Three Kingdoms.

Chapter 3238: Farmers and diggers have long-term ambitions

Fei Qian deliberately held this "meeting" not at Pingyang Marquis Mansion, but at Shoushan Academy. Naturally, he had his considerations in mind. Although Pingyang Hou Mansion was Fei Qian's home court, the official atmosphere was too strong, while Shoushan Academy had some academic pioneer vibes from the very beginning.

Whether it is the study of scriptures that was launched first, or the attempt at the imperial examination in the palace, it can be said that it is a typical example of a small boat that is easy to turn around.

Fei Qian wants to elaborate and expand new theories at this stage, and it is obvious that Shoushan Academy is more suitable than Qinglong Temple. After all, Moriyama Academy will be purer. Although Qinglong Temple is larger, it is also because it is too large, there are more people mixed in, and the thoughts are more complicated and difficult to grasp.

Starting from the end of the Spring and Autumn Period and the beginning of the Warring States Period, because the system of the Zhou Dynasty had "collapsed", a hundred schools of thought contended. On the one hand, the purpose was to bring salt to the princes of their own country, and on the other hand, it was to explore what direction the country should take after the Zhou system. Go up and walk.

 It is obvious that Qin won in the end.

 The victory of the Qin State also led to the "Hundred Schools of Thought Contention" during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, which eventually became the "Yi Ming". China's centralized unified system became a proven and powerful national system.

The subsequent Han and Tang dynasties implemented this national system line until the Tang Dynasty, when it expanded to the peak of the cold weapon era of the classical feudal dynasty.

Note that the cavalry of the Tang Dynasty was at its peak. It almost swept across the desert, shocked the frontiers, and massacred foreign countries in a matter of seconds. However, it was obviously due to technical limitations, inconvenient transportation, and the inability of the system to keep up. , the centralized system of power was forced to be changed into a system of local military government responsibility, and the extremely large Jiedu Mansion also made it possible from the middle and late Tang Dynasty to the Song and Ming Dynasties. The suppression of military generals by civilian officials became the only means to ensure the stability of imperial power, which eventually led to In the late Ming Dynasty, the immune system that was supposed to defend against foreign enemies completely became a breeding ground for bacterial invasion.

Similarly, it can also be clearly seen that since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the number of people conducting research on national systems has actually been continuously shrinking, and the flourishing of a hundred schools of thought has ceased. The main reason is still that after the unification, Confucianism became the core school of thought, and Confucianism's suppressive power over other schools of thought was also demonstrated in academic circles.

“The system of a husband’s country cannot be achieved overnight. It is necessary to assess the situation and adapt to the customs. Therefore, the ancient sage kings were able to rejuvenate their country because they knew it. Make it conform to the way of heaven and earth and the hearts of the people, and then it can last for a long time. 』

Obviously not.

“Those who made laws in the past must take into account the size of the population to make use of the country. The place from which people are born is the earth; the place from which the earth is given is people. Therefore, the former kings respected the basics and underestimated the weak. They focused on the big and ignored the small. Therefore, since there are many people, the country will be able to use it abundantly. 』

　　　『I believe that the best way to govern a country is to provide for the people. 』、

Just like Confucius, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, he was definitely the leading figure among hundreds of schools of thought. That tiankeng forehead that seemed to have been hit by God definitely shone with the light of wisdom that ordinary people could not match.

 It is not that China is without smart people.

Of course, putting aside productivity and production relations and simply talking about castles in the air is obviously a hooliganism, but similarly, if you completely ignore the life and death of the grassroots people and only think about adjustments and reforms within the ruling class, the interests will be transferred, and the constitutional farce of the late Qing Dynasty will Just the best example.

Everything naturally has its pros and cons.

 But the question is, apart from the "divine right of kings", what other "magic weapons" do they have to maintain the "rationality" of their rule?

Of course, they gritted their teeth. It is absolutely impossible to admit that the untouchables are the foundation of the country. They can only blindly emphasize that the elite is the future of the country...

