Iron Sonata of World War II

Chapter No.16 Indirect Liquefaction

In May 1922, another fine spring day, at the Max Planck Institute for Coal Research in Mülheim an der Ruhr, chemists Fischer and Tropsch started busy work again.

"Hey, the catalytic efficiency is still not good." Toropsi couldn't hide his disappointment. "Looks like we'll have to experiment with the next catalyst," Fischer said wearily, seeing that another hard work in vain was also a blow to him.

"Mr. Fisher, Mr. Tropsch, we have your visitors!" The announcement outside the door interrupted their thoughts.

……

An hour later, Fischer and Toropsch returned to the laboratory, "You said they really found the best catalytic method?" Fischer said. "I don't know, but they said they have applied for a patent, which shows that their method is at least feasible." Toropsch replied. "We should at least verify it," Fischer said cautiously.Just do it, the two immediately got busy.

……

Two weeks later, the test results came out. When Fischer and Tropsch followed the method given by the visitor, the clean synthetic gas (CO+H2) made from the desulfurization and decarbonization of crude gas was passed through the "iron-zinc oxide - Potassium oxide" catalyst slurry, the first batch of hydrocarbon compounds was obtained very quickly. After testing, the content of hexadecane in the reaction product even exceeded 100, and it was almost free of sulfur and aromatics, which was extremely suitable for processing into high-quality diesel fuel!

According to Fisher's words: "Even if the highest-grade low-sulfur sweet oil (sweet oil refers to high-quality crude oil with a sulfur content of less than 0.4%) extracted from the Middle East by the British Empire, use the best crude oil in the UK at present The refining process and the quality of the refined diesel are completely incomparable!" This result made the two chemists both extremely excited and dejected.I am very excited because the project I have studied painstakingly for many years has finally succeeded, and I am dejected because the glory of success does not belong to me.

A few days later, Fischer and Tropsch saw the visitor again, and according to the visitor, the catalytic method was "accidentally" discovered by an unnamed person, the discoverer It has been decided to build a pilot production plant in Leipzig to promote the industrialization of this result.Since the previous research results of two chemists are needed for the links other than catalysis, two chemists are going to be recruited. The two chemists can not only get a high salary, but also invest in technology.

Do the two chemists have a choice at this time?Fischer and Tropsch looked at each other, signed the "deed of sale" prepared by the visitors in advance, went back to pack their luggage, and rushed to Leipzig excitedly to take up the post.On the way to Leipzig, Toropsch asked Fischer with some regret: "Why didn't we have such good luck, and 'accidentally' discovered such an effective catalytic method?"

Someone "accidentally" discovering a new catalytic method is of course non-existent, but it is true that someone "accidentally" crossed over.At this time, Helena was overjoyed that she had kidnapped the two great gods.

Fischer and Tropsch are none other than the inventors of the "Fischer-Tropsch reaction" and the founders of the indirect coal liquefaction technology. In the original historical plane, they will make preliminary progress in 1925. results.

When it comes to coal liquefaction technology, we have to mention two technical routes of direct liquefaction and indirect liquefaction.

The so-called direct liquefaction is to pulverize coal and react with hydrogen under high temperature and pressure to obtain liquefied products.This technical route was invented by German chemist Derich Burgess in 1913.

The so-called indirect liquefaction is to first react coal with water vapor and oxygen to produce crude gas, then purify the crude gas to obtain a mixed gas of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and then let the mixed gas react under the action of a catalyst to generate hydrocarbon products.

Indirect liquefaction has several advantages over direct liquefaction:

The first is that it is more suitable for the production of diesel (direct liquefaction products are more suitable for the production of gasoline); the second is that the quality of the fuel produced is extremely high (it is trivial to meet the National Sixth Standard); the third is that compared with direct liquefaction, it requires high temperature and high pressure, and indirect The reaction conditions of liquefaction are relatively mild; fourth, it can be adapted to almost all types of coal, unlike direct liquefaction, which is only applicable to a few types of coal such as lignite.

