Three Kingdoms.

  Chapter 1690 Ji Wen

  The original market place in the Han Dynasty, or the relevant commercial regulations in the Han Dynasty, were very superficial and simple. Just like in the beginning of Pingyang, there was no all-weather market. At first, like many cities in Dahan, the market was only open for two hours a day. Later, it was changed to three markets, namely morning market, evening market and big market.

Big merchants are basically in the morning market, that is, the morning market. Because transportation is not as convenient as later generations, many big transactions hope to be able to trade early and leave early, so as not to delay the whole night, so basically the bigger the merchant, the better. It's hard work to get up early. It's not like some TV series where everyone wakes up when the sun goes down.

The evening markets are generally small vendors in the surrounding area, because they need to go to the surrounding area to collect supplies in the morning, and then start selling in the evening. Most of them have no fixed stores and can only set up stalls on the street, or carry goods The burden is sold along the street.

As for the big market, it is in the middle of the day, that is, at noon. The surrounding farmers or small handicraftsmen are driven from their homes to the cities and towns early in the morning. It is almost noon, and then sell some of their own goods. Produce vegetables, fruits, and some handicrafts, and then either rush home before the sun goes down, or buy some necessities on the evening market to go back...

  The market was basically like this throughout the Han Dynasty, and it was naturally the same in Pingyang at the beginning.

However, with the convenience of roads and the gathering of vendors, the original morning market time may not be enough, and the time is getting longer and longer, and finally even all night long, and there are sales 24 hours a day, so a large amount of goods The merchants in the city were all relocated outside the inner city, forming two big markets in the east and west, and because of the living needs of the people in the two big markets in the east and west, many small vendors in the original evening market also began to extend their service hours, from daytime to late night, There are also shops and restaurants open.…

  Where there is demand, there will naturally be business.

It's like the planned economy in later generations, which led to the fact that many state-owned restaurants, hotels and restaurants have only two or three hours of business in a day. In the rest of the time, even if someone wants to eat, sorry, there is nothing, the fire is not lit, and the food is not served. Washing, the rice is not steamed, and the customer must either wait or let the customer go. This situation also occurs in some so-called advanced European countries. Don't even think about eating hot food when the time comes...

There are needs, requirements, regulations, and rules, so that the business can develop stably. Therefore, the business regulations implemented by Fiji in Pingyang are very cumbersome and complicated, which makes many traders not very comfortable with it, and often forgets some of them. Lost, for example, the business scope of a vendor is determined at the beginning of registration, and vendors are not allowed to change their business scope without authorization.

Selling "Shuowen Jiezi Xinzhu" in grocery stores naturally exceeded the original business scope of the vendors, so under the large-scale inspection, many vendors were also arrested, not only had to pay a large sum of money There are also a large number of manuscripts and reprinted copies of "Shuowen Jiezi Xinzhu" collected, and then sold at different prices to students who need these books.

  Ma Jun naturally snatched a set of horse clothes, and carefully carried them to his temporary residence, as if holding a treasure, very happy.

  On the way, I still saw some inspectors escorting some vendors who violated the rules to the Yamen for processing. At the same time, some people were preaching on the roadside, telling the laws and regulations, and telling the people.

   "Xun Lingjun has something to tell the people and merchants..."

  Because the edicts are basically addressed to the majority of folk sects, the text is very easy to understand, but the content is not simple, because here a term that never existed in the Han Dynasty is proposed: "piracy"!

  Who would have thought that Fei Qian had stipulated the business scope of the store at the beginning just to wait for this moment? I'm afraid that even if someone knows, they will still fall into the pit. The new commercial law stipulates that all shops have a business scope, and books can only be sold by bookstores, and shops through other channels, whether individuals, who sell books, will be punished as "piracy" crimes, and according to the crime of selling books. Depending on the size of the situation, a corresponding penalty will be imposed.

With such a fresh term, naturally some nobles and poor students gathered together to discuss it, and some dared to ask questions directly and loudly. Explain that those who copy books personally or give them as gifts, as long as they are not used to obtain benefits, they can not be included in the crime of "piracy".

"How can we 'not profit from it'?" Someone asked loudly, "If a certain family hires people to copy books and pays the copyists, are these copyists also 'profit'? To be punished?"

