Three Kingdoms.

Chapter 3284 Implementation and Trial Implementation

 On the Emei Mountains.

Fei Qian stood with his hands behind his back, while Xun Chen stood aside and humbly trailed half a step behind.

 Far and near, the mountains are verdant and lush, like a beautiful picture of nature.

 In later generations, most of Emei Mountains have been barren, with mostly yellow and few green.

At present, there are still many ferns on the Emei Mountains. These tall or low ferns occupy most of the area, making the entire Emei Mountains seem to be covered with a soft green carpet if viewed from the air. .

 However, these ferns that seem to be extremely prosperous at present have gradually degraded due to temperature changes and human damage...

Just like Hangu Pass, which was a huge headache for the Six Kingdoms during the Warring States Period, it had been reduced to an ordinary city by the time of the Han Dynasty.

 There will be different changes due to different circumstances, time, events, places, and people.

Plants will evolve, and those that do not evolve will perish. How long has it been since humans last evolved?

Fei Qian, who was thinking a lot, was interrupted by the message delivered by Zhang Xiu on horseback.

 The events described by Zhang Xiu were indeed as Fei Qian expected.

 Hedong and Hedong, the common people and the common people are not exactly the same.

After reading it and being silent for a while, Fei Qian handed the letter to Xun Chen.

Regarding the "ignorant" situation of the tenant farmers in the Yuncheng Basin of Hedong Province reported by Zhang Xiu in the letter, Xun Chen also frowned, pondered for a moment and then said, "My lord, I have heard that the sun is yang virtue and the moon is yin spirit." . The ups and downs have meanings, and the clouds and clearings have their classics. The reason why mountains and rivers are built is the flow of rivers. The mountains are full of lush mountains, high peaks and jagged peaks, but they cannot cover the sun and moon. The river has ascending and descending rivers, and the cases are spreading across the altar. Its fate is like a big river, but it cannot accommodate the stars. Nowadays, in the land of Shandong, the sun rises and sets, and the moon waxes when it is full. The rivers are too high to cover the sky, and the rivers are too deep to contain the four seas. These people are like shrubs in mountains and rivers, fish and shrimps in rivers. How do they know how the heaven, earth, sun, moon and stars work, and how can they understand right and wrong? 』

Fei Qian nodded slightly.

Xun Chen is indeed very smart. He even guessed part of Fei Qian's thoughts.

 The land east of the river can be divided into upper and lower areas along the Emei Mountains. The upper part is centered on Linfen and Pingyang, and the lower part is naturally focused on Anyi and Jiexian.

The area around Linfen and Pingyang was basically given up in the later period of Emperor Ling, so much so that Ding Yuan, the governor of Bingzhou at the time, hurriedly ran back as soon as he heard that the central government had an opportunity. He did not want to return to Bingzhou at all. This shows that at that time, the east of the river was north of the river. distress and distress in the region.

Compared to the south, the Yuncheng Basin has always been under the control of the Han gentry and gentry.

 This kind of control is very similar to the method used to control the people in Shandong.

After all, before Feiqian came to Fenpingyang to build a school palace and before he built Qinglong Temple in Chang'an, the gentry and gentry in Hedong were following the pace of Shandong.

It is very difficult to change a person's habits, and it is even more difficult to change the customs of a place.

 So the customs of Shangxia Hedong are very different.

So what about the customs in Shandong and Shanxi?

Although Xun Chen's words do make some sense, they are actually more of a relief.

Fei Qian put his hands behind his hands and looked at the vast land at the foot of the Emei Mountains. He said in a deep voice: "No one in the world dares to disobey the hegemon of the past Qin." However, its defeat is like a mountain collapse that is unstoppable. The reason why Qin was defeated was because its soldiers were not strong, its men were not brave, its generals were bad, and its laws were not strict. It lies in losing the hearts of the people and the hearts of the world. 』

　　　The word "people's support" is often mentioned in unknown terms. What is the human heart? At the beginning of the Qin Dynasty, the country was governed by law, focusing on agriculture and suppressing commerce, so that the people had the same aspirations. However, if you look at the world, some people say that the laws are too harsh and the people are miserable. Who can be said to be unbearable? Chen Wu shouted angrily and responded to the hearts of the people in the world. What about the hearts of the people? Whose heart is that? 』

　　　"He who wins the hearts of the people will win the world; he who loses the hearts of the people will lose the world." Qin's defeat was due to ignorance. But if a car is overturned now, what can we learn from it? 』

Hearing this, Xun Chen couldn't help but think deeply. Of course he would not say that the people's heart is the heart of ordinary people. After all, in the current era of Han Dynasty, the vast majority of ordinary people are ignorant and do not even have names, let alone understand the so-called political laws.

