Countercurrent 1982

"I want to know how many third-generation wireless communication technology patents your company has mastered?" Gerstner said to Duan Yun after thinking for a while.For many cutting-edge products in the world, the key technologies are often jointly mastered by several companies. Even big companies like Sony and IBM need to cooperate with some small companies in the research and development of certain products. This is actually the same as human beings. You can’t do everything perfectly well. There are specializations in the technology industry. For some less important parts and technologies, it’s best to find a professional company to do them.

In order to achieve the best product performance. In the 2G era, Europe's Duojiaqi jointly broke through the second-generation wireless communication technology. Although the final product was released by Nokia, in fact, all companies involved in the research and development of 2G communication technology can get a share from it.

A piece of the pie, among which companies with more patents can also have important voting rights to formulate rules, so as to formulate product rules that are beneficial to their own companies.Gerstner also knows that Tianyin Group does not have the ability to independently develop a new generation of wireless communication equipment.
Even so, it is almost impossible to complete the new generation of wireless communication technology independently.In fact, companies in the United States and Europe have begun to deploy third-generation wireless communication technology on a large scale, and even Gerstner himself has heard some news from the industry.
The competition in wireless communication technology is very fierce, and it can even be said to be on the verge of daggers.

On the US side, Qualcomm has been making every effort to deploy 3G communication networks, and has become the only US technology company that can rival Europe in the field of third-generation wireless communication.

In the 2G era, American CDMA lost to European TDMA, which indirectly caused Motorola to fall from the altar.

But Qualcomm does not give up. It has to be said that Qualcomm is indeed a ruthless character, and it is all-or-nothing on CDMA.

In order to prove that CDMA is easier to use than GSM, Qualcomm spent several years conducting field experiments, drive tests, and industry demonstrations. Qualcomm should not only make standards, but also make chips.When everyone's attention was still on TMDA, Qualcomm built a patent wall around technologies such as power control, co-frequency multiplexing, and soft handover, and applied for almost all related patents related to CDMA applications. From the very beginning, he
They plan to enjoy Lilan exclusively and strangle the necks of downstream companies.Qualcomm employs an extremely large team of lawyers who are responsible for applying for patents, negotiating patent prices, suing infringement, and collecting all CDMA-related patents through legal battles such as mergers and acquisitions and accusing opponents of patent infringement.
Come over and keep the core patents firmly in your own hands. This is also the source of Qualcomm's nickname of "patent troll".GSM in Europe is open. At that time, European operators shared intellectual property rights with equipment manufacturers such as Ericsson and Nokia, and did not charge patent fees.But Qualcomm is a company. They also embed the CDMA algorithm into the integrated chip. As long as the mobile phone uses CDMA technology, it must pay Qualcomm a patent fee of 5%-10% according to the sales price. This patent fee is not a one-time fee. , is calculated according to the number of mobile phones produced, it can be said to be a bully...

Wang Clause, in later generations, Chinese brands such as Xiaomi, OPPO, VIVO are still paying this fee. In 1994, Qualcomm and Motorola cooperated to establish the world's first "white mouse" CDMA network in Hong Kong, but the effect and service quality were too poor, not to mention the European operators' doubts about CDMA, Qualcomm's "protection fee"
"There is no place to collect it. This is also an important reason why early CDMA could not do GSM. As the technology matured, Qualcomm ushered in a turning point. In 1990, Qualcomm and the Institute of Electronic Communications signed a CDMA technology transfer agreement. 20% of the patent fee will be handed over to Korea Electronics
The Communication Research Institute, assisting its research, the South Korean government also announced that CDMA is the only 2G mobile communication standard in South Korea, and fully supports South Korea's Samsung, LG, etc. to invest in the commercialization of CDMA technology. At the end of 1996, the number of CDMA users in South Korea reached 100 million, proving to the market for the first time the possibility of formal commercial use of CDMA, allowing some operators and equipment manufacturers in the United States to regain confidence in CDMA technology, and also allowing Korean manufacturers to make their debut in the CDMA market.After that, Lucent and Motorola in the United States, and Northern Telecom in Canada all became supporters of Qualcomm, and CDMA entered the market in North America.
The largest supporter of A, built the first CDMA network in the United States in 1996.The U.S. government also tried its best to promote CDMA to China and asked China to introduce Qualcomm's CDMA technology.According to Zhang Guobao, the former deputy director of the State Planning Commission, “The U.S. government exerted a lot of pressure on China on the grounds that China
There is a trade deficit between China and the United States, and China is required to buy American technology. "

In the 90s, the amount of data became larger and larger, and 2G could no longer be used.With the rapid growth of mobile phone users around the world, the shortcomings of limited GSM network capacity are constantly being exposed. When network users are overloaded, more network facilities have to be built.In this context, it is necessary to integrate communication technology into
行升级到3G，3G最大的优点是更快的网速，2G的下载速度约仅9600bps-64kbps，而3G初期的速度则为300k-2Mbps，足足提升了30几倍。

At the time, none of the technologies proved to be superior to CDMA.

Powerful European manufacturers such as Ericsson, Nokia, and Alcatel know that TDMA is no match for the advantages of CDMA, and it is even more difficult for TDMA to be used as a 3G core technology, but no one wants to accept Qualcomm's domineering solution.In order to bypass Qualcomm's iron and copper walls, in 1998, Ericsson, Nokia, and Alcatel joined forces with European manufacturers to establish an organization called 3GPP (3rdGeion Partnership Project).

Discussion measures are responsible for formulating global third-generation communication standards.

On the US side, Qualcomm quickly formed 3GPP2 (3rd Geion Partnership Project 2) with South Korea to compete with 3GPP and launched CDMA2000.

At the same time, after experiencing the 1G blank and 2G following, the eyes came to China at this time, and several communication equipment manufacturers such as ZTE, Huawei, Julong, and Datang gradually developed.

At first, China supported W-CDMA in Europe. After being rejected, China also wanted to compete for some discourse rights in 3G. There is no unparalleled road, and China found a breakthrough: TDD technology.Tianyin Group's current third-generation communication technology is actually developed in this direction, and judging from the current situation, many key technologies have already made breakthroughs, and it is estimated that within the next one to two years, it will be completely possible. Launched third-generation wireless communication products that are different from those in the United States and Europe.