The official who publicized the edict looked at the detailed rules in his hand, and replied with a smile: "The main crime of this crime is the book! Those who copy books to get paid are not guilty. Copying thousands of books at home is also a crime." Not guilty. But if you use this to make money, it is a crime! So you understand?"

   "Oh... there is some truth to this..."

Just like in later generations, there are several terabytes of hard drives in the family. As long as they don’t spread or spread, the police will not touch them along the network cable. …

   Ma Fu and Ma Jun were discussing this matter as they walked towards the residence. Ma Fu said that this move is very good, "it is free of exotic goods and can be lived in. It can be said to be good governance."

   Ma Jun frowned, pondered for a long time, then suddenly shook his head and sighed: "I'm afraid... I'm afraid it's not a good government, but it's really... an evil government!"

Ma Fu glared at Ma Jun, and said, "What is evil government?" Then he held up the "Shuowen Jiezi New Notes" in his arms, and continued, "If there is no such kind deed, how can you and I get this? Book?" Don't you, Ma Jun, know how expensive "Shuowen Jiezi Xinzhu" sold before? If not, where are there affordable books to buy? How can this be called bad governance?

Ma Jun stammered habitually, and said in a stuttering way: "Don't forget about Yantie... Yantie's administration... Hussar's move, no... It's just a plan... It's taxing and lucrative... However, it is feasible here, and there is another place." How? If... If... Isn't it just fishing in a dry marsh?"

Ma Fu was stunned for a moment, shook his head, and said: "Not necessarily, under Huqi, the price of the bookstore is still acceptable. If others use it to make a profit... this...Huqi's move is also natural..." Now the bookstore in Pingyang It is directly under the General Hussars, so it is natural to pay attention to the interests of the Generals Hussars, is there any problem with this? It's like the orchard at home has grown some fruits. The orchard owner not only doesn't want to stop the thieves, but also claims that there are too many thieves and can't stop them. Anyway, the loss is the fruit trees. And in this way, more people will know that this orchard is good, and it can also have a good publicity effect...

   "Farmers, eat... eat their fields, workers, workers, eat, eat their skills..." Ma Jun shook his head and said, "Business food, food, food, food, officials food, food, food..."

   "Officials eat their salaries..." Ma Fu interjected, "I also know this, but the problem is that if there is no business and no officials, how can you and I get the clothes and books in our hands?"

  Ma Jun just shook his head. He felt that this matter, just like Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty's promotion of salt and iron monopoly, was quite flawed and not completely good governance.

Back then, when facing the politics and business of salt and iron, it was also a debate. The Sang Hongyang faction who supported the policy and the virtuous literary faction who opposed the policy started a verbal battle. Until now, when discussing the pros and cons of these policies during Emperor Wu, the children of the gentry They still insisted on their own opinions and debated endlessly just like at the Salt and Iron Conference at that time.

At the Yantie Conference, Sang Hongyang believed that Yantie’s government-operated, leveling standards, equal losses, and wine-discussion systems were all beneficial to the country and the people, increasing the country’s income and restraining the expansion of local forces; Xianliang Literature believed that these policies were in the Competing with the people for profit, the fundamental way to enrich the country is to strengthen agricultural production.

It should be said that Emperor Wu’s policies were very effective in a short period of time, accumulating a large amount of wealth, thus filling the vacancy in the treasury, so that the Northern Expedition to the Huns would not die halfway. Of course, some of the money was used by Emperor Wu for large-scale construction. The palaces in Shanglinyuan are the best proof. At the same time, many officials are often mixed with some selfish desires and profit from it when implementing the specific implementation. As a result, in some aspects it has caused inefficiency or even counterproductive results. The reason for the objection of the virtuous literary school.

Ma Fu doesn't care much about these things, he just thinks that having a book in his arms is a good thing, as for other aspects, the distance is too far away, it's not a matter for him to consider, he didn't expect him to say that, Ma Jun On the contrary, Zhengyi said sternly: "The advantages and disadvantages of politics, if you don't speak up...bluntly, what, what, what..."

   "All right, all right, you have the final say..." Ma Fu stopped arguing with Ma Jun, "Do you still want to go back and read?"

   Ma Jun stared, sighed, stopped talking, walked forward silently, and went back to his residence to study.