After thinking for a long time, Xun Chen raised his hands and asked, "My lord, please enlighten me. What is the meaning of the word "people's hearts"?" 』

 Talk about the people's hearts and minds, but what is the real "people's hearts"?

 To be honest, Xun Chen is also worried.

Fei Qian fights against Cao Cao, then there is no problem at all, but if Fei Qian is "crazy" and wants to be like "Classmate Wang", he will carry out land reform...

Fei Qian cultivated land and granted acres of land to the people who cultivated it, but Fei Qian was still the "big landowner" of this era.

To put it simply, it’s like the salary of a cleaner in Fatty’s Supermarket is six to seven thousand. The capitalists will only laugh at the stupid fat guy, and then yell at the employees, if you think it’s good, you can go, but if Fatty’s Supermarket wants other capitalists to join Give the cleaner six to seven thousand...

If Feiqian allocates his own land or ownerless land to the common people who are working in the fields, then the noble landowners will not fart, at least not in public. But if all the landowners in the world are to allocate land to their tenant farmers, , then haha.

Fei Qian smiled and said, "The people's hearts are not as valuable as gold and jade, nor as beautiful as brocade." It is the foundation of the country and the cornerstone of the country. What the people want is what the king wants; what the people hate is what the king wants to avoid. 』

Xun Chen smiled helplessly. He was about to say something, but when his thoughts changed, he frowned again.

Fei Qian seems to have said a bunch of things, but if you think about it carefully, there is a lot of truth in it.

 What is fundamental?

 What is the cornerstone?

 What do the people desire and dislike?

If the ruling class of a country does not know what the people want and hate, or if they want to force ordinary people to distort their hopes and anesthetize themselves, then even if they delete and block all information about Chen Sheng and Wu Guang , and after all, the roar in the big swamp is unavoidable.

Fei Qian waved his hand and said, "The issue of people's hearts is a big one, so let's just talk about people's opinions." 』

Xun Chen couldn't help but exhale and nodded repeatedly.

 These two words, it’s enough to say them in one sentence. If anyone really trembles inside, then who won’t tremble?

　　　　The people's opinions are based on the people's will, but the people's opinions are not the people's opinions. Just as the river is connected to the four seas, one is connected to the others. ” Fei Qian said slowly, “However, the people of the Han Dynasty often make mistakes in their opinions. There are many people who listen to and believe in others, and few people who are prudent and clear-minded. 』

This is not only true in the Han Dynasty, but also in many feudal dynasties. And what is very interesting is that the more ordinary people are, the easier it is for them to empathize with capital. This capital is not necessarily limited to the capitalists of later generations, but can also be landowners, nobles, powerful, and aristocratic families who own a large amount of means of production and living.

　　　『The theory of salt and iron is to compete with the people for profit, regardless of right or wrong, regardless of gains and losses, and only give up if you avoid it. Fei Qian shook his head and said, "But if the Han Dynasty loses salt and iron, will the people benefit from it?" What was the price of salt when Xiaowu made salt and iron? How many times is it today? 』

Xun Chen could not answer.

 During the Western Han Dynasty, the price of salt was relatively cheap. During the Western Han Dynasty, in some years, the prices of salt and grain were even equal or similar. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty implemented the salt and iron system, the price of salt did increase significantly than before. However, after the salt and iron monopoly was cancelled, the price of salt did not fall in response, but rose sharply.

There may be some inflationary factors involved, but if compared with grain, the price of salt in the early Han Dynasty went from one to one or one to two, to one to five in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and sometimes even One to eight.

Therefore, it is obvious that the descendants of the gentry in the Han Dynasty led the people to criticize the government and abolished the salt and iron state-owned enterprises. However, the burden on the people did not lighten, but instead increased.

 What Fei Qian said is indeed a typical problem in China. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was not the founder of state-owned enterprises.

 After all, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, even the skin and meat business was state-run...

But the interesting phenomenon in China is that once there is a conflict between state-owned enterprises under the supervision of the court and private enterprises, public opinion will indiscriminately support private enterprises.

Even if this kind of conflict is a normal business competition or dispute, private enterprises will be supported regardless of anything.

