Road to science and technology

"Lieyang's stellar drive technology." Yue Yuanzhou sat alone on the sofa and looked at it while tasting wine.

Yes, he is alone. Ah Zhui has not appeared for a long time. In fact, Yue Yuanzhou knows what she is doing. This little angel is immersed in the ocean of knowledge day by day. Now he should have seen the science of Cybertron. Technology.

Yue Yuanzhou didn't bother her after knowing this situation, so now he had to watch Lieyang Technology alone.

Now that he has transmitted the planet back to the orbit of Proxima Centauri through a large space bridge, he has a purpose for returning here. One is to continue to observe the civilization that is still in the Stone Age here, and the other is to digest the blazing sun here. Stellar drive technology and space-time shield technology.

Originally, Yue Yuanzhou wanted to go to the Angel Nebula, but what was embarrassing was that the Angel Nebula was 2.5 billion light-years away from here. It was so far away that he didn't even know when he got there.

In fact, Yue Yuanzhou had previously given a quantum entanglement communicator to the Twilight of the Gods. Theoretically, he could tell the angels about the large-scale space bridge technology and then build one in the Angel Nebula and then transmit it from here.

It's just that this idea is too taken for granted, because in fact, even Yue Yuanzhou's large space bridge cannot span such a long distance at once, and he does not want to reveal this technology, after all, it involves super energy.

Moreover, Yue Yuanzhou is not so interested in the space-time shield now, because he has learned its working principle from Tianrenqi who is still on the earth. It turns out that the space-time shield is not that magical, it is just a method of folding time and space. To put it simply, it twists the time and space around itself into a space similar to a Klein bottle, and then causes all attacks to circulate infinitely in this bottle.

As for the original energy-absorbing feature, it is gone, because it involves the dark plane void technology, which transfers energy to the void to store and then convert it for use. Now that the dark plane is gone, this function is gone.

Therefore, Yue Yuanzhou, who has traveled far in time, space and space, believes that using this technology as a defensive method is not as good as directly using space splitting technology to cut a few shady curtains in front of him.

But it is not without some gains. At least it has illuminated the technology of time and space folding that Yue Yuanzhou has not illuminated. Yue Yuanzhou also has some ideas about the use of this technology. This should be the basic technology of time and space jump.

Space-time jump is actually a very advanced technology, because this technology can also be called star leapfrog. To achieve space-time jump, it takes a huge amount of energy just to twist and fold the space-time in the universe, so let the spacecraft itself provide the energy. It is simply unrealistic, so stellar-related technologies must be available.

Space-time jumps are different from large-scale space bridges. Large-scale space bridges must establish star gates at both ends, while space-time jumps only need to be at this location to jump to the next location, but this requires enough energy to distort and fold space-time.

Of course, this technology still needs further exploration, because Yue Yuanzhou has only mastered its basic technology now, which also involves the rapid absorption of stellar energy and destination positioning.

The location of the destination has not yet been determined, but the method of rapid utilization of stellar energy is available.

Unlike Yue Yuanzhou's Purple Haze Dyson Sphere, which passively absorbs solar energy, this is a technology that actively allows stars to release large amounts of energy and directly utilize it.

This technology is based on a very in-depth understanding of stellar evolution, which is the process from star formation to star death in the universe.

So, how are stars in the universe formed? In fact, each star comes from a large molecular cloud in the universe. This molecular cloud gathers under the action of gravity to form a so-called open star cluster.

Most of the gravitational effect here comes from the presence of dark matter at this location. If you are lucky, the gathered open star clusters will slowly form a huge vortex, and the matter in the center of the vortex will accumulate more and more with accretion. The more they gather, the greater the gravitational force, and then they can attract objects from farther away.

Slowly, the center of the vortex sucks in most of the matter. As more and more matter accumulates, when it reaches a critical value, nuclear fusion in the core breaks out, and a star is born.

But if the star is less than 0.08 times the mass of the sun, it will form a brown dwarf, and if it is greater than 8 times the mass of the sun, it will form a massive star.

Massive stars have very short lifespans. Soon they will form a red supergiant, and then a supernova explosion will occur. The material thrown out will enter the next cycle, and the remaining core will either form a neutron star or a black hole.

If the remaining core mass exceeds the Oppenheimer limit, a black hole will be formed, otherwise it will be a neutron star. Of course, according to Lieyang, this should be called the Lieyang limit.

Only low-mass stars with moderate mass can form red dwarfs and yellow dwarfs with relatively long lifespans. Stars like the sun are yellow dwarfs and can live for about one billion years. The Proxima Centauri star in front of Yue Yuanzhou is a red dwarf. This kind of star The lifespan is very long, and it is estimated that it can last for hundreds of billions or even trillions of years.

Therefore, basically no civilization has ever seen red dwarfs evolve to the end, because their lifespan is too long, and the universe is only 13.8 billion years old, so now all red dwarfs in the entire universe are still young and strong.

Even Lieyang, a civilization that is proficient in stellar technology, only infers based on theory that the next stage of a red dwarf star may be a white dwarf star or run out of fuel and become a brown dwarf star and finally burn out and become a completely dead black dwarf star. Therefore, stellar drive technology is mainly studied. Or massive stars and yellow dwarfs.

If the mass of a yellow dwarf exceeds 1.44 times the mass of the sun, it will also explode as a supernova and enter the next cycle.

Only stars about the same size as the sun shed material, leaving behind a white dwarf core.

Take a moderately massive star like the Sun, for example. It currently relies on the fusion of hydrogen into helium to generate heat and light. When the hydrogen inside it is almost exhausted, it is declared to be about to die.

However, although the hydrogen inside it has been consumed at this time, there is still some hydrogen in its outermost layer. This outer layer wrapped in hydrogen accelerates fusion due to the rise in temperature, and the heat generated also continues to increase. The increase in heat means The brightness is also increasing. And the fusion energy is slowly conducted to the outer layer, causing the star to expand outward. At this time, the yellow dwarf star becomes a red giant.

Stars in the red giant stage are already extremely unstable, so their cores will collapse, which will cause the temperature of their cores to continue to rise. At this time, the helium in their cores is already in an electron degenerate state, which means that between the interior of the matter The electromagnetic force is no longer enough to counteract the gravity generated by the core, and the helium atoms at this time have been compressed to the limit.

From now on, the red giant will enter the next stage, because the core temperature at this time has reached 100 million degrees Celsius, so helium nuclear fusion occurs, and then the helium element is further fused into carbon element.

Since helium is already in an electron degenerate state at this time, the pressure does not increase as the nuclear reaction temperature increases. This is equivalent to saying that helium nuclear fusion has no constraints, so helium flash will occur.

Helium flash can instantly release huge energy, thereby releasing the degenerate state of electrons in the core, and then the star will enter a stable helium nuclear fusion state for a period of time. As the helium decreases step by step, there will be more and more carbon in the core, and then It will once again enter the stage of core contraction and outer layer expansion. After repeating this several times, the red giant can't stand it anymore, and finally throws out all the matter except the core through an explosion, leaving only a white dwarf.

The core of Lieyang's stellar drive technology is the drive! This drive does not drive the star around, but drives the internal activities of the star to speed up the process, allowing the star to burst out in a short period of time the energy that it originally took dozens or even tens of billions of years to release. This is The core of stellar drive technology.

This is why they can make supermassive stars explode as supernovae.

Of course, there is also the accompanying technology of rapidly absorbing stellar energy. This energy absorption technology, together with its accelerated stellar evolution technology, is the star driving technology of the blazing sun.