At the end of the Tang Dynasty, it was a feudal town, but in Western Europe

In fact, the curved plow, the manure, and the waterwheel are all younger brothers in front of this agricultural invention. Until now, this invention is still in use, that is, the ridge cultivation method.

The ridge cultivation method is simple to say, that is, the field is divided into ridges and furrows, and the crops are planted in rows on the ridges.

Why did the population grow rapidly in the late Spring and Autumn period and the early Warring States period?It is because of the ridge cultivation method that they have surplus food and have invested in the development of wasteland in the early stage, and they will definitely be able to pay back.

In this case, as the population increases, the unowned land becomes less and less, and the development of land resources cannot keep up with the growth rate of the population. This is reflected in the economic and political aspects. Just hold back and start fighting!

Why such a rapid increase in production?The reason is very simple. This is a miniature version of the medieval two-field system. The ridges piled up with soil are cultivated land, and the dug out trenches are fallow land.

In the second year, the field is plowed again, the original ridges become furrows, and the original furrows become ridges, and then this is changed every year. Although crops are planted every year, in fact, each mu of land is cultivated in a small-scale rotation , Guaranteed soil strength.

In addition, the ditch is convenient for walking and weeding, and will not damage the crops. Secondly, a certain distance is kept between each ridge, so that resources and nutrients will not be robbed from each other, and it is also convenient for ventilation.

Then, when watering, due to the existence of furrows and ridges, the roots will not rot due to water accumulation.

In terms of labor efficiency and growth efficiency, the field under the condition of backward productivity is almost utilized to the extreme.

And what was European agriculture like at this time?

First of all, aside from Byzantium, most of Western Europe adopted the two-field system at this time, and even the more advanced three-field system was only used in some old Roman aristocratic families in the Gaul region.

The two-field system is a rotation of cultivation, while the three-field system adds a pastoral area, that is, two cultivated land and one fallow.

Among the two farmlands, one is planted with winter wheat for harvesting as food, the other is planted with soybeans and oats for fattening, and the fallow land is used for grazing cattle and sheep. At the same time, cattle and sheep manure can also be used as fertilizer, and then rotated in the next year.

In fact, this three-field system is not particularly bad, because it can also graze cattle and sheep, especially under the climate conditions of Western Europe, it is considered a good planting system.

The helpless direction is right, but the farmers in Western Europe are a bit informal. The specific manifestations are:

What ditches?What water conservancy?What manure?What three gardens?I poured the wheat seeds directly into the soil, then urinated, and shouted three times: "God bless you!", and came over to weed if there was anything to do, and that was the end.

Therefore, when seeing the Frankish farmers next to them planting the land like this, the blood pressure of all the Han people present soared, and they tried not to go there in the end, out of sight and out of mind.

Feng Sen also has no intention of correcting the cultivation of the Frankish farmers. When the land on his side has a bumper harvest next year, it will be the Frankish farmers who will beg us.

Of course, in addition to improving the planting methods, Feng Sen also improved the means of cattle and horse plowing.

The first is cattle farming. Since ancient times, whether it is the Central Plains or Europe, there have never been attempts to use cattle and horses to cultivate land. Horses are fine, but cattle are difficult to domesticate, and most of them are used as dairy cows and cattle in Europe. food exists.

Of course, it's not that there is no cattle farming, it's just that there are relatively few cattle, because although they are wild domesticated cattle, it is quite difficult to tame them again.

Therefore, Feng Sen took out an artifact to tame the cow - the cow nose ring.

This cow nose ring is not meant to be strung on the nose of the cow, and the cow will be able to plow the land obediently immediately when the favorability is full.

So after wearing a cow nose ring, it still needs to be tamed before it can be put into use. The cow nose ring just speeds up the process.

After a winter, the European domestic cattle were finally almost tamed. They mooed, put on their harnesses, and started the life of spring farming like distant relatives in the Central Plains.

Compared with cattle farming, the problem of horse farming in Western Europe is also not small.

The problem is that their horse plow's harness is tied around the horse's neck. I don't know who thought it, but the horses are about to jump up and touch him.

You pull the boat and tie the rope around your neck?

Therefore, Feng Sen improved the harness and replaced it with a harness that bears the force on the shoulders and chest, which greatly reduced the loss of horses and increased the efficiency of horse farming.

