Xinshun 1730

Chapter 944
These are purely commercial issues in the pure, free trade sense.

Including the price increase due to the shortage of supply caused by the war, the Dashun monopolized the sales of some commodities caused by the British and French competition for India, and so on.

In addition to purely commercial issues, there is a very special place.

That is the rule of Nanyang, and the cost of rule in Dashun and the Netherlands is completely different.

Let's be clear first:
Southeast Asia belongs to the Dutch East India Company, not the Dutch government.

Nanyang belongs to the Dashun court, not the Dashun Western Trading Company.

From this came many differences.

The rule of the Dutch in Southeast Asia is all for monopoly and profit.

Dashun's rule and monopoly in Nanyang is just a by-product of the rule.

The monopoly of the Dutch East India Company in Southeast Asia requires the company to bear the full cost.

Dashun's monopoly in Nanyang, as a by-product of its rule, is supported by part of the state's finances.

And the navy, garrison, Guiyi army, and marines supported by this part of finance are not specially set up for Nanyang, but are a by-product of capturing India in the future and the land tax that the emperor wants to collect from India.

Now if you are idle, you still have to pay the military salary, and by the way, you have a violent monopoly.

Non-company employees of the Dutch East India Company, VOC did not welcome them to Southeast Asia.

What are you doing here?Come to be a private businessman and share the company's profits?To be a smuggler?
Southeast Asia belongs to the company, not the Dutch government.

Therefore, [-]% of the sugar cane plantations in Batavia are operated by Chinese; [-]% of the trade between islands is conducted by Chinese; [-]% of the intermediaries between companies and indigenous people are operated by Chinese.

Non-company employees in the Netherlands complained that the governor of Batavia was too kind to the Chinese and too bad to the people of his own country. It is not a magical incident that has never happened.

The population of the tribe is insufficient, and the media of the middle class are more guarded, which in itself is a factor that greatly increases the cost of governance.

Nanyang belongs to Dashun, not Dashun Western Trading Company.

The court of Dashun encouraged the people to go to Nanyang, otherwise they would stay in the mainland, and the people and the land would have conflicts. They were going to let the harmless and idolized King Ping Ping come out of the world again?

Hurry up and go to Nanyang, the more you go, the better, as long as you can go, you will be given any policy, anyway, the policy does not cost money.

The population of this ethnic group is huge, and they basically control the middle and upper links of the economy, so the cost of ruling is much lower than that of the Dutch.

Private traders in the Netherlands have the ability to ship goods to Europe for sale.

Private merchants in Dashun can only go to Dashun to sell in the country. Large companies with strong capital cannot stand up in Europe, so why should private merchants sell their products in Europe.

The Dutch East India Company's important source of profit is Nanyang.

Dashun's Western Trading Company, Nanyang is just an ordinary source of goods, and its value is not as good as tea shreds.

The Dutch East India Company must use strict measures to control the output of cloves and the like to ensure prices.Because the capital is not thick, it can only increase the unit profit.

Dashun Western Trading Company, with strong capital, wants to increase the output of cloves with loose means, so as to defeat the clove wood in Brazil in a price war, regain the European clove market, drive away the substitutes, and re-complete the monopoly of the European spice market.

In the eyes of the natives, the Netherlands is the Dutch East India Company, the thousands of garrisons, and the capital is Batavia.

Nanyang is China's traditional sphere of influence. In the eyes of the natives, Dashun is a huge empire from the Western Regions to the Whale Sea.

The Netherlands in the eyes of the natives, and the fleet that the Dutch boasted that they had crossed the Atlantic Ocean, would not exist if it could not come.

So it can be resisted and has a chance to win.

In the eyes of the aboriginal nobles, the Dashun cannot be resisted and cannot be won. Resisting the Netherlands means that you only need to capture Batavia; while resisting the Dashun means that you need to capture the Dagukou and bombard the Forbidden City, otherwise you will be defeated. To face Taishan overwhelming revenge.