 If we really think about it, the exploitation of ordinary people by these gentry and gentry may be even more serious. The rent-free and tax-free services provided by the court, as well as disaster relief, were often appropriated and divided up by powerful local officials. And when the local gentry rose to power, how many of them were free from original sin? How many people have made their fortunes by not trampling on legal norms and violating social morals?

 But the problem lies here, the public opinion is inherently inclined to these gentry and gentry.

Of course, there must be reasons why the gentry and gentry secretly guided public opinion, but more importantly, Dong Zhongshu equated the emperor with heaven.

 That is to say, "Everyone is guilty, but I am the one to blame!" 』

The West gave all their sins to God and Jesus, but in the East, this "God" is the Son of Heaven.

No matter what happens in the world, no matter what dissatisfaction the people have, the final blame belongs to the emperor, or to the court under the emperor. As for whether these issues really belong to the court or the emperor, most people Wouldn't even think about it.

Of course, since the imperial power has the highest and greatest power in the world, it also needs to bear the greatest responsibility. Therefore, it was decided that the sentence "Everyone is guilty, and the crime is mine" is correct. As the emperor, he must face all the problems of the people. Dissatisfied, to solve all the sufferings of the people.

But the problem is that these people stupidly classify the middle strata of the ruling class into their own chaotic and good camp. They always regard the powerful nobles as their spiritual sustenance, praise and boast them, and have no regard for their interests. I feel the same, just like the old tenant farmer who was deeply saddened by the loss of Mr. Wang...

This is not the first time Fei Qian has encountered something like this.

Before Cao Cao attacked Hedong, Fei Qian took Fei Zhen north to Yinshan Mountain, and encountered a group of people who blocked the carriage and horses to cry out for their master.

Fei Qian did not blame the people, but later punished the squire who encouraged the people to complain, and this was the only way to put an end to this drama of treating Fei Qian and the people as fools.

 But such an incident also left a warning in Fei Qian's heart.

 Hedong is like this, but what about Shandong?

An ordinary citizen, a tenant farmer who does not even have the means of production and living, is talking about the virtues of the squire's tyranny?

Fei Qian believes that this is probably because the emperor is linked to God, just like the people always curse the thief God when they are helpless. It is a helpless response to their own fate and a way to vent their pain.

 But for the current Han Dynasty, is a centralized dynasty really the enemy of the people?

 For the common people of the Han Dynasty, which one is better, a strong centralized state, or a Warring States period that breaks apart and divides local governments?

 History has made its choice, but the people are still in chaos.

 It is true that in the centralized dynastic system, there are many policies that dissatisfy the people and even intentionally exploit them. But dissatisfaction does not mean that the relationship will be hostile.

 The main thing is the contradiction and unity of contradictions.

Fei Qian felt more and more that the knowledge imparted in the junior and senior studies of later generations was really a magical tool...

Human beings are social animals. They form societies with each other, divide labor and cooperate, and then create wealth. But since it is division of labor and cooperation, there must be a certain order, and order must be maintained by those in power, which inevitably forms power. Then what organizational structure is used to control, control and supervise this power has become a different political system.

 So we need to analyze specific issues in detail.

If Fei Qian had said these words before he could occupy Guanzhong and make the theory of the four peoples, anyone would probably laugh, or even if he said nothing, they would be disdainful in their hearts.

　　　After all, if you are not in your position, you will not pursue your own affairs.

But now that the defeat of Cao Cao's army has been revealed, Cao Cao is just struggling to his death. Fei Qian's words about the system of the country and the policy of governing the country will bring a different feeling to Xun Chen. It feels that Fei Qian is far-sighted and takes one step forward. Look at three steps!

"What my lord has said is true. People's opinions are mixed, and it is difficult to distinguish good from bad. There are also traitors lurking among the people, using the name of citizens to do personal things," Xun Chen said slowly, "I do have a plan, but But my thinking is shallow and I don’t know what is right or wrong. 』

Fei Qian stretched out his hand and said, "It doesn't matter if you say it." 』

　　　Since my lord has spoken of the four peoples, and I have my humble opinion, how about adding the discussion of the four peoples? Xun Chen thought while thinking, and said, "Nowadays, many people do not know right from wrong, and those who do not know the truth are not stupid, but are mistaken by thieves." Scholars, farmers, industry and commerce were all confused, and the classics and prophecies were in a state of confusion. The children of scholars were ignorant of agriculture and industry, and they talked nonsense. Ordinary people had no way of knowing what was going on, let alone why, so they often spoke lies without knowing what they meant. I think that we can add four people's seats in the admonishment chamber, such as the system of Xia and Zhou Dynasty, so as to bring it back to its correctness and conform to its name, or to make the people understand the difference and know its affairs, so that the scholars can discuss their studies and the farmers can discuss them. Plowing, working with tools, and discussing the market may avoid deception, hypocrisy, and inferior power. 』

Fei Qian couldn't help but feel his heart skip a beat when he heard it, and he suddenly began to ponder.