However, with the development of agriculture, animal husbandry must also be carried out. Due to climatic conditions and geographical factors in the Central Plains, it is not cost-effective to engage in animal husbandry. It is definitely not as simple as here.

Moreover, the land conditions and population in Europe at this time are indeed not as good as those in the Central Plains, and it is not realistic to learn from the Central Plains to play full-scale farming. It cannot be imitated blindly. It must be realistic and adapt to local conditions. From the perspective of future development, animal husbandry must be indispensable to the agricultural situation here. part of the

Then animal husbandry has to be put on the agenda, Feng Sen stroked his beard and thought that later he would have to entrust a businessman to buy some forage seeds and alfalfa seeds, just as those straws could be used to make silage.

While Feng Sen was thinking about the future, Wang Sima came galloping on horseback suddenly, and he handed Feng Sen a letter in papyrus.

Feng Sen opened the letter and read it silently for a while,

With a light laugh, Feng Sen tore up the letter, and nodded to Wang Sima: "Go and inform the great monk Zhenhui, some are busy."

Chapter 46 Can Heavenly Father Create a Stone He Cannot Lift?

"Officer Kelvin."

A Mediterranean young man in a plain gray robe came out from behind a corner. Seeing Zhenhui passing by, his eyes lit up and he immediately shouted.

"Ah, so it's you, Felix." Zhenhui turned her head and patted the leaves on Felix's shoulder affectionately, "Ha, I think you came to me because of yesterday's problem, right?"

"Yes." The attendant monk named Felix said with some shame, "I still haven't been able to figure out the answer, it's because I'm not devout enough to the Heavenly Father."

Zhenhui gently grabbed Felix's arm and pulled him to the stool in the corridor of Bi Luo.

"My friend, you study very hard and piously. The reason why you can't think of it is because the books you read are too concentrated. On the one hand, you have to learn the greatness of the Heavenly Father from the main text, and on the other hand, you also have to learn about the Heavenly Father from other books.

Take, for example, the question asked by the heathen I met: Can Heavenly Father create a stone that He cannot lift? "

"The Heavenly Father is omnipotent and can create all things, but if he is omnipotent, how can there be a stone that the Heavenly Father cannot lift? If such a stone does not exist, then it proves that the Heavenly Father cannot create... Oh, it's too blasphemy, I can't go on."

"Haha." Zhenhui let out a gentle laugh, "My friend, Felix, you must know that this is a problem that pagans use to sophistry, if you encounter such a problem when you are preaching , how do you refute it?

In fact, you can find that the precondition of the so-called "rock that cannot be lifted" itself implies that the Heavenly Father is not omnipotent. This is a typical sophistry: circular reasoning.

Why is the Father not omnipotent?Because the Father cannot create a stone that cannot be lifted.

Why couldn't Heavenly Father create a rock that couldn't be lifted?Because the Father is not omnipotent.

But if the Father is Almighty, how can there be a stone that cannot be lifted?But they cleverly assume that this unliftable stone exists, which is their evil logic. "

Felix's eyelids trembled, and then they suddenly became unblocked like a patient with ten years of constipation. His sad expression was like a dark cloud swept away by a strong wind, and quickly drifted away within a few seconds.

"This, this is really wonderful." Felix said pleasantly, "Why didn't I think of it?"

"In the library behind the Bremen church, there is a Latin pamphlet called "Pre-Analysis", written by Aris..." Zhenhui's soft words were halfway through, and a somewhat harsh hoarse voice interrupted him.

"Listen, listen, you are actually talking about logic in front of Heavenly Father." A middle-aged priest in a black robe walked over from nowhere, "It seems that Siris is not a land of wisdom and piousness."

He has a sallow face, with prominent cheekbones on both sides, but big eyes. He sneered at Zhenhui with a half-smile: "Master Kelvin, does the Church of Siris seem to have a little deviation in its understanding of Heavenly Father?"

"Priest Marovinus." Felix immediately stood up and saluted.

And Zhenhui stood up with a smile on his face, and nodded to the pastor: "Siris is too far away from Rome, I really can't get the latest interpretation of the scriptures, I may have made a mistake, I don't know what opinion Pastor Marovinus has?"

Marovinus ignored Zhenhui, but walked up to Felix, and said solemnly: "Felix attendant monk, you must know that Heavenly Father created everything, and this everything refers to everything, among which Including logic and spirit.