“Therefore, when the number of people is high, the ordinary affairs must be carried out in a correct manner; to divide the fields, to order tributes, to make crops and use them, to make food and salary, to set up field services, and to build the army. The country uses it to build its code, the family uses it to establish its rules, the five rituals are used to repair, and the nine punishments are used to measure, they are just to judge the number of the people! 』

Under the unified, centralized imperial power system and academic clan system of the feudal dynasty, the feudal dynasty in ancient China could be stable for hundreds of years after the founding of the country, but it was also because its system only represented the interests of a very small minority of the ruling class and ignored the grassroots. The demands of the people eventually led to the annihilation of successive feudal dynasties.

In this era, there is no need for such childbirth.

　　　That is not the case now. Scholars, farmers, industry and merchants will all suffer losses, and the people of the world will not be able to live in peace. As a result, people are displaced, and the number of people living there is decreasing, which means that the country is running out of resources. 』

　　　『There is no better way to make money than to give birth to people. There is no one in our country who is burdened by the population, for fear that people will not survive. 』

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　IV Only by being impartial, neither heavy nor tilted, can it be like the four pillars of the sky, making the country stable and the wilderness peaceful. 』

Fei Qian said slowly.

 If you want to break this shackles, it is obvious that direct disputes will not work.

 In an era when the survival rate of infants and young children is extremely low, there is nothing more joyful than having a baby and increasing the population.

　　　　A benevolent person will make a fortune with wealth, while an unkind person will make a fortune with his body. A benevolent person makes money for the people, while an unkind person plunders the people to make money. The national system cannot be careless. If the system is appropriate, people's livelihood will be stable. If it is not controlled properly, it will be as fierce as a tiger as Confucius said. 』

 It can only be done imperceptibly, like boiling a frog in warm water.

 But what about a hundred years later?

 What about a thousand years?

 Did the ancients not understand this?

　　　Do you think so? 』

Fei Qian nodded and added, "This is the Shoushan Mingtang. It is a matter of judging superiority and inferiority. It has nothing to do with your rank and authority. You can speak freely and you will not be guilty of any crime with your speech." 』

 In fact, there were discussions about population in every dynasty.

 The Spring and Autumn Period mostly encouraged population growth.

 Confucianism and the Huang family are all like this.

But there are also people with different concepts. For example, Shang Yang rationally saw the contradiction between population and land, emphasizing the contrast between people and land. Moreover, this guy also paid special attention to population surveys. He was the first person in history to organize a nationwide population survey. First person.

Then, based on Shang Yang's work, Han Feizi further regarded the contradiction between population and land as the source of "people's struggle", saying that "it is not too many for people to have five sons today, and there are five sons, and the father is not dead." Twenty-five grandchildren. Therefore, the people have few goods and wealth, and work hard but have little support. Therefore, the people fight, and although they are rewarded and punished multiple times, they are not immune to chaos. 』

 Then Han Feizi only had opinions but no suggestions. He was worried about "people's strife" and said that "even though rewards and punishments are many, chaos will not be avoided." On the other hand, he advocated the use of legal system to stop "people's strife".

In the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu, the leader of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties, stated that population was closely related to the theory of mutual growth and mutual support. Han Yu believes that people's material life is not self-sufficient, but depends on each other to support each other. If someone cannot use his own labor to provide needed products and services for others, he is of no benefit to society.

According to this theoretical basis, Han Yu further divided the population from the original "four people" into "six people" according to their occupations, and believed that the three people, farmers, workers, and merchants, supported each other and were needed by society. Then scholars are those who govern people, and it is only natural that they should be supported by others, and they are also people who are beneficial to society. The so-called monks and Taoists do not engage in economic activities such as agriculture, industry, and commerce, but need support from agriculture, industry, and commerce. They are essentially a surplus population...

From a certain point of view, has it been true that since the Tang Dynasty of Han Yu, there has been a sense of "elite" governance?

　　Do you bring salt to your class? Does everyone need to have enough food? What’s the problem?

 But if China really wants to be strong, can it rely on a single class?

 Especially by the so-called “elite” class?