If I have to say the disadvantage of indirect liquefaction, it is that the oil yield per ton of coal is a little less than that of direct liquefaction.But indirect liquefaction can produce high-quality lubricating oil and paraffin at the same time, which can completely make up for the defect of less oil produced per ton of coal.

In the original World War II plane, because there was no more efficient catalytic method, Germany's coal liquefaction mainly followed the technical route of direct liquefaction, and the output of indirect liquefaction was only a few hundred thousand tons.

The catalytic method given by Helena is not to copy the achievements of Fischer and Tropsch in history, but the result of further improvement of "Fischer-Tropsch synthesis" after the war. Not only the catalytic efficiency is much higher, but the catalyst consumption is much higher. Also much less.No wonder the jaws of the two chemists were shocked.Although this catalytic method is not very complicated, it is indeed the crystallization of countless chemists' painstaking efforts for decades!After all, there are thousands of catalytic methods, and finding the best way to adapt to industrial production is really like looking for a needle in a haystack.

In the original history, the indirect coal liquefaction technology started nearly 20 years later than the direct liquefaction technology, and the time to shine was later than the direct liquefaction technology. Under the influence, the coal indirect liquefaction technology may be staged a good show. Of course, the direct liquefaction technology will not end here. After all, indirect liquefaction is very suitable for producing diesel, but it is more troublesome to produce gasoline, and it needs superheating process to improve it. antiknock ingredients.

Helena predicts that the two technical routes of direct liquefaction and indirect liquefaction will still complement each other like the previous plane, and will coexist for a long time.

Chapter No.17 Betting Big

In May 1922, a German company named "Settlement Consulting Company" was established in a low-key manner. Due to the large number of such consulting companies in the market, the opening of this new company did not attract more attention.

However, this company is not as simple as it seems on the surface. This company was actually jointly led by the German Army and Navy, and the German Army and Navy held as much as 60% of the shares!On the surface, the company's business is investment management consulting services, but its real function is to enable Germany to bypass the "Treaty of Versailles" and inject capital into R&D companies located overseas!

At this time, Helena had to feel the inertia of history.In the last plane, this company was also established by the German Navy three years later in 1925, with the purpose of injecting capital into the aforementioned "Ship Construction Engineering Bureau".However, there are still some changes in this plane, and there are two biggest changes:

One is that compared with the last plane, the army and navy played their own games. In this plane, under the matchmaking of Helena, the commander-in-chief of the National Defense Forces Hans von Seckert and the commander-in-chief of the navy Paul Behnke reached an agreement , to jointly inject capital into the company.It has to be said that due to the existence of Helena, Sektor and Behnke, two characters who had little contact with each other in the previous plane, have become quite good friends in this plane, provided that the question of how to cut the cake for military expenses is not discussed.

The second is that due to the active participation of the Army, the settlement consulting company has brought in much more funds than the previous plane. more closely related.In addition to the military aristocracy such as the Junker landowners who wanted to break free from the shackles of the Treaty of Versailles, the German bourgeoisie also had the same desire.

However, since the main business of the "Settlement Consulting Company" is investment business, this sheep head must still be hung up. This is not only to cover up its real purpose, but also to attract investors more tightly with generous investment returns. Bind to the thief ship.

Soon, an excellent investment opportunity presented itself.

In July 1922, the Weimar German government requested an extension to pay the indemnity of the Treaty of Versailles due to financial crisis.The Germans' request to postpone the payment of reparations was strongly rejected by the French right-wing government, so a crisis began to brew.

According to the original historical trend, on January 1923, 1, France and Belgium would send troops to invade the Ruhr area, an important industrial area in Germany, on the grounds that the Germans did not fulfill their obligations to pay reparations. The German government adopted a passive resistance attitude and stopped paying reparations. Industrial and mining enterprises and government departments in Seoul went on strike, and the losses were paid by the German government. At the same time, Deutsche Bank frantically printed money in the form of debt monetization.