  Let’s not talk about how Ma Fu and Ma Jun sharpened their guns in front of the residence, but only that Fei Qian felt a little emotional and a little apprehensive when facing the prototype of the imperial examination this time.

  What is the imperial examination?

  As the name suggests, it is naturally a sub-subject examination, and then it is based on the results of the examination. But now Fei Qian dare not even say the word "imperial examination", nor can he openly declare that he is "only for talent".

Now, there will be a major examination in the school. There is no problem with this, because even if the system of filial piety was promoted in the Han Dynasty, there were two main subjects: filial piety and honesty. Even in Luoyang, the imperial court would set up an exam to test Take a moment, although many of them are just a formality, but there are precedents after all, so when Fei Qian made these changes, many people felt that they were just changes in details, not a big deal, and only a small number of people understood it in their hearts. Those things that are deeper in these changes.

  Is the system of filial piety and honesty in the Han Dynasty not good at all?

  Not necessarily.

   You must know that in the Spring and Autumn Period, or even earlier, just like the Asan society of later generations, whoever does what, is determined, and the determination of status is not an individual's ability, but the surname and blood. Those with noble blood were destined to be high-ranking officials from birth, and those with low blood were still slaves no matter how talented they were, so at that time it didn't matter what their status was, and even Qin was the only one who respected slaves as high officials.

  The establishment of the Han Dynasty by Liu Bang does not mean that at the beginning of the Han Dynasty, all the old nobles in various places were wiped out, and the Ju Xiaolian system completely defeated the blood-supreme talent system in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods.

  So to a certain extent, the talent system of filial piety and honesty is also advanced to a certain extent.

  However, the system of promoting filial piety and honesty is the basis for the grouping of noble families, even those former students and officials under these noble families, including the people who are vassals under these noble families. The gentry aristocratic families formed mutual ties and interest groups by promoting filial piety and honesty.

The imperial examination broke all these family and group backgrounds, so that theoretically speaking, the landlords of the common clan who had no family background and foundation could still take the exam on the same starting line as the children of eunuchs for many generations, thus greatly strengthening the Mobility between the upper and lower classes, thereby enhancing the vitality of the entire society.

Similarly, it was precisely because of the imperial examinations that the feudal class in China was extremely powerful, even stronger than foreign feudal groups. It was so strong that it strongly suppressed the rise of the capitalist class. Enter the capitalist society like a foreign country, but continue to be suppressed.

  Of course, this is also due to the integration of ethnic minorities...

However, the disadvantages of the imperial examinations, Fei Qian is also improving, and now, the system of promoting filial piety and honesty has completely restricted the progress of society. There is absolutely no chance for people to stand out. This is the root cause of social turmoil, and it is also a deep-seated factor for the later great integration of ethnic groups.

  Because when it is impossible to obtain benefits through normal means, ambitious people will consider using abnormal means to obtain benefits. This is human nature, and human nature cannot be avoided no matter what social form.

The imperial examination system was formed in the Tang Dynasty in history. After the national integration, the families of various places were further weakened after the turmoil. In addition, it was tossed several times by Yang Guang. When Li Shimin came to power in the Tang Dynasty, These aristocratic families pinched their noses to admit it, and endured it...

The biggest difference between the examination system of the Tang Dynasty and the examination system of the Sui Dynasty is that scholars do not need to be recommended by the local government, but can recommend themselves. Adult men are eligible to take the national civil service examination, and no referees are required at all.

Even so, there is still a difference whether someone recommends it, and it even lasted for a long time, otherwise the Tang Dynasty in history would not have left so many people with emotion, saying that the poems they wrote so hard were cast on those After the high gate, those officials took it to rub their ass...

So now that Fei Qian is doing this imperial examination, will he encounter a strong backlash? Fei Qian still doesn't have much in mind about this matter, so Linghu Shao, the high priest of the academy, came to ask about the requirements for the first subject of the competition. When asking what test questions to use, after pondering for a moment, Fei Qian said: "bells, drums, pipes, chimes, feathers, scorpions, gans, and chimes are instruments of music; Shu, Ji, are the texts of music; 簠, gui, zu, dou, system, and article are the instruments of ritual; ascending and descending, up and down, Zhou Huan, 裼, and attack are also the texts of ritual... In this way, we use music The title of the instrument of ritual...

  (end of this chapter)