It’s freezing cold and the water is indeed too cold, but my scalp can still be cooled off. Is this a contradiction?

 What is a “scholar”?

That is the deformation of "earth"!

Of course, there are not without "scholars" with outstanding vision. For example, Ma Duanlin in the Yuan Dynasty was the first person in Chinese history to clearly raise the issue of population quality and discuss its important economic significance. He said, "In ancient times, there were only a few people with a small household registration, but they were all intelligent people; in later generations, the population was large, but there were many lazy people." Jun is a human being. In the ancient times, if a person was a scholar, he would be good at Taoism and learning; if he was a farmer, he would be good at farming; if he was a soldier, he would be good at fighting. No matter where you put your money, you will be satisfied. Therefore, a country thousands of miles away, with thousands of families gathered together, can defend its country and its people for the rest of the world. The people make the country strong, and the people are few, the country is weak. The people are the people who support the establishment of the country at that time. 』

Although Ma Duanlin's words may not have been used to express the depression in his heart, they are also an important progress in the development of the Chinese population's thoughts. Quantity and quality are needed, otherwise those demented people who talk nonsense all day long are also important. No matter how many scholars there are, what good will they do?

Everyone in the audience, although they heard Fei Qian say that those who speak are not guilty, but when it is obvious that he wants to use this theory to rectify his name, it is obviously not a good idea to jump out and confront Fei Qian, so even if Fei Qian let everyone He spoke freely, but there was still silence.

Fei Qian looked at Zhong Jie.

Zhongjie coughed slightly, then raised his hands and said, "I have a hundred acres of land, and the produce is enough to feed ten people." There are five people now, and the changes in national policy are enough to support these five people. If the number of people increases by twenty, but the yield of the fields is only enough to feed fifteen, even if they have the talent to know the world, they will not be able to escape the suffering of famine, and they may even starve to death all over the country. Although there is the art of increasing the field, the increase of the art is limited, while the increase of the people is boundless. We are happy when the people increase, but the fields are not desirable. If the fields are not inherited, what can be done? 』

Fei Qian nodded, "What the Great Sacrificial Wine said is true." 』

　　　Looking at agriculture alone, the number of acres of land is limited, and the number of people is increasing. It is impossible to support the sudden increase in the number of people with limited acres of land.　　　　　　Since this question exists, it should be answered. 』

　　　Then, who can understand it? Fei Qian looked around and said with a gentle smile, "But Ling Nong can help himself?" The yield per mu is fixed, and the annual increase is calculated orally. Therefore, the people hide their lives and have their babies die young, so as not to have their mouths settled. 』

　　　　Therefore, the difficulties faced by farmers need to be solved by scholars. Fei Qian said categorically, "But what about the people in Shandong today?" I only know tax service. 』

 The taxation system in the Han Dynasty was rough. It can even be said that even in later generations, the taxation system was still unsatisfactory. It was originally supposed to be a tax for social regulation and use by the people, but what was the result? The richer the people, the more they evade taxes, while the poorer people are overwhelmed by the taxes passed on in every link.

For example, the country’s immediate rice reduction tax includes blueberry tax, marshmallow tax, bread cutting tax, hot soup tax, pumpkin carving tax…

 As for other countries, well, ahem...

　　　　In order to calculate taxes, there must be strict rules. The beetle officials have their hands up and down, and the country gentry cleverly seizes the people's fat. ” Fei Qian said, “If the land is not enough to support people, it is because the government is not enough to make a living for the people.” Therefore, the people are full of resentment and the laws are difficult to implement. Those who look down upon those above are contemptuous, and those who look upon those below are despicable."

“Therefore, the thieves in Shandong drive the people to death and reduce their mouths by fighting. This is the technique of exterminating households, just like the current disaster in Hedong. 』

　　　『It is often said that great righteousness is the most important thing to the people, but if one treats his government very harshly, isn't it true that he treats them like a piece of grass? The government will lose its way, the people will be resentful, and the country will be ruined. Therefore, a gentleman should stick to his roots, and when his roots are established, the Tao will emerge."