The result of this round of mutual harm is very serious.Let’s look at Germany first. Due to the loss of the output of important industrial areas, the already shaky German economy collapsed in an instant. The price has increased by 1923%!Inflation is unbelievably high.

France is also having a hard time. Due to Germany's passive resistance, France cannot obtain minerals and industrial products from the Ruhr area.So France had to send people from the country to the Ruhr area to resume production. Of course, this method was extremely inefficient. Coupled with the various overt and covert sabotage activities of the Germans, the wealth France obtained from the occupied area could not even offset the investment. As a result, France's finances have also been dragged into crisis.To make matters worse, out of the unwillingness of France to dominate the European continent, the two former allies of France stabbed France in the back at this time, and the Anglo-American capital shorted the franc with all their strength, causing France to explode like Germany In the wake of the financial crisis, the exchange rate of the franc almost collapsed.Poincaré's cabinet, which advocated being tough on Germany, had to step down in the midst of scolding in France.

After exhaustion on both sides, France and Germany had to reach a settlement.The Ruhr crisis in history was a conflict that hurt both sides. Although Germany suffered more in terms of economic damage caused, France's international status was severely weakened, while Germany's international status was weakened because of Britain's efforts to balance the power of the European continent. The need has risen. With the adoption of the Locarno Convention in 1925, Germany resumed normal relations with other major powers and returned to the international arena with a relatively equal attitude.

Helena, who is familiar with this period of history, decided to play the big ticket. The general idea is to use French money to cheat the French:

The first step is to borrow German marks from French financial institutions engaged in foreign exchange business (including some British and American banks) at higher interest rates (it doesn’t matter how high the interest rate is, anyway, once the Ruhr crisis breaks out, the mark will collapse, and only A pile of waste paper needs to be returned, and the cost of borrowing is infinitely close to zero).

The second step is to convert the borrowed mark into US dollar and British pound assets, and use this as collateral to borrow more francs from the French bank through high leverage, and at the same time place a large amount of empty orders in the franc forward market.

The third step is to wait for the financial and economic crisis in France, sell francs with Anglo-American capital and buy U.S. dollars and pounds. If the Anglo-American capital does not move, they can also take the initiative to attack.

The fourth step is to wait for the franc to fall in place, and after the pre-buried empty orders are harvested, exchange a small amount of dollars and pounds for the francs that have fallen into dogs, and return them to the French bank that lent the francs.

The fifth step is to return the mark that has become waste paper to the financial institution that originally lent the mark to France.

When this shocking conspiracy plan was proposed, the big Junkers and big capitalists who participated in the investment of the "Settlement Consulting Company" were well-informed, and they were also stunned by this profitless business. They could have stuffed an egg in their mouths, but soon their surprised expressions were replaced by greed.

After some weighing, the greed of human nature finally defeated the fear of risk, and after a round of looking at each other and nodding, the matter was settled.In fact, Helena's plan looks very risky. In fact, the only condition for its implementation is that the French economy and the German economy must die together.For the Poincaré cabinet in France, which relied on the right wing to come to power, being tough on Germany is an inescapable political curse. That is to say, as long as France is still in power, the Franco-German crisis is inevitable!

On the way back, those capitalists and Junkers even thought that if the French suddenly softened this time and the Franco-German reparation crisis failed to intensify, they would also encourage the German government to intensify the crisis.Although some of their interests will be damaged if the German economy collapses, compared to the big cake in front of them, that loss is just a drizzle, and there are still a few months to further reduce the potential loss.

Although Helena has deep sympathy for the common people in France and Germany, they are still unaware of an impending economic disaster. By the time they realize it, many people's life savings may have been wiped out!But the wheel of history is unstoppable, even the traversers can only follow the trend to fight for that chance of survival.