How do you talk logic before your Heavenly Father?Heavenly Father is beyond logic, if you stand before Heavenly Father and He is willing to respond to you, you ask to create a stone that He cannot lift, He can create.

If you ask the stone that cannot be lifted, the Father will lift it, because He can lift the stone that He cannot lift, the Father is omnipotent!Logic can never bind him, he is far above logic!

This is what is written in the scriptures, you don't need to read any other books. "

"I know, I know." Felix nodded timidly, looking at the priest with a ferocious and fanatical expression, who was about to spray saliva on his face.

"Father Kelvin, what do you think?" Marovinus sneered and walked in front of Zhenhui.

Zhenhui still had a smile on her face: "Your statement is indeed more convincing, but I prefer to say this to farmers who don't understand anything, because it is easier to understand.

As for our monks, I am always willing to avoid teaching them by speculating on the Father, just like what is said in the precepts, don’t test and speculate on God. I have been talking about logic, but you have been talking about the Father. "

Marovinus was taken aback for a moment, and then his teeth made two inaudible clinking sounds, and the side of his back molars bulged quietly: "But your so-called logic does come from the so-called ancient Greek pagans. , can this also describe the Heavenly Father?"

"Pastor Marovinus, I think there must be a heretic in your eyes, otherwise why do you think everyone is a heretic?" Zhenhui held a few rolls of papyrus under his arm, saluted Marovinus with a smile, and left, leaving Marovinus impotent and furious.

Holding a few rolls of papyrus, Zhenhui walked through the small cross-shaped church garden and came to his room. He was about to take out the key, but his movements changed. He glanced around and calmly pulled out a leaf and twig from the keyhole.

He inserted the key as if nothing had happened, turned the lock, opened the door and walked in.

The multicolored sunlight passing through the mosaic window gradually dimmed, and the shadows of the trees became more and more blurred in the colorful sunlight. Amongst the figures, Zhenhui went out wearing a black hooded cloak.

In the quiet church corridor, there was only the friction sound of Zhenhui's footsteps. He turned left and right, picked a few flowers, and walked towards the church cemetery.

Along the way, everything was so quiet, as if everyone had disappeared.

When she came to the cemetery, Zhenhui stopped in front of a tombstone. On the tombstone was written "Tomb of Martin with Big Ears". At this time, most ordinary civilians had only first names and no surnames, and even three generations of grandparents used the same name.

In fact, even Charles himself used his grandfather's name, and Charles's eldest son, Pepin, took the name of Charles' father, the courtier Pepin.

A man wearing a soft felt hat came to the tombstone next to Zhenhui with a sad face, knelt on the ground, prayed and repented earnestly.

"Dear Fanny, I am going on a long journey to Hannover. Maybe I can come back on May 25th to see you again."

"My friend, death is not the final journey. All blessed and repentant people can be reborn after the end." As if hearing the man's statement by accident, Zhenhui comforted him softly.

"Will it be reborn at night?"

"At that time, there will be no distinction between day and night."

The grieving father who lost his daughter seemed to feel better. He bowed to Zhenhui with deep pain and respect, and left.

Zhenhui stood in front of the tombstone, seemingly praying for the dead Martin, and seemed to be meditating. After standing there for about three or ten minutes, he sighed and left staggeringly.

The night wind brought a bit of moisture from the Weser River, and this midnight wind blew the cypress trees in the cemetery, making a rustling sound.

A young priest came out from behind the tree. He looked at the departing Zhenhui suspiciously, and then walked to the tombstone with no name engraved on it. He scratched his head.

A priest who drowned because of falling into the water is obviously buried here. Because he floated down from upstream, his name is unknown, so he didn’t write his name. This is the corpse he personally collected. When did he become "Fanny" ?

How strange, the young priest frowned.

Chapter 47 Young Soldier

In the fourth year of Jianzhong, the last ten days of April in 783 AD.

"Ugh-"

In the early morning with a slight chill, the sound of horns echoed over the Hamburg Elementary School campus. At the same time, this was also the horn used by the Tang Army during the war.

Alvin almost bounced off the bed. Ten children of various ethnic groups slept on the big kang in this mud-brick dormitory. Some of them were Franks, some were Saxons, some were Danes, and some were even Karelians.

