The diameter of the two main pipes wrapped with electromagnetic coils in the huge Immortal World Particle Collider is more than 30 feet in diameter. In addition, the outer energy supply pipelines, maintenance channels, structural devices and dark protective plates are even more impressive. It is as huge as a hundred feet.

The electromagnet made of Spiritual Qi material is used as the magnetic field source to bind the proton; the superconducting coil generates a strong accelerating electric field, which is used to make the speed of the proton extremely close to the speed of light.

Ultimately, protons can be accelerated to an energy level that exceeds that of Universe's high-energy rays.

The proton beam is accelerated to 99.999999 percent of the speed of light on its first orbital turn.

And it will continue to approach the speed of light in the next acceleration until it reaches the power limit of the particle collider.

Three-year-olds know that the collision of high-speed particles in a particle collider does not actually smash particles apart, but creates an environment with extremely high energy density.

According to Einstein's special theory of relativity, the faster an object is, the greater its mass will be, and it will only show obvious changes when the speed is close to the speed of light, and the mass will increase sharply, so the kinetic energy it has is also great.

In the process of particle collision, a huge amount of energy is released.

Due to the existence of superimposed multiple quantum fields in the universe, there will always be the production and annihilation of various elementary particle virtual particle pairs.

When a virtual particle pair is generated, it will borrow energy from the quantum field. Due to the existence of borrowed energy, these particles will be "debted" and instantly annihilated, and the energy will be returned. The virtual particle pair is fleeting and cannot appear in the macroscopic world.

What happens when high-energy particles collide in a particle collider is actually to provide the energy released to these virtual particle pairs.

Helping virtual particles to pay off their debts, these virtual particles are free to nature, become real matter, gain part of energy, and become new particles that escape, that is, the result of collision.

Whatever the magnitude of the released energy is, it can repay the part of the energy borrowed from the quantum field for particles of that magnitude.

The energy of electrons is 0.511 MeV, the mass of the top quark, the universal elementary particle that constitutes matter, is 2.2 MeV, and the energy of the top quark of the third generation of fermions even reaches a terrifying 173.1 GeV, and so on.

According to the known standard model of elementary particles, the material world is composed of twelve kinds of elementary particles, namely fermions including quarks and electrons; there are also four kinds of gauge bosons, namely bosons such as photons and gluons; And the most mysterious Higgs boson.

Of course, counting the different types of each elementary particle, there are sixty-two kinds of elementary particles in total.

The first purpose of this experiment is to test the performance of the collider, and the second is to verify the existing standard model of elementary particles. One thousandth of the power is enough.

The countdown continued, and the number of moles of protons moved in the opposite direction in the tube, approaching the speed of light infinitely under the action of the accelerating electric field, and their energy gradually increased.

In the process of acceleration, some protons will be exported first and enter the collision chamber to complete the low-energy collision.

At this time, the collider is very quiet from the perspective of the outside world, but the most intense physical process in the universe is happening inside it.

High-energy protons release all their energy at the moment of collision, causing various elementary particles to explode like fireworks.

But to be more accurate, it should be the splash that exploded on the surface of the quantum field! Flying water droplets are all kinds of particles.

Among them are not only elementary particles, but also various composite particles assembled by elementary particles like building blocks. Due to their unstable existence, they will soon decay or annihilate and disappear.

However, the detection instruments around the collision chamber are sufficient to complete the measurement of their properties during their short life course, mainly in terms of mass, spin and charge.

The most important detection instrument is the Nianli cloud chamber. In addition to the stable parallel magnetic field, it is also filled with a gaseous crystal, which is a special form of xenon.

The high-precision mind force field generated by the mind chip will fix each xenon atom in the xenon gas within a very small range, and the Braun movement will be suppressed to form a lattice structure.

Each thought force nano unit corresponds to a xenon atom.

When high-energy particles pass through the electron cloud of xenon atoms, they will briefly ionize the xenon atoms, resulting in small fluctuations in the electromagnetic force. Since the mind force generated by Spiritual Qi is actually an electromagnetic force, the disturbance of the electromagnetic force can be fed back to the mind chip. , we can know that there are high-energy particles passing by.

In this way, the movement path of high-energy particles in space can be detected, and then the properties of particles such as mass and charge can be calculated.

Since the input proton beams are continuous, even if the collision probability of two proton beams traveling towards each other is extremely small, trillions of collisions will occur every second.

The number of particles that end up being detected is also high.

Soon, the data processed by the master brain was displayed in the hologram in front of Su Yun's eyes, which perfectly matched the standard model of elementary particles.

As the collision energy level increases, higher-mass elementary particles begin to appear, making the "fireworks" more colorful.