Moreover, Helena knew that although the Ruhr crisis had dealt a heavy blow to the economies of France and Germany, the essence was still an economic crisis triggered by the international political crisis. Once the political crisis passed, the economy would return to the right track.In fact, the Ruhr crisis was just a breeze compared to the economic storm that engulfed the entire capitalist world a few years later.

Chapter 18 The Ruhr Crisis

Looking out the window at the cold street in January 1923, Raymond Poincaré, the new general manager of France, was in a bad mood.

A few months ago, Raymond Poincaré, who has always advocated a tough approach to Germany, just forced Briand to resign as general manager by attacking Aristide Briand's easing policy towards Germany.Poincaré, the veteran politician who was the general manager of France before the war and served as the president of France during World War I, finally got his wish for the second time and won the position of general manager.

However, the Germans seem to have no face for the new president who held high the banner of revenge against Germany before World War I. The indemnity that was still barely paid in the Briand era is not enough now. The reason for the Germans is very simple. Very real, very bachelor, just two words: "No money!".

You know, just after taking office as the general manager, Poincaré declared in parliament: "The top priority facing France is the issue of reparations. Germany has the ability to pay reparations, and the allies have a way to force him to pay the reparations in full." Lai felt that the German's move seemed to have slapped him on the cheek, which was hot and painful.

What made Poincaré even more angry was not that the Germans reneged, but that the allies who had fought side by side with France in the same trenches in World War I-Britain and the United States did not stand by France this time either.Especially the United Kingdom, not only did not support France's use of tougher means to claim compensation, but also suggested that France reduce Germany's compensation amount!The anger of being betrayed by his allies almost burned Poincaré's sanity, and even Poincaré's favorite set of porcelain from the East had been shattered to pieces in the roar of the general manager.

As a political veteran, although Poincaré is a banner of France's hardliners against Germany, he is by no means a pure reckless man. After calming down a little, he also knows that there are huge risks hidden in blindly being tough on Germany at this time:

On the one hand, in terms of diplomacy, in 1922, Germany had just resumed diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union through the Treaty of Rapallo, and the diplomatic environment improved greatly.In order to prevent France from reappearing the glory of dominating the European continent in the Napoleon era, and to prevent Germany from falling completely to the Soviet Union, Britain and the United States strongly opposed France's use of any excessive and tough measures against Germany.

On the other hand, in terms of internal affairs, France at this time is not as optimistic as it seems!On the surface, the post-war recovery of the French economy is not bad. In the past 1922, French industrial production was close to the pre-war 1913 level.But the French economy has two Achilles' heels: a fragile finance and an unstable currency.The war caused France to owe huge foreign debts, including 39.91 billion US dollars owed to the United States and 30.3 billion US dollars owed to the United Kingdom.The huge foreign debt made France's finances have to rely on huge deficits to barely maintain. In the last plane, the French fiscal deficit was as high as 1919 billion francs from 1925 to 1750!The huge fiscal deficit and excessive currency issuance caused high inflation and currency instability in France.

However, seeing the risks does not mean that Poincaré will change his choice. In fact, he has no choice.

First of all, Bismarck had a famous saying in the Second German Empire: "Politics is the art of possibility." Poincaré and the French right-wing forces represented by him have long been kidnapped by the ever-strengthening image of being tough on Germany. The possibility of a political solution to international problems is eliminated.

On January 1923, 1, France united with Belgium and sent 11 troops to occupy the heart of Germany's heavy industry - the Ruhr Industrial Zone, on the grounds that Germany did not fulfill its obligation to pay reparations. The Ruhr crisis that shocked the world broke out.

According to Poincaré's prediction, the Ruhr area is the heart of German heavy industry. As long as the Ruhr area is occupied, the German government will soon resume paying reparations.Even if the German government does not pay compensation, the rich raw materials and heavy industrial output in the Ruhr area can make up for the deficit in the French treasury.