“If there are thieves today who harm the people by being harsh in government, they will be annihilated from the emperor, from the Han, and from the world!” 』

That's right, Fei Qian doesn't want to fight the war in the old-fashioned name of "clearing the emperor, saving the people, and helping the world", nor does he want the fight between himself and his classmate Lao Cao to become a intrigue between princes. Into the so-called circle competition.

In the early days of Feiqian, it didn’t matter if you shouted these slogans, because everyone was shouting that at that time. If Feiqian shouted a slogan about why it serves, it would probably scare a lot of people on the spot...

 But it’s different now.

 Obviously, Fei Qian needs to propose a direction that is completely different from that of Shandong. However, Fei Qian cannot use the righteousness that people in Shandong call out. Even if he uses it reluctantly, it has no meaning.

Although everyone has reached a consensus on the unjust war in the Spring and Autumn Period, we cannot just say it is "unjust" and pretend to be "righteous" to show it on our faces.

 As Fei Qian said, it is obviously wrong to simply point all the conflicts of the feudal dynasty to the land.

　　People and the land are themselves an intertwined community.

 Therefore, the population issue is not a single independent social issue, but a complex issue integrated with resources, environment, economic development, cultural traditions, etc.

 Underpopulation or overpopulation will have adverse effects on the country and society.

A country should have an ideal population density and a moderate population size that are compatible with the country's land and natural resource endowments, knowledge and technology application level, industrial and agricultural production capacity, and the ability to support the people. It belongs to a dynamically changing category.

Since it is a dynamically changing category, it naturally requires a suitable national system to regulate and intervene.

 A rigid policy that always adheres to the ancestral law is obviously not a good thing.

 Under this, the advantages and disadvantages of national systems and differences in laws are reflected.

During the three to four hundred years of the Han Dynasty, didn’t the emperor and ministers know that there were problems with government decrees, taxation laws, etc.?

I know, but since the people have not yet reached the point of making a fuss, there is no need to amend the law. If it can't be done, if it can't be done, just pull the three princes out to apologize, say "Moses dig it up" and immediately sein, isn't it considered to be the end of the matter? ?

 Indeed, as long as the people at the bottom can survive, they will never risk their lives to launch a peasant uprising. Therefore, the relatively slow response of the ruling class is understandable. Anyway, as long as the last step is not reached, the ruling class probably feels that it can continue to make the people suffer and endure.

 However, the overall social development of China is fundamentally driven by the vast number of Chinese people, not determined by careerists. The so-called "the current situation creates heroes", the current situation is public opinion, and public opinion comes from those things and needs that the people at the bottom most desire.

  In other words, the living conditions of the people at the lowest level ultimately determine whether the entire society is stable. When people at the grassroots level have difficulty surviving, the entire country will naturally become unstable and unstable. This is why, once any problem arises in later capitalist countries, they will immediately issue welfare coupons to the people at the bottom level and take similar measures.

 This is the natural nature of human beings hidden under social nature.

  After all, in the Chinese feudal dynasty, the population can be divided relatively simply into the grassroots class and the ruling class.

 When population growth is suppressed by the environment, the grassroots class is first and most severely suppressed, while the ruling class is often not affected much because it has abundant means of production and living. This causes the proportion of the tongzhi class to rise suddenly in the total population. In order to maintain at least the previous standard of living, the ruling class will find ways to increase taxes, and the tax burden of the grassroots class will increase.

Since China has been shouting about people-oriented, benevolence, justice and morality since the Spring and Autumn Period, isn't this moment an opportunity to put these long-awaited "justices" into practice?

Even though Fei Qian knew in his heart that the shelf life of this kind of "justice" could not be determined, it was still better than nothing.

After Zhongjie Linghuhui and others’ inquiries and support, whether intentionally or unintentionally, Fei Qian came to his final conclusion...