Eventually, all seventeen elementary particles in the fundamental model were directly or indirectly measured.

Increasing the energy level will only increase the number of these elementary particles.

Seeing that there was no new progress in increasing the energy, Murong Sui frowned, looked at Su Yun and said, "Sect Leader, has fundamental physics come to an end? Are there no smaller elementary particles?"

Su Yun just shook his head, "I don't know either."

"Further down from elementary particles, there are many theories, one is high-dimensional theory, the other is superstring theory, and the third is bit theory."

"The first theory is that the inside of the elementary particle is actually a high-dimensional space that is curled up, and the internal space can be expanded, just like a crumpled piece of paper. When you hold it together, it becomes a particle, and when you spread it out, it becomes a space."

"The second is that the elementary particles are actually vibrating strings, and different particles are just because the vibration modes of the strings are different."

"As for the third, it is based on the hypothesis that our world is virtual, just like the binary code in a computer. Different elementary particles have different byte codes, which are essentially the difference between zero and one."

"Then Sect Leader, which possibility do you think it is?" Murong Sui asked curiously.

Su Yun smiled slightly, "It may be one of the above three, or it may be some other theory, just try it."

"There is only one plan now, work hard to create miracles!"

Murong Sui giggled, "You're still so reckless!"

"Reckless?" Su Yun asked in surprise.

"The person who has the fate of cultivating the Immortal World dares to throw away all his reliance and go on an adventure alone, isn't he reckless?" Murong Sui stared at Su Yun with wide eyes, and said in a questioning tone.

Then he joked, "It's a good thing you met me, otherwise you might have met some bad guy!"

Su Yun had dark lines on her face, but luckily she met Murong Sui back then, otherwise her genius might have been buried.

Then, the experiment continued, but the collision energy level continued to increase linearly, which was a long and delicate process.

The time seemed to be fake, and three years passed like this.

Now the working power of the particle collider is close to the maximum value, which can allow protons to obtain energy of hundreds of thousands of teraelectron volts. But even so, no more basic unit of matter was found.

Many composite particles made up of various elementary particles have been discovered.

And through the particle collider, Su Yun also has an unexpected harvest!

By studying the interaction between protons moving at high speed, he found that when the speed of matter approaches the speed of light, there is a crack between the mass of matter and the gravitational force.

That is, no longer obey the law of universal gravitation!

According to Lord Niu's law of universal gravitation, the greater the mass of an object, the greater the gravitational force generated.

The mass of high-energy particles moving near the speed of light is huge, and the gravitational effect between high-energy particles is no longer negligible, but the actual gravitational effect is still extremely weak, and has not had any impact on high-energy particles.

This can only show that the gravitational force is not only related to mass, but also has a special mechanism to determine the gravitational force!

It is well known that the mass of matter comes from two parts.

One is its energy.

For example, most of the mass of the proton comes from the binding energy of the three quarks in the proton, and the mass of the three quarks only accounts for one eighty-sixth of the mass of the proton.

The second is the mass obtained by the interaction between the matter and the Higgs boson, that is, the rest mass of the matter, which is one eighty-sixth of the mass of the proton.

The static mass of photon is zero, but photon has energy, and its dynamic mass is not zero, so it will also produce gravitational effect.

If the gravitational constant is indeed a constant, then changes in mass must lead to changes in gravity.

Unless the factors that determine mass also determine the magnitude of gravity!

That is to say, when the speed of matter is close to the speed of light, the mass of static mass and dynamic mass tends to infinity, and the coefficient that determines the magnitude of gravitation tends to zero.

But for macroscopic objects, it is impossible to be so close to the speed of light, that is to say, this effect will only be evident at the microscopic level.

In this way, the so-called "Higgs field" has to be introduced.

The Higgs field exists in the vacuum, because the quantum fluctuations will constantly appear virtual Higgs boson pairs, hereinafter referred to as "Higgs".

These Xuxizi pairs will annihilate and disappear in a very short time.

However, if there is matter, Xuxizi will interact with matter and provide quality to matter. At the same time, this process will attract Xuxizi; similarly, energy will also attract Xuxizi.

And Xu Xizi will have a tendency to annihilate each other with Xu Fanxizi, so there will naturally be an attraction that makes them annihilate.

This phenomenon also exists between different virtual pairs, and the virtual pairs will have the same effect as the antivirals in other pairs.

Due to the existence of matter, the spontaneous symmetry of the hypochonium pair is broken, causing the trend of attraction to continue to extend through countless hypochonne pairs.

In this way, the gravitational force spreads along the Higgs field!

The analogy of the image, the Higgs field is a water surface, the matter is a small boat, and the energy is the water wave raised by a gust of wind. Whether the boat is driving on the water surface or the wave is propagating along the water surface, it will cause the water surface to fluctuate, which is just the form of action no the same.