It's a pity that the fortunes are not as good as people's calculations. Poincaré guessed the beginning but not the ending.

……

The French and Belgian troops marched into the Ruhr area without any organized resistance, and everything seemed as normal as it could possibly be.But soon, the French and Belgian armies discovered that something was wrong: the young and middle-aged men in the entire Ruhr area seemed to have disappeared collectively, and the rest of the entire Ruhr area were all old, young, women and children!The factory that should have been spewing billowing black smoke, and the coal mine that should have been resounding with the roar of the excavator, are all quiet now, as if they have been forgotten by the world.If it weren't for the old gatekeepers lazily roasting the fire in the reception room of the factory, the Franco-Belgian soldiers would have thought that they had come to the legendary ghost town!

So the French and Belgian soldiers began to think in a daze: Why did the heart of the famous German heavy industry become like this?Is all this a lack of humanity or a loss of morality?

It turned out that in the last plane, after the Ruhr crisis, the German government adopted the method of "passive resistance" to encourage local workers to strike, and the wages were paid by the government.

As a result, Helena complained in front of investors who participated in the "settlement consulting company", isn't it a waste of labor for the government to pay workers to stay at home and do nothing?Why not use the money to let the workers dig holes?

The largest of all the pits dug was the Kiel Canal expansion project. In the 20s, the Kiel Canal that had just been expanded before World War I began to be insufficient again. The bottom width was 20 meters and the depth was 44 meters. It has become increasingly difficult for large ships.The goal of this expansion is to have a base width of 11 meters and a depth of 55 meters, which can pass giant ships with a displacement of more than 15 tons.

The industrial population in the Ruhr area is basically in the hands of several major cartels, and the degree of organization is very high. Under the coordination of the government and the industrial capitalists in the Ruhr area, within ten days, there were more than 60 young and middle-aged people in the Ruhr area. The male labor force was transported out of the Ruhr area by the government using various means of transportation (trains, cars, horse-drawn carriages and even feet), and went to dig pits across the country with the wages given by the government.

So the previous scene appeared. What the Fabian occupying army got was such a Ruhr area where the young and middle-aged male labor force was evacuated.A Ruhr area with neither production nor taxes.

For Helena's idea of ​​working for cash, the industrial enterprises in the Ruhr area expressed high praise, because the government said that as long as they are willing to share part of the workers' wages, they can get a part of the income rights of these new projects, which can make up for their A portion of downtime losses.

But it is estimated that no one knows that Helena’s original idea was actually: After the Kiel Canal is dug, the German design battleship will not have the constraint of draft in the future, so there is no need to design the core cabin so flat (Bismarck’s core cabin was compressed. Then the flat is partly because of the dome armor, and partly because the water depth of the Kiel Canal limits the draft of the warship).

Chapter 19

As in history, France's occupation of the Ruhr area brought Germany's heavy industrial production to a standstill, and Germany's tax revenue was also hit hard. In order to cope with the huge government expenditure, the Deutsche Bank's money printing machine began to run at full speed. Mark, who had already plummeted due to panic, immediately started to rush towards the road of waste paper.

However, France is not feeling well either. From the Ruhr area, which was completely shut down, France failed to get a carload of coal or a ton of steel, but had to pay a lot of occupation fees for this.In addition to the withdrawal of German administrative staff and the strikes, France had to send administrative officials to the local area, which added a large amount of administrative expenditures in addition to military expenditures.The current Ruhr area has become a huge financial black hole, devouring France's stretched financial resources.

France and Germany have thus entered a war of attrition that hurts each other!

……

Germany is willing to be killed, but also to drag the French economy off the horse's bachelor posture.It made French general manager Poincaré very angry, even a little wronged.In order to make up for the financial deficit caused by the occupation of the Ruhr area, Pungalice had to transfer personnel from the country to the Ruhr area to resume production.However, what Poincaré did not expect was that France's economic problems not only did not improve, but became more serious.

