godfather of surgery

Yang Ping received daily inspection reports from Song Zimo and Xu Zhiliang. The reports mentioned Maninstein's grand plan-head transplant surgery. Unlike many other doctors who claimed to do head transplants, Maninstein was serious. Grandstanding and eye-catching, he has a detailed plan and he is overcoming every technical problem in the plan.

After get off work every afternoon, Yang Ping gathered everyone in the demonstration classroom to study the inspection reports sent back by Song Zimo and Xu Zhiliang, indirectly broadening their horizons and increasing their knowledge.

If you study in advance like this, when Song Zimo and Xu Zhiliang come back to give lectures, everyone will not be unfamiliar with them, and the learning effect will be better.

Yu Shuilian's husband brought everyone a packed dinner, and everyone listened to the report while eating. The report was read aloud by Zhang Lin and Xiao Wu in turns.

The special box lunches provided by the Institute of Surgery are very generous and taste good. They are much better than those outside. Everyone ate them with gusto.

This kind of scene can often be seen in surgical institutes. Everyone is very eager to learn, and "involution" is serious. No one dares to fall behind. If nothing happens, everyone gathers together to study, discuss, and train. In this environment, there is no progress. All difficult.

Xia Shu, Dr. Jin and Dr. Wen gathered together as "laggards", and Zhang Lin Xiaowu often studied and trained together. The three of them also followed Zhang Lin Xiaowu's example and formed a team, which made learning very exciting.

It has been a long time since he had eaten the work meal sent by Shuilien Bakery. Xia Shu has not ordered a meal on WeChat. Ever since the head nurse Cai helped him order a meal when he first came here, Xia Shu has not ordered a meal by himself, including breakfast. Everything was clearly arranged by the head nurse. If the head nurse didn't help him make arrangements one day, Xia Shu would probably be very uncomfortable. In terms of life, he was always a person who was afraid of trouble.

These inspection reports were all written by Xu Zhiliang. Every place visited was introduced in detail, including text, photos and videos. The information was very rich.

When visiting Maninstein's laboratory, everyone immediately felt how luxurious the team learning conditions were. This kind of world-class laboratory can be visited at will.

However, when everyone saw Song Zimo and Xu Zhiliang in the video, they did not look like they were studying, but guiding work, so everyone immediately realized that their surgical research institute and supporting laboratories are not top-notch in the world.

Spinal external fixation, precise epiphyseal block technology, skin amplification technology, 13 CNS articles, the top online journal "Medicine", the world's sensational space guidance gene, and in vitro non-embryonic culture of muscles, none of these are the world's top academic achievements.

The great powers are themselves?

Everyone became stronger as they counted in their hearts, and finally found that they were the strongest.

Xiaowu replaced Zhang Lin and continued to introduce the inspection report. When Maninstein's head transplant surgery plan was mentioned, everyone was very curious.

In China, head transplant surgery is prohibited and violates basic ethical principles.

Regarding head transplant surgery, Yang Ping briefly introduced its history and current situation to everyone, so that everyone can understand the head transplant surgery more easily.

In fact, head transplantation surgery originated at about the same time as liver and kidney transplantation. As early as the 20s, Soviet scientists attempted head transplantation surgery.

They transplanted the head of one dog onto the back of another, creating a bizarre two-headed dog that only lived for three days after the operation. Because even if the blood supply of the head was connected to the recipient dog, the nerves in the dog's head could not be connected to the recipient dog. Since it was impossible to repair the spinal nerves, the Soviet Union later abandoned the experiment.

In the 24s, not to be outdone, Americans also used dogs to perform head-replacement surgery experiments. However, the survival time of American head-replacement dogs did not exceed hours. Later, many cases were performed with similar results. Through these surgeries, Americans also After accumulating some experience and lessons, we also believe that the central nerves of the spinal cord cannot regenerate. As long as the regeneration of spinal nerves is not overcome, head replacement will be impossible.

Later, sporadic doctors also tried head transplant surgery, especially a doctor in Italy who was very keen on head transplant surgery, but all ended in failure. As Maninstein said, there has been no breakthrough in spinal cord repair, and head transplant surgery is a meaningless farce.

The highly publicized head transplant surgery performed in China at that time was performed by an Italian doctor. In fact, what kind of head transplant was it to swap the heads of two corpses? This was at most a simple autopsy experiment.

