Urban Superboy

(the first change)

after teacher Lou Shuguang entered the classroom, the noisy classroom immediately quieted down.

Mr. Lou Shuguang wrote two big "feudal" characters on the blackboard, and then faced the students, "I think you are very familiar with the word composed of these two words. Feudalism means the establishment of a nation. The ancient emperors divided the title and land to relatives or meritorious officials to establish states in their respective regions, that is, the feudal relatives used vassal screen. "

Lou Shuguang first explained the definition of feudalism, and then said:" many historians believe that the Qin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty is the real feudal society in Chinese history, which is the mainstream of contemporary historical views, but there are many Scholars do not agree with this. "

After talking about the definition of feudal society and the differences between historians and mainstream views, Lou Shuguang threw out the topic of bargaining in today's class: "today, students will speak freely and discuss the topic of feudalism. You can stand up and talk about any point of view."

Lou Shuguang finished speaking and stood on the platform with his eyes on the students below.

With so many students to listen to his class, he is certainly very proud, he also wants to make the class lively and interesting.

Interact with students and let them sing the leading role in class, which is the most important point that he thinks can make the class lively.

So after he talked about some content, he gave the initiative in class to the students and let them speak freely.

As a member of the learning committee, Li Xiaoyu was the first to stand up and express his own views.

What she said is the same as the mainstream view.

After saying those views, she added some of her own conclusions. For example, in the feudal society of China, landlords occupied the land, drove out the original landowners, and then leased the land to these landless peasants, who developed and cultivated the land themselves and paid the land rent.

She believes that the basic characteristics of feudal society are: first, in economy, private land ownership is dominant; second, in political culture, a highly centralized autocratic system; third, in culture, Confucianism as the core; fourth, in social structure, it is a patriarchal hierarchy combining clan power and political power.

Her views have not received a lot of applause. These views are basically the contents of the textbook, and there is no new idea.

"Cao Yue, Cao Yue," before Lou Shuguang called, many students looked at Cao Yue, and several others called together to ask Cao Yue to come forward and express their views. Many people came to listen to Cao Yue and wanted to hear his wonderful speech.

"Monitor, there are so many goddesses coming to class because of you. If you don't stand up and give some opinions, you can't say it," Wu Weiliang also stood up and clamored, and yelled at other students, "do you want to hear our monitor's wonderful opinions?"

"Caoyue, Caoyue," the neat and loud voice immediately rang, which was a hundred people shouting in unison.

"Cao Yue, we are waiting to hear your opinion," Lou Shuguang said with a smile, indicating that Cao Yue stood up to express his views.

Sitting beside Cao Yue, Zheng Han, Tong Weiwei, Xu Fei and Fengfeng also looked at him with hope.

Feng Feng, in particular, has a look full of curiosity and admiration. For the first time, she has come to listen to the history department, and her expectation is higher. During this period, she was interning in the hospital. Today, she specially asked for leave to listen to Cao Yue's class. She very much hoped to hear Cao Yue's shocking remarks.

Looking at these women's appearance, Cao Yue felt that if he didn't stand up and say something today, he would really be sorry for them.

He also stood up in the chorus of the students, "teacher Lou and the students have called my name, then I can't say anything without saying something, or there will be a beautiful woman looking for a brick to pat my head."

Cao Yue's words, immediately for a burst of laughter, there are several beauties around the collective white eye again.

"The embryonic form of feudal society was formed in the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. It officially began in 221 B.C. and ended in 1912 A.D., from the establishment of the Qin Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty. This is the consensus of many historians and the standard answer in textbooks. But I don't agree with this, "Cao Yue said as soon as he stood up." after the first emperor of Qin unified China, he abolished the enfeoffment system, and the Qin Dynasty carried out the system of prefectures and counties throughout the country. My view is that the Western Zhou Dynasty and the early Eastern Zhou Dynasty are typical feudal society, the early Western Han Dynasty can be counted, the early Ming Dynasty can be counted, and other dynasties are not feudal society. "

Seeing that countless Dao's eyes fell on him, Cao Yue continued to state his reasons: "everyone knows that the word" Feudalism "means" to seal the territory and build Princes ". Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty wrote" on feudalism ", which identified the Xia, Shang, Zhou and Han Dynasties as" Feudalism ". Obviously, the word "Feudalism" in "feudal society" is borrowed from this word. Judging by this standard, Zhou Dynasty was a very standard feudal society. After King Wu of Zhou destroyed the Shang Dynasty, he divided the whole country. In the following years, there were numerous small states, and the ruler was divided into king or marquis by the emperor of Zhou. This is the standard feudal society. In the early period of the Western Han Dynasty, it could be counted as the time when the kings were divided, but not later. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang also granted Wang Fan, but after the Yongle Emperor Zhu Di came to power, the "feudal" measures were also in name only. Therefore, I don't think it is correct to hold that the feudal society of China began in the Qin Dynasty and ended in the Qing Dynasty. Of course, this is only my own view, not to deny the judgment in the history textbook - I have no ability to do so. ""The Han Dynasty inherited the administrative division management system of the Qin Dynasty, which is different from the administrative division of the Qin Dynasty. Different from the administrative division of the Qin Dynasty, the system of enfeoffment was implemented at the same time. The enfeoffment included the Kingdom and the marquis. These two parallel systems were also called the" Prefecture system ". However, we all know that although the prefectures and counties were parallel in the Han Dynasty, they were still dominated by the system of prefectures and counties. Moreover, after the rebellion of the eight kings, the enfeoffment system was abolished, so it can be said that the feudal system basically disappeared after the unification of Qin Dynasty. From the beginning of Qin Dynasty, the monarchy was not the feudal system in China, but the monarchy system. "

When studying history, Cao Yue found it strange that Zhou Dynasty, the standard enfeoffment system, and Xia and Shang Dynasties, which had the embryonic form of enfeoffment, were strangely called "slave society" by historians. In the late Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the small vassal states were gradually merged into a large vassal state. After Qin State annexed six states, a centralized state with Prefecture and county system was established, and the enfeoffment was abolished. The society after this was called "feudal society".

The unified Qin Empire has abolished the enfeoffment system for the establishment of the state. No prince can be granted to establish a state on his own. "Feudal society" has actually died out. However, in our history textbooks, the dynasties that have abolished the enfeoffment system are called feudal societies, while the standard Shang and Zhou dynasties who "enfeoffment and build Princes" are called slave society or slave society A society transformed from a feudal society.

He didn't agree with this view, so after being named today, he stood up and expressed his own opinion.

Just as Cao Yue finished his own point of view, a sophomore from the history department came to listen and refuted Cao Yue's point of view. "The stages of historical development should be divided according to maks' historical materialism. The mainstream view divides slave society and feudal society according to the unification of Qin Dynasty. Excuse me, Cao Yue, do you think your knowledge is as profound as Ma KS and Ma Wei Ren? Why do you deny Ma Wei Ren and the views that have been written into textbooks? "

As soon as the student's big cap was thrown out, the whole classroom was silent. Everyone's eyes looked at Cao Yue and wanted to know how he refuted it.

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