Why does this happen?This brings us to the problem of labor shortage in France.If you want to ask what France lacks most after World War I?The answer is neither resources nor land, but labor!

In the First World War, the French army died 131.5 million and disabled more than 280 million. The labor force lost 136.5 million due to other reasons, and the total number of young males lost reached 550 million.The total population of France is only 4000 million, which means that the war caused the loss of half of France's young and middle-aged male labor force at once!

The domestic labor force was already stretched, and Poincaré transferred part of the labor force to the Ruhr area to resume production, which directly led to the further aggravation of the labor shortage in France.Did the manpower sent to the Ruhr area get a corresponding return?Due to the unfamiliarity of French workers and technicians with German equipment, coupled with the destruction of the Germans before they left and the resistance of the locals, the work of resuming production was extremely difficult and slow.

All in all, labor, the most scarce factor of production in France, is being used extremely inefficiently in the Ruhr area.The extremely low input-output ratio increased France's financial burden, and the Germans' refusal to pay war reparations reduced France's fiscal revenue by a large amount.

For international capital, a country with increasing fiscal deficit, heavy international debt burden, and unbalanced trade balance is like a sick individual among wildebeest herds, and it is the best hunting target!After making a fortune shorting the Deutsche mark, British and American bankers set their next target on France, which is mired in the quagmire of the Ruhr area.

At this time, the British and American political circles were also extremely dissatisfied with France's occupation of the Ruhr area. Britain sent a stern note to France, demanding that France restore the state before the occupation, otherwise it would not support France on the issue of reparations.The United States also immediately expressed its support for the British position.

The politicians' need to curb France's domination of the European continent and the bankers' need to speculate and profit are in perfect harmony at this moment.

So everything that followed seemed so logical. On an ordinary trading day, the international financial market changed suddenly, and an astonishing amount of francs and French securities were sold off. All the support levels of the franc were disintegrated overnight. The panic further exacerbated the decline.The already volatile franc collapsed in a financial stampede.

If the Anglo-American capital is hunting the lions in France, then the German capital led by the German "Settlement Consulting Company" is the hyena following the lions. Following up, a one-sided massacre was launched on the French capital market.

Even Helena was shocked by the butterfly effect caused by the joining of the "Settlement Consulting Company" in the French financial market!Before the crisis, the "settlement consulting company" borrowed a huge amount of marks from the French banking system through foreign currency loans, and these marks were depreciated sharply because of the Ruhr crisis. The crisis of the mark thus infected the French banking system.The news that the bank's large amount of foreign currency loans turned into waste paper quickly spread, and immediately caused a run on depositors who had already become terrified!

In the beginning, only a few banks that lent German marks to Germany were run, but after one of the illiquid banks went bankrupt in the run, the panic run immediately spread like a plague to the entire banking system!

We must know that, as Russia’s financier during the First World War, French banks, large and small, had made a large amount of loans to Tsarist Russia. With the Russian Revolution, all these loans became bad debts.The Bank of France could have relied on the passage of time to gradually digest these bad debts.But now many banks will never have this opportunity.

So far, the French economy and the German economy have fallen into the abyss together, and it can be said that they have truly died together.

……

It's not just the economies of France and Germany that are dying together.There are also the Poincaré government in France and the Gounod government in Germany. In August 1923, the Poincaré cabinet that was able to persist until 8 in the last plane was declared toppled, and Wilhelm Gounod in Germany The cabinet also collapsed in the midst of a devastating economic crisis.

New to power are the French left-wing coalition and Germany's Stresemann's cabinet, both of which are relatively pragmatic in their diplomacy.When Britain once again called for an end to the Ruhr crisis, the exhausted governments of France and Germany stepped down immediately. In September 1923, France agreed to withdraw from the Ruhr area, and Germany agreed to pay reparations again.

At this point, the eight-month-long Ruhr crisis finally ushered in the dawn of a political solution.