"Feng Jiuwu, get up."

"Guys, wake up! Get up!"

As the fire chief, Alvin kept pushing and shoving the remaining children while wearing his clothes. Due to the language barrier, Alvin could only call them in Chinese.

"Get up." These children helped each other get dressed, changed into uniform sackcloth, tied up their hair with cloth strips, checked the wooden sign at their waist, and then rushed out of the room, forming a small team of ten people in two rows and five rows.

Shouting loud slogans, Alvin ran towards the school field with the nine young soldiers behind him.

Due to the lack of teachers, Feng Sen sent a few veterans with relatively mild personalities to manage this group of children. They are not so much teachers as instructors.

What kind of class management do these people know, and they are all based on the army. The 250 children here are divided into five brigades, with five firemen in each team and ten people in each team.

After his father passed away due to illness, Alvin's fortunes turned around somehow, and he was successfully selected to enter the Hamburg Primary School. Alvin, who had outstanding performance in the classroom and on the school field, was soon appointed as the fire chief.

Facing the warm spring sun, Alvin puffed up his chest. At the age of 11, he was half a head taller than last year. His thin and dry face gradually bulged. Muscles in the thigh.

After the third horn sounded, the entire school field was already full of young soldiers. Of course, there were still some latecomers. The next door, Bingsanhuo, was late for one minute because of a guy who was lying in bed.

Team C's Duizheng, C and Sanhuo were all pulled aside, weeping and shouting at their father and mother, and took out sticks, each with five sticks, one stick with a mark, and one slap and one slap for blood.

Under the leadership of their respective teams, the young soldiers lined up neatly and began their daily running exercises along the Alster River, and they couldn't be idle during the running exercises, but chanted Chinese slogans.

"One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, ninety." Everyone stepped on the ground in unison, as if it was a voice, and Alvin felt that those voices were himself, and he was those voices. North, south, east, west, lunge, light and heavy cavalry, the enemy and the enemy walk and stop..."

As the first batch of students in the Hamburg Elementary School, the young soldiers focus on common sense and Chinese in the first year. They need to learn at least [-] Chinese and be able to communicate in a simple way.

Don't think it's difficult. This group of young soldiers lives in Zhongyongfang. Zhongyongfang is a Chinese-speaking environment. Most of them within the first fire cannot speak the language, so they must communicate in Chinese.

What's more, they spend three to four hours a day learning Chinese deliberately, and it is not difficult to ask for simple communication.

In terms of language, Alvin can be said to be very talented. The Hamburg Primary School has been in school for three months. When others are still one, two, three, four, five, Alvin has already started to learn more advanced pronunciation, such as Jiyinqieji.

Alvin and several others will learn more advanced Chinese and even Chinese characters together while others are practicing individually.

This makes Alvin full of expectations. He looks forward to growing up and putting on his battle armor early. He wants to ride a black horse.

Every time he thought of this, Alvin couldn't sleep with excitement, but he was a little discouraged when he woke up.

I have brown hair and green eyes, but the government soldiers have black hair and black eyes, and those damn Karelians, as long as their hair is darker, they can hardly be seen as Karelians.

Although the instructors always say they treat everyone equally, in reality they are always closer to the Karelians... damned Karelians!

Alvin sometimes really hates his teeth itching, why am I not from Seres?If I were from Siris, would I be like this?

After running and exercising, everyone was sweating profusely. In a thatched hut built next to the school grounds, the wide and fat Saxon lady laboriously poured a bucket of hot water and a towel for each young soldier to wipe their bodies.

The young soldier who brushed his body returned to the school grounds and started today's Chinese class.

Compared with Feng Sen who had to come to class in person in winter, these children's Chinese foundation is already good, and they can understand the lessons of these veterans.

But to be honest, they don’t have any means of teaching. They just read the texts and memorize sentences every day. When the time comes, they will bring in the veterans of the Jingnan Army and have one-on-one conversations.

After such a noisy morning, Alvin was already very hungry. He took nine accomplices and lined up in a neat queue to receive the meal.

Alvin brought the plate to several Saxon ladies, and saw that the lady first took a bowl of barley porridge with onion shreds. The porridge was sprinkled with wild vegetables and fermented soybeans, followed by a large glass of milk and two hamburgers stuffed with pork.