Especially the Celestial Dynasty, which has just conquered Japan, seized Nanyang, and showed off a wave of force, and has heard too many names for thousands of years.

The difficulty of psychological decision-making between the two is different.

The garrison of the Dutch company is not only the "guard soldiers" but also the "Beijing battalion".

It is impossible to fight a big battle, and the limit scale of 5000 people makes it often necessary to fight for seven or eight years for an uprising or a resistance.

Dashun Company has no garrisons, and the garrisons in Nanyang are the garrisons of the imperial court, and they are just garrisons.Dashun's real field force has a different scale.

If a large-scale noble resistance broke out, the regular field troops could be assembled quickly.Dashun doesn't need to tear down the east wall to make up for the west wall, just borrow the field troops from Guangzhou and Ceylon.

The cost to the company here is very different.

The Dutch East India Company must raise soldiers, but it cannot raise too many soldiers, otherwise it cannot afford it.

The Dashun court must raise soldiers, even if they are not used on weekdays, they must be raised.

Today there is a war in Nanyang, and the soldiers from Ceylon, Guangdong are transferred there. The company only needs to pay for the expenses of mobilizing the troops, and does not need to pay for the maintenance of soldiers on weekdays.

It can't be said that if it is not used on weekdays, the court will stop raising soldiers.

The real bulk of the military expenditure is to keep soldiers on a daily basis—this is precisely the reason why the Dutch East India Company chose to squeeze them to the limit.

In the eyes of the Dutch East India Company, Nanyang is a colony where everything is for profit.

Nanyang in the eyes of Emperor Dashun and the imperial court is the pressure relief valve for Dashun's stability.

As long as Nanyang can guarantee a sufficient population of 28 people going down to Nanyang every year, the saved ruling cost will be much better than the little bit of oil and water squeezed by means of fishing out of the marsh. Last year, the flood in northern Jiangsu cost 70 yuan for disaster relief. [-]. Grain [-] shi of rice, exempt more than a dozen states and counties from taxation for three years, and mobilize [-] troops to prevent accidents.

The Dutch East India Company considered how to make money.

The Dashun court considered how to save money.

Especially the money for disaster relief and stability maintenance, which is the vast majority of almost all of Dashun's financial revenue.

For the Dutch East India Company, making money is making money.

In the Dashun court, saving money means making big money.

Due to various differences, there is a strong contrast in the surrounding area of ​​Batavia, in West Java, the place where the Dutch originally ruled and was taken over by Dashun.

In a way, it's even hilarious.

"Advanced", "free", "commercial", "progressive", "capitalist" Holland, around Batavia, the most backward, serfdom variant, regressing to slavery" Forced Plantation".

The so-called "backward", "centralized", "small farmers", and "feudal dynasty" Dashun are carrying out radical and most laissez-faire capitalist land reforms around Batavia and West Java: Free trade, private ownership of land, taxation per mu.

Of course, this is called "Juntian" in Dashun's dictionary.

Because according to Dashun’s idealized governance model, or the inertia created by history, Dashun’s idealized governance model for conquered areas is as follows:
Juntian.

The registered household is Qimin.

Li is in charge of collecting taxes.

The government rules.

There were no gentry, local nobles to stand in the way of ruling.

Form the vertical pattern of the emperor—six governments—local officials—Lizheng Baojia—small farmers.

Including the mainland, this is also an idealized way of governing.

The problem is that the gentry class in the Mainland is deeply rooted and unable to move.

According to some sayings at this time, it is called "the imperial court has eaten the feces of gentry in the Central Plains for 1000 years, and if they go to Nanyang, they will suffer from the bird's anger, and then eat the feces of Nanyang chieftain?"

The feces of the gentry in the mainland, anyone who is an emperor has to eat it with his neck stuck, and he can't do without it.