　　　『The inheritance of the four people is the cornerstone of the country. Scholars build themselves up by studying hard, farmers cultivate crops to support their lives, workers use skills to make tools, and merchants make money through currency. The four perform their own duties, support each other, and contribute to the prosperity of the Han Dynasty. 』

　　　　Scholars are the pillars of the country. Study and understand things, cultivate your character, manage your family, and govern the country and bring peace to the world. Confucianism is not just a matter of chapters and sentences, but a talent for application. Therefore, scholars must study diligently to prepare for the needs of the court, society and the country. 』

　　　Farmers are the foundation of the country. Food is the foundation of man and nature, and agriculture is the foundation of food. Sowing in spring, harvesting in autumn, working in summer and hiding in winter, every grain is hard work. Farmers are diligent in their fields, making the warehouses solid and the people's hearts at ease, and the country's destiny will be long-lasting. 』

　　　Workers are the ingenuity of a country. Unique ingenuity and superb skills. Forging iron into soldiers, building earth into cities, and building boats and chariots to facilitate transportation. The skills of workers not only contribute to people's livelihood, but also strengthen the country's bones. 』

　　　　Businessmen are the blood of the country. Jia is honest and fair. Business travel, goods circulation, and wealth gathering. The way of merchants can make everything in the four directions find their proper place, and it can also make the country rich and the blood flow smoothly. 』

　　　　The four peoples’ industries have their own strengths and specialties. Times change, things change and stars move, and the four peoples should also change at any time and adapt to the situation. Therefore, the four peoples are divided into different responsibilities. There is no distinction between superior and inferior, nor superior or inferior. Recruit the talents of the children, develop the talents of the children, benefit the people with their positions, and prosper the country with their abilities. Therefore, those who become officials should draw on the strengths of the four people, understand the duties of the four people, use the control of the four people, and nourish the four people. Born to rejuvenate the country and benefit the people. 』

Everyone has different expressions, including those who are happy, those who admire, those who are doubtful, and those who are hesitant. Similarly, there are also those who lower their heads as if they don’t want others to see their expressions.

Fei Qian paused for a moment, then continued:

　　　　In the past, in the days of Yao, Shun, and Yu Tang, morality was evident and benevolent government prevailed. Those who serve in politics should establish themselves based on Taoism, govern the country with virtue, stick to their true intentions, and not be swayed by the world. Therefore, within the four seas, the weather is smooth, and all the people live and work in peace and contentment. 』

　　　Therefore, when in power, one should guard the mountain. Mountains are the seat of good nature and the foundation of heavenly principles. Those who hold this attitude can rectify themselves, transform people, stabilize the country, and bring peace to the people. 』

　　　　Government should be the thoroughfare. The Qu is where the world comes and goes, and where the eight wastelands go. Those who hold this intention, wherever their heart goes, the Han Dynasty is the frontier, the natural chasm turns into a thoroughfare, and it is as steep as a flat river! 』

　　　　Government should be conducted in a proper way. Those who follow the Tao will not be motivated by profit or be deceived by power. Those who uphold this Tao will be selfless, fair and upright, inherit the past and start the future, and create lasting achievements! 』

　　　However, guarding the mountain thoroughfares in a proper way is not something that can be accomplished in a day, nor can it be done by one person. It takes everyone's encouragement and concerted efforts to achieve peace and harmony in the world. In this way, the prefectures and counties will be at peace, the people will be happy, and one family will share the blessings of the Han Dynasty! 』

“There are thieves today who have lost their mountains, cut off their thoroughfares, and disrupted their roads!” Driving the people away is like dolphins and dogs, trapping the country is like child's play! There is no system to unify the four peoples internally, and there is no way to control the army and barbarians externally! All I know is that they greedily seize the people's wealth, collect people's labor, and occupy high positions to harm the country! This is the curse of the great man! 』

　　　"A body of misfortunes and blessings is as small as a hair, and eternal honors and fame are fought for in an instant!" It should be noted that there is a general outline of good and bad times, and a thousand years can be named! It’s time to defeat the traitors, eradicate the evil government, establish the Han system, establish the country, and pacify the world! 』

　　　『Announce it to the sea, and the envoys will hear about it! 』