Chapter 20 The Rain Is Coming

Although the Ruhr crisis gradually subsided, the troubles of the Weimar government obviously did not end so easily.Hyperinflation and mass unemployment still loom over Germany like two thick clouds.

No sooner had the new managing director Gustav Stresemann ended the Ruhr crisis than he set out to save the dying German economy.Specific measures include refusing to continue to issue banknotes without restraint, introducing real estate mortgage marks, reducing government spending, streamlining government agencies and increasing taxes.However, it will take some time for these measures to show results, so in the last months of 1923, the crisis is still spreading across the country, and popular discontent is constantly brewing.

At the end of 1923, two riots occurred in Germany, one was the workers' uprising in Hamburg, and the other was the beer hall riot.

First, there was the Hamburg worker uprising on October 1923, 10. For this uprising, Helena had no fluctuations in her heart, because Helena knew that the congenital deficiencies of the German Communist Party would be fully exposed in this uprising.

It is said that because the German Communist Party is too weak, it has to form a left-wing party alliance with the more powerful Social Democratic Party.But the coalition of left-wing parties is not united within.The Central Committee of the German Communist Party originally planned to hold a general strike across the country, and planned to launch an armed uprising based on Saxony, where the left-wing party was in power.As a result, this plan was strongly opposed by the Social Democratic Party, and the German Communist Party, which lacked the ability to act independently, had no choice but to withdraw the uprising plan.

However, because the German Communist Party organization in Hamburg did not receive a notice to cancel the uprising, more than 300 workers still launched an uprising according to the original plan.What happened next was no surprise. The uprising was suppressed by the military and police within three days.The Central Committee of the German Communist Party first acted rashly and aggressively, then hesitated and retreated, which directly led to thousands of people being arrested and sentenced, the Saxon left-wing government was directly dissolved, and the German Communist Party was forced to withdraw from the left-wing governments in Thuringia and other places. The results were lost overnight.

In this anticlimactic uprising, the KPD lost not only its power on the surface, but also its appeal among the revolutionary masses!Since then, the KPD has completely lost its leadership over the German Revolution.

The German Communist Party suddenly lost its appeal at the grassroots level, so it will naturally have the power to fill the vacuum in this political niche.As for whether this power is an angel or a devil, it is hard to say.

Sure enough, this power emerged quickly. On the night of November 1923, 11, Adolf Hitler, the leader of the Nazi Party, launched a coup in Munich, the capital of Bavaria, with the intention of overthrowing the government of the Weimar Republic.

The whole process of the coup can be described as quite child's play:

On the evening of November 11, when the upper class of Bavaria held a banquet in a beer hall in Munich, a group of armed Nazis suddenly occupied the venue, and then the party leader Hitler jumped on a chair, shot the ceiling, and then Hitler walked on The podium proclaimed: "The national revolution has begun!"

On the second day, thousands of Nazis first gathered outside the beer hall, and then marched towards the center of Munich. In order to strengthen their momentum, they also invited the famous general of the Second Reich - Erich von Ruden astor.As a result, they were stopped by the police at the Munich Opera Square. It is unknown who fired the first shot.Two days later, Hitler was arrested.

Although the beer hall riot is a history that Helena has known for a long time, when the history really happened in front of her, Helena still felt confused and helpless.Combined with the event that Mussolini seized power through the "Roman March" in Italy a year ago, Helena knew that the wheel of history had not shifted too much because of her appearance. After the "Treaty of Versailles" was signed, French Marshal Foch once blurted out: "This is not peace, this is a 20-year truce!" Judging from the current situation, a new world war is still brewing.

Helena knew that the First World War did not alleviate the international economic and political imbalance, but made it worse.

Helena also knew that this kind of international political and economic imbalance cannot be maintained for a long time, so the coming of the Second World War is inevitable.

But what kind of ending do I want World War II on this plane?In the past, Helena was very ostrich and refused to think about this problem, but now, the reality is forcing Helena to think about it.