Now in Nanyang, there is neither the bureaucratic relationship of the imperial examination background nor the land occupation of the founding meritorious service. There are hundreds of thousands of Chinese people, most of whom are at the bottom.The few high-ranking Chinese who can enter and leave the former Governor's Mansion in a carriage are not trusted at all.

The imperial court didn't even have to think about it, and the most drastic land equalization reform came directly with Wandan.

The most difficult relationship to deal with is that you have me and you have me.

The easiest relationship to deal with is a group of outsiders, who should be killed and arrested, simple and rude.

The magistrates came from the Imperial Examination or the Wude Palace. When you come here to see, who are these gentry and nobles who recognize this Wandan?

I can't find a relationship.

Confucianism education since I was a child, if you can be well, you can be well, but if you can't, you can only shout slogans in the mainland. Finally, you have the opportunity to try it here.

A large number of young people from Xinxue background are now adults, all of them can read and write, but cannot take the imperial examination.

Due to the factors of social instability, the emperor wished that they would all get out and go to Nanyang to be petty officials and give them a job.

It should be said that the West Java model in the eyes of the Dashun court, from their perspective, is a variant of the retro Western Zhou feudal system in the sense of Confucianism.

A large number of young people with practical education are scholars and are out of production.

The Chinese in and around the city are Chinese.

The local aborigines are savages.

It's just that it can't be well, but evenly.

Taxes go up to the government, and the government distributes them to these "scholars" as salaries to ensure that they are free from work.

The people of the country are the basis of the rule, and they can be armed and incorporated into the army at any time, and there are also a large number of families who join the army and get the privilege of tax relief.

Scholars replaced the original local nobles, priests, landlords, etc., and exercised jurisdiction over the "savages", mainly collecting taxes, settling disputes, persuading farmers and teaching farming.

Weirdly, this mod works surprisingly well.

Not only is the taxation in the Banten area sufficient to ensure the salary expenditure of these extra "scholar" officials, but the taxation efficiency is much higher than that in the mainland.

The people are also quite supportive.

Even small businessmen who do business are very happy, because after the land reform, the sales volume of goods in the Banten area is much higher than that in other places.

The imperial court was also very happy, because not only the balance of payments was ensured, but there was even a lot of surplus.

Of course, there must be unhappy and unhappy, but unhappy and unhappy, such as the original local nobles.

It's just that he either died or was sent to Ezo to do hard work.

But this model also frightened those gentry in China who love dragons, Ye Gong, who shouted "retro-true Confucianism", and those who can do well but can't do well.

The emperor also had to come forward and publicly stated: Nanyang is different from Guinei, and the Nanyang model will definitely not be used in Guinei.

People with a new background can only work as officials in Nanyang, or go to the company to find work. They will never open new departments or occupy existing official vacancies.

But now that Banten's attempt has been successful, it can be promoted in the Dutch-ruled West Java region that Dashun took over.

Replace forced plantation with land tax.

To replace rent in kind with currency tax.

At the tax rate of one whip, labor labor is abolished, and the money raised for labor is included in the mu tax.

It should be said that the Wandan model is the complete model of many reforms that started with Wang Anshi's reforms in the Song Dynasty, followed by the one whip method in the mid-Ming Dynasty, and then after the founding of Dashun.

No gentry restraint.

There are no local bureaucrats and gentry, so outsiders can use the extreme violence at the time of the founding of the country.

Enough non-natives and "marginalized" educated people of non-landowner origin.

Good shipping conditions and markets monetize the tax.

Dashun's own excellent handicraft foundation has directly disintegrated the family sideline business of small farmers here.

The land is fertile enough, the climate is good enough, and the amount of land per capita is sufficient.

Policies are carried out extremely quickly, while currency taxes collect paper money.

These factors have made this a complete small-scale peasant economic demonstration reform area that Dashun, Ming Dynasty and even Dasong wanted to do but failed to do.