 Xia and Zhou Dynasties were two very important dynasties in ancient political power.

 One is the aggregation of a single aristocratic tribal system into a royal power system, and the other is the separation of the shaman and god, becoming a true royal power system.

It is said that the Xia Dynasty ended the "abdication" system praised by Confucian scholars, and then used it to criticize the cruelty and incompetence of the last king of the Xia Dynasty. However, in fact, the so-called "abdication" system was actually a competition for the "alpha wolf" among primitive tribes. The defeated alpha wolf may not die on the spot, but the end may not be as wonderful as what the Confucian scholars described.

The reason why the word "Huaxia" is called Huaxia is not only the superficial meaning of the word "Huaxia", but also represents the core of Hua, Xia, Huaxia, Zhuhua and Zhuxia, which is "Xia". In the Western Zhou Dynasty before the Spring and Autumn Period, the Zhou people had already used these two words to express their legitimacy and their sense of national unity consistent with the Xia Dynasty.

Just like the Qin and Han Dynasties must talk about the Zhou Dynasty, while the Ming and Qing Dynasties talk more about the Han and Tang Dynasties, the succession of royal power must have its legitimacy before it can be recognized by the world. If the throne is obtained through less bright means such as usurpation, embezzlement, and murder, , just a majority will be despised by the world, and it will be difficult to maintain a stable governance.

As the first dynasty recorded in Chinese history, the formation and development of the Xia Dynasty's political system had a profound impact on later generations. The political structure of the Xia Dynasty not only included hereditary system, bureaucracy and legal system, but also reflected in the balance of royal power and aristocratic power. In this context, the political system of the Xia Dynasty can indeed be seen as the prototype of an early parliamentary system, which is mainly reflected in the mutual constraints and balance between royal power and aristocratic power.

The founder of the Xia Dynasty, Qi, broke the traditional abdication system and established a hereditary system, which marked the beginning of the inheritance of royal power within the family. This system ensured the stability and continuity of the regime to a certain extent and provided an important reference for later dynasties. The Xia Dynasty established a relatively complete bureaucratic system with clear division of labor and clear responsibilities for officials at all levels. This not only strengthens centralization but also improves the efficiency of state management. The existence of the bureaucratic system enabled the Xia Dynasty to effectively manage state affairs and maintain social stability. In later dynasties, the system of division of labor among officials can still be seen, and it can be said that they all have the shadow of the Xia Dynasty.

 An important feature of the Xia Dynasty's political system was the balance between royal power and aristocratic power. Although the royal power is the highest power, the nobles inherited their privileged status through the hereditary system and participated in the decision-making of national affairs, forming an effective restriction on the royal power.

This restriction later evolved into a struggle between the imperial power and the prime minister's power, and then into a power struggle between the imperial power and the cabinet...

 Looking at it as a whole, the progress of human society is the refinement of social division of labor and is determined by the depth of integration of society's overall resources. It is a process from extensive to refined.

 Some people say that the essence of governance in China is "meetings"...

When Fei Qian was in later generations, he once deeply hated meetings. However, he later discovered that what he hated was not meetings themselves, but empty meetings, fake meetings, and meetings that did not involve any real matters. If you want to gather the efforts of everyone and solve practical problems, "meetings" are definitely indispensable. And this kind of "meeting", to a certain extent, is it also a kind of "discussing politics" or "discussing affairs"?

 So what Xun Chen said seems to be the development direction of a political system?

Fei Qian had already made up his mind and said, "As your friend said, maybe you can give it a try." After the land east of Hedong is restored, a Jianyi branch can be set up in Anyi to try out its system. 』

Although Fei Qian did not say it explicitly, it was almost made clear that Xun Chen was about to end his long-term residence in Pingyang as the general manager, and he could officially be released to become a local official. Otherwise, how could there be the so-called "trial production"?

Xun Chen couldn't help but prostrate himself to the ground and touch his head to the ground, "I must live up to my lord's trust!" 』

Fei Qian stepped forward and helped Xun Chen up. Just as he was about to say something, he suddenly saw soldiers rushing towards him in the distance, as if something was happening...