With current medical technology, it is impossible for head transplant surgery to be successful. All head transplant surgeries are a farce. Some doctors use special glue to bond spinal nerves, which is simply a big joke.

In addition to the issue of spinal nerve regeneration and repair, there is also the issue of anti-rejection reaction. If the head is the main body, how many organs does the body contain? With current medical conditions, just taking anti-rejection drugs would kill people. The reverse is also true.

In recent years, Maninstein has devoted most of his energy to research on spinal cord injury repair. It turned out that he hoped to perform head transplant surgery. It was not known which nerve was wrong in Maninstein, but he actually became very interested in the head transplant experiment.

"Head transplant surgery is currently technically zero. Ethically, it is prohibited in most countries, and it is expressly prohibited in our country." After Yang Ping introduced the history of head transplant surgery, he summarized it in one sentence.

In fact, whether an operation can be performed is a technical issue, and whether it should be performed is an ethical issue.

Now the head transplant surgery has not started at all and has zero accumulation. The so-called head transplant surgery that is so noisy in the world has no technology at all.

"It would be great if the head transplant surgery could be successful. It would be a completely beneficial thing for mankind. No matter what the disease is in the future, as long as the head is healthy, there is hope that it can be saved. In the end, it will be a different body. Why do we still have ethical prohibitions?" I am very curious.

Yang Ping said: "We humans have lived on the earth for so long and have formed a profound set of basic ethical and moral rules. Relying on these ethical and moral rules, we deal with the relationships between people. This also reflects in a certain way why we are human beings. Why is it different from animals? In head transplant surgery, do you say that the body is the main body or the head is the main body?”

"Although the body accounts for a large proportion, the head is in charge of the body. Of course, the head is the main body." Another graduate student answered from the perspective of medical common sense.

"So if someone has a head transplant surgery, will the child he gives birth to be a head or a body?" Yang Ping asked everyone.

This problem is indeed troublesome. The idea comes from the head and the work is done by the body. Whose is the child?

Everyone was talking about it, and for a moment they really couldn't decide whose child this child belonged to.

Yang Ping continued to use some ethical medical cases in history to illustrate ethical issues.

"In the 1970s in our country, a hospital performed a testicular transplantation operation. The father's testicles were transplanted to his son. The operation was successful. Later, the son married a wife and had children. Whose child does the son give birth to ethically? This caused intense ethical discussions at the time, and testicular transplantation was later banned in my country."

This case made everyone think, yes, sperm is secreted by the testicles, and this testicle belongs to his father, then whose child is his? Or his father's? Controversial indeed.

"Let's go back to the person who has a head transplant surgery. Let's assume that he has to have his head transplanted by the same gender. If he is a man, after the surgery, his head and body both had a wife before the surgery. Which wife will he continue to live with?"

"Living with the head's wife? His wife is facing a stranger's body; living with the body's wife? His wife is facing a strange head and consciousness." Just as Yang Ping paused, everyone immediately started discussing who to go with. ?

Indeed, there are complex ethical issues involved, but I think the ethical issues of kidney transplantation and liver transplantation are not so prominent, so people don’t pay much attention to this aspect.

Everyone spent a little more time on the topic of head transplant surgery, and gradually gained a more comprehensive understanding of head transplant surgery.

Everyone worked hard and studied for about two hours. Finally, Song Zimo and Xu Zhiliang had a video call with everyone, saying that they would continue to inspect and the time of their return was to be determined.

Zhang Lin and Xiao Wu were so happy when they heard that Song Zimo and Xu Zhiliang were temporarily unable to come back to Europe.

When Song Zimo and Xu Zhiliang just left, they were a little worried, fearing that they wouldn't be able to cope with it. After these few days of adaptation, they felt that they could handle it completely, and they became much more courageous.

After the small study session, everyone went about their own work. Surprisingly, many people did not get off work and immediately ran to the training room to practice basic skills. There were Zhang Lin, Xiao Wu, Dr. Jin, Dr. Wen, and Xia Shu.

Yang Ping went back to his office to rest, and also read Song Zimo's private message to him. The private message contained things that were not convenient to mention in the report, such as Manstein's willingness to be Yang Ping's Nobel Prize recommender.

