Liang Zhiguo, "Meng Meng's question is quite difficult to answer. Because of the particularity of the lithography machine industry, no one in China can fully objectively judge its history and current situation."

　　 "Then stand from Mr. Liang's point of view and describe it subjectively."

Liang Zhiguo took a breath and thought about it for a few seconds. "Then I will try to be as objective as possible. The development of our China lithography machine and the development of the entire semiconductor industry can be seen together. In 58 years, we have the first silicon single crystal. Neon was two years earlier. In 1965 we had the first integrated circuit, and our first contact lithography machine, GK-3 lithography machine, was produced in 1977.

After GK-3 is GK-4, but they are all contact lithography machines. Until 1981, we had the JK-1 semi-automatic proximity lithography machine. In 1982, the 109 Factory of the Academy of Sciences developed the KHA-75- 1 Lithography machine, and then in 1985, the step lithography machine of our 45 Institute, this is also China's first step projection lithography machine, I still remember the 436 nanometer G line light source was used at that time. "

Liang Zhiguo paused, with complex emotions across his face, "It can be said that from 1977 to 1985, when our entire semiconductor and lithography machines were moving faster, we have been shortening the distance with the United States. 79 When the 8080 was imitated in 2009, even Germany could not do it."

　　 "What about in 85 years?" Seeing Liang Zhiguo paused again, Meng Qian asked actively.

　　 "After 85 years, the gap that had just been caught up has begun to be widened again."

　　 "Why?"

　　"There are our own internal and external causes here. The external cause is the neon country that suddenly emerged at that time.

To be honest, we were able to continuously shorten the gap with the United States at that time, and it was indeed because the United States itself had a slow breakthrough speed, but when we regarded the United States as a competitor, the Neon nation began to dedicate its efforts to the country in 1976. The development of the semiconductor industry.

　　Almost 1985, the neon country became the new overlord of the semiconductor industry.

As a result, a semiconductor industry war between the United States and the Neon Nation began. The trade war triggered by this war is well known to the world, but many people may not know that the Neon Nation forced the U.S. government to come forward and demand the development of the U.S. Enterprise Alliance. Semiconductors, but everyone did not buy it at the beginning, and later it was the alliance led by Moore.

　　 In other words, in order to fight against the neon country, the United States has poured its national strength in the technology industry at that time.

Since then, the semiconductor industry has accelerated its original pace in competition. In this melee, Korea sold a lot of neon countries, and at the same time, the country took the opportunity to develop its own semiconductor industry, but we did not What substantive action was made in this melee.

　　 This has to mention the internal cause, Meng should know what happened in 1978. "

　　 After being asked, Meng Qian thought for a while, and said unsure, "Reform and opening up?"

"That's right." Liang Zhiguo nodded, "When we were experiencing great changes in the semiconductor industry outside, we were going through the great changes of reform and opening up. We were really poor at that time, so we proposed reform and opening up, proposed the core of modernization, and proposed to improve everyone's Standard of living.

　　 So while the other three countries are all trying their best to develop semiconductors, we are all trying to do economic development.

　　 The gap in the entire industry is naturally widened.

This is the first and second. After the reform and opening up, we are in line with the international standards. At that time, we had the option of buying many products. Before we had to make a thing, we did not have the concept of importing, we just made it ourselves, no matter how difficult it is Also have to be made.

But now, we can import, and many people choose to import, especially for entrepreneurs. They are not like employees of research institutes. They rarely go back to consider long-term development or consider future restrictions. What they consider as a business is How to make money, for them, to make is to burn money to make, to buy is to buy to make money, and this is how the idea that making is worse than buying.

And this has also caused another obvious defect in our national semiconductor industry. We have almost no private companies doing this, but semiconductor itself is a commercial product, it is not a weapon, it is not a national monopoly product, in the United States, in Ni Hongguo, semiconductor companies are all private companies, but in China, there are almost zero private companies doing semiconductors.

　　 Especially with the backwardness of our semiconductor industry, less and less private companies dare to enter this industry, because this industry means endless money burning. A vicious circle has slowly formed.

Meng Qian lowered his head and took a sigh of relief with his nose. At this moment, the most true emotion in his heart was helpless. At the time of reform and opening up, it was indeed when China was very poor, but the neon country was provoked at that time. If the first revolution in the semiconductor industry is ten years later, maybe there will be some differences?

　　Meng Qian doesn’t know, but history is history. Without if, no one can do anything about it. “So our lithography machine industry and even the semiconductor industry are at least ten years behind others?”

"That's not accurate. UU reading www.uukanshu.com" Liang Zhiguo said, "Despite these problems, China's entire semiconductor industry has been developing, but it is difficult to make breakthroughs in the current situation, because After that melee, the semiconductor industry has taken a step higher, but although we have not had any private companies in these years, we still have not given up on this industry and we have been catching up."

　　 "Mr. Liang, what is our current level of lithography machine? How much worse is it compared with the United States and the neon country?"

"If you talk about the field of lithography machines alone, it is really difficult to quantify the difference. If you simply compare the realization time of a certain resolution horizontally, then we may be behind by about ten years, but you still have to Taking into account the external development speed and internal development speed of the lithography machine.

　　 Generally speaking, the lithography machine market is divided into high-end, mid-end and low-end. China's current level is probably between mid-end and mid-end.

We can’t make the high-end lithography machines made by the old Nikon and the up-and-coming ASM. This involves issues such as craftsmanship and design, but why I emphasize that the gap is not easy to quantify, because of the past few years. The entire industry of lithography machines encountered a very serious problem.

　　Everyone is now trapped in this problem, causing the contradictions in the development of this industry to be shifted. "

　　 "What's the problem?" Meng Qian asked subconsciously.

"How to shorten the 193nm wavelength of the lithography light source to 157nm." Liang Zhiguo said lightly.

　　 However, Meng Qian's heart is restless at the moment.

　　 "That's it! It seems that there is nothing wrong with the memory of the previous life!"

　　Meng Qian got the information he wanted most from Liang Zhiguo...