This fluctuation of the water surface will travel at a fixed speed, which is the speed of light.

This fluctuation is gravity.

The magnitude of gravity is the amplitude of this fluctuation, and the energy of this fluctuation is the gravitational potential energy.

When a boat travels on the water surface, there will be resistance, and the faster the speed, the greater the resistance.

This resistance is the mass of matter.

The fixed speed of water surface fluctuations is the speed of light. When the speed of the boat reaches the speed of light, it will catch up with the fluctuations, but this is impossible. Just like the sound barrier, when the speed is close to the speed of sound, a sound barrier will be produced. Barriers - "light barriers", it is impossible to breakthrough.

And energy, or a wave of water, can travel on the water surface at the speed of light without mass.

This is why the speed of a particle with zero mass is the speed of light.

Another manifestation of wave-particle duality.

But the ubiquitous substances all have dynamic mass and static mass at the same time, which is between the two situations.

However, in a particle collider, high-energy particles close to the speed of light obtain dynamic mass. The disturbance of this "wave" to "wave" will not cause too much change in the amplitude of the water surface fluctuations, but only when the wave speed remains constant An increase in the frequency of the wave results in an increase in the gravitational potential energy in the Higgs field.

So the gravitational force remains the same, but the gravitational potential energy has increased.

Above, the Higgs boson not only provides static mass for particles, but also is the medium of gravitation, which is the "graviton" in the theoretical prediction.

And the so-called gravitational field is the macroscopic manifestation of the Higgs field.

Undoubtedly, this is a breakthrough achievement!

But this achievement has no effect on resolving the crisis facing Immortal World.

Because it's pretty much trying to figure out the Higgs boson, let alone master how to use it.

After three years of hard work, but no progress, Su Yun inevitably felt a little depressed, "Xiaoxiao, let's adjust the power of the particle collider to the upper limit!"

"Received!" Su Xiaoxiao still replied energetically.

And Murong Sui also followed Su Yun with a sad face, "Sect Leader, has physics really come to an end? Even with such a powerful particle collider, the results obtained cannot escape the existing framework."

"Keep trying!" Su Yun's tone was firm, but after a while, his brows frowned, and he still asked worriedly: "Xiao Xiao, how is the space fleet plan and the virtual repair Immortal World plan going?"

"Seventy percent of the construction of the space fleet has been completed. Among them, there are 1,851 ships capable of interstellar voyages, and each ship has a rated personnel of 10,000."

"The progress of the virtual Immortal World repair plan is not as good as expected. With the current number of soul crystals, it can only hold the souls of half of the residents of Immortal World repair."

Su Yun's expression faltered, "Go ahead, make preparations for launching the two plans at the same time, allow enough window period, and formulate the plan for the personnel list yourself."

"Okay!" Su Xiaoxiao readily agreed, but then said in a gentle and caring tone, "Su Yun, don't be discouraged, you are already very good at saving half of the people who repair Immortal World!"

"Thank you!" Su Yun smiled warmly.

Afterwards, he looked into Murong Sui's eyes, and his expression appraised, "Let's prepare for the highest power collision experiment right away."

"Well, good! Sect Leader, we can do it." Murong Sui pursed his lips and said with some emotion, his eyes seemed to be shining.

Soon, all members of the research team were in working condition, ready to meet the highest energy level impact experiment.

The particle collider is activated, no protons will be exported in the middle, and all protons will go straight to the highest energy level.

The proton beam is accelerated round and round in the collider, increasing in energy.

A quarter of an hour... an hour... two hours...

Time was ticking, and the protons hadn't reached the highest energy level the collider was designed for.

So another half day passed.

Just suddenly, all the Universe high-energy particle warning devices on the collider sounded!

This is an early warning system developed to prevent the interference of high-energy particles produced by solar storms or other universe rays on the experiment.

But there is no solar storm at this time, and the source of the early-warning Universe high-energy particles points to the particle collider itself!

"It's coming." Su Yun was a little nervous, and said in a dazed tone, "It's the limit."

The limit of the "cosmic circle" is that the energy provided by the accelerating electric field and the energy lost by the particles in space reach a balance.

The loss of energy is due to the fact that the energy density of the proton beam has reached an extremely frightening level. When the proton beam hits the virtual particle pairs that appear in the fluctuations in the quantum field of space, this part of the energy can already be provided to the virtual particle pairs to generate new particles. .

At this moment, the energy of the high-energy proton beam does not increase any more.

Because along the way, a large number of particles are being produced, which means that high-energy events of the "particle collision" level are happening at any time!

Wherever the proton beam goes, countless particles are born.

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