The implicit premise of this kind of reform is naturally that the land belongs to the state, not to the village community or the nobles. Otherwise, why pay taxes to the government?
And this premise, in essence, was to disintegrate the old land system in the Banten area overnight by violent means, and also laid the foundation for Dashun to rent out land to build plantations.

This overnight is actually the foundation laid by the Dutch before.

The commercial activities of the Dutch have brought the village land economy here to the brink of collapse.

It's just that the Dutch insisted on adopting the forced planting system in a reactionary way, while Dashun pushed forward with its own ruling inertia.

And this is inevitable.

Because it is impossible for Dashun to give Nanyang to a certain company, Nanyang belongs to the imperial court.

It is impossible for the imperial court to adopt the forced planting system. The imperial court is not used to this method at all, but is more accustomed to collecting land taxes after dividing the land.This is dominance inertia.

The population of the Dutch here is insufficient, and it is impossible to engage in this kind of vertical direct rule, only indirect rule.

The population of Dashun is quite sufficient here, and the redundant marginalized literate population has also been made very sufficient by Liu Yu more than ten years in advance, so they can completely rule directly.

To put it differently, Dashun’s reforms in Banten were based on the idea of ​​the idealized Northern Confucian School of Evening Fields.

It is also an advance version of the Java reform that the British tried to implement in Java 70 years later, but was ultimately rejected by the board of directors.

The biggest difference is that in the reform conceived by the UK, the head of the local village community serves as the spokesperson of the government.

In Dashun, a large number of new students who could not take the imperial examination acted as the spokesperson of the government, directly canceling the meaning of the existence of the village head of the local village.

From the point of view of the guiding ideology, both are based on the principle of laissez-faire economics.

In essence, after all, Dashun's own handicraft production capacity is the only one in the world who is qualified to use this guiding ideology to guide the construction of the colony.

Dashun had enough confidence to exchange the remaining products of West Java with ironware from the north, cotton cloth from southern Jiangsu, groceries from Guangdong, porcelain from Jiangxi, and silk from Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and obtain enough profits.

At the same time, Dashun has experienced the general situation of changing rice to mulberry and changing fields to grow tobacco in the country. Because of the concern about the food problem, the local officials have repeatedly gone to the sparse, trying to get the attention of the court.

Dashun has experienced it, so he understands that there is no need to worry about it here. Farmers will naturally plant the most profitable products. Not only will it not affect the output of trade products in Nanyang, but it will increase output compared to the forced planting system.

Whether it is Daming or Dashun, it is the most "excellent" laissez-faire template-because of the high yields of land and lending, about 9 tons of silver that flowed into China from the Ming Dynasty to Europe, America, Japan, etc. land.

It is completely in line with the theory of laissez-faire, the invisible hand directs all the money to land and financial lending.

The absolute freedom to buy and sell land, coupled with the inflow of silver every year, coupled with the strange low tax rate of [-] one tax, even throwing away the state-intervened flat sale law and the market exchange law, and then a radical "foreign currency as the country's national currency" The silver tax reform of "currency" is simply a perfect match for the laissez-faire model of laissez-faire.

Therefore, the Dashun court, which has experienced local officials’ constant appeals to strictly guard against such things as “changing rice to mulberry” and “changing fields to grow tobacco”, although they don’t understand these economic terms, they are actually very clear about the prospects for reform in West Java.

If coffee indigo is profitable enough, these people will naturally grow coffee indigo.

If it does not make money, it proves that Dashun failed to develop in the European market.

Anyway, if you want to make money, Dashun naturally has no shortage of handicrafts that can be exchanged for these things.

Moreover, for VOC, Nanyang is the property of the company, and it is enough to extract as much as possible.

For Dashun, Nanyang belongs to the imperial court, and the people who do handicrafts in Guochao also belong to the court. Of course, it is hoped that Nanyang can also benefit these common people who do handicrafts.

That being the case, why not change it like this?

Dashun has its own national conditions here, so how can we continue to use the old system of the Dutch company?
(End of this chapter)