Yang Ping is still interested in the Nobel Prize, and he is very interested, because the three-phase long-term task of the system space is to win the Nobel Prize. If the task is completed, the system space can reward a computer with super computing power, which is very important to Yang Ping. Very important.

Yang Ping is a "profit-oriented" person. Since there is such a generous reward, why not fight for this Nobel Prize?

When the system assigned this long-term task, Yang Ping felt that the task was too difficult and a bit outrageous, and the possibility of achieving it was very low. After all, it was only given three years.

For something like the Nobel Prize, it does not mean that your scientific research results meet the award criteria. It is also affected by many other factors, including interference from human factors.

Now Yang Ping is fully confident in his own achievements. If Maninstein is asked to be the recommender for the Nobel Prize, with Maninstein's status in the medical academic community, it is 80% possible. If his academic achievements are combined with Maninstein's If your influence cannot win a Nobel Prize, then the Nobel Prize is of no interest.

Just do things that are beneficial. This profit includes long-term profits and short-term profits. Yang Ping is not interested in things that are not profitable. If there are no rewards in the system space, he really has no interest in the Nobel Prize. If you want to play, go and play. Anyway I am not interested.

As for Mannstein's application to repeat the spatial guidance gene experiment, Yang Ping also readily agreed.

The purpose of Yang Ping's research, from a high point of view, is to benefit mankind and promote the progress of medicine. He originally did not want to make money from these things.

But even if he doesn't make money himself, others will use his scientific research results to make money.

Therefore, Yang Ping did not want his scientific research results to become tools in the hands of those capital predators, nor did he want his results to be shelved, so he set up a company to serve his scientific research.

Any scientific research experiment must be repeated by others before it can be recognized by the world. Experiments that cannot be repeated will be considered invalid or false.

Technology must spread to benefit mankind, but must not be stifled or exploited by capital predators. Therefore, a balance must be struck between technology confidentiality and technology dissemination.

Fortunately, Yang Ping doesn't need to think too much about these matters. Tang Shun, the director of the laboratory, is a veteran in this field. He is not only a top researcher in the profession, but also good at handling these intricate relationships. He can mediate between the subjects of these relationships. He can do it with ease, maybe he has a talent in this area.

Regarding these two things, Yang Ping immediately replied to Song Zimo: Agree! What are you waiting for? Come back to discuss it and get it all done directly in Germany.

Yang Ping was very direct about this kind of thing, and he didn't waste time beating around the bush. If it works, it works, if it doesn't work, it doesn't work. People are waiting to come back to discuss it in Europe, so he takes off his pants and farts.

After taking care of this matter, Yang Ping saw that there was a new email in his mailbox, which was sent by Ivan.

Because Yang Ping refused Canada's invitation for surgery, Ivan could only complete the surgery on the daughter of a wealthy businessman in Sicily, Italy.

The email contained Ivan's surgical plan, which he sent to Yang Ping for Yang Ping's opinion. Ivan planned to first perform bone correction, then perform allograft facial transplantation or facial reconstruction on the face, and then perform skin grafting on scars all over his body.

Of course, many other soft tissues also require complex correction, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, etc.

Facial surgery is the most difficult and detailed, so Ivan prepared two plans, facial allograft transplantation and facial reconstruction. Facial reconstruction is the first choice. Facial allograft transplantation requires lifelong anti-rejection drugs and cannot be the first choice.

Ivan was very meticulous before the operation. In order to achieve the best final operation effect, his operation plan was very thorough. He conducted a thorough pre-operative color ultrasound scan of the facial blood vessels and nerves of the surgical object, and then marked them one by one as possible recipients in the future. Vascular use.

Because facial transplantation not only restores the contours of the face, but also restores facial sensation and movement so that normal expression can be restored.

In order to achieve the most perfect surgical effect, Ivan has drawn more than 3,000 surgical drawings, and now he has sent them all.

Who has time to look at this thing of yours? There are more than 3,000 pictures. It takes too much time to look at each one one by one.

Take it easy when you have time. It's not a life-saving surgery, it's just plastic surgery. There's no rush.

Now it's time to go home. Xiao Su's belly is getting bigger and bigger, and the due date is getting closer. Yang Ping wants to spend more time with his wife.

Before my son was born, diapers, clothes, strollers, etc. were all prepared by his friends.

Even the interest classes in the future will be taken over by Robert. This is not the most outrageous thing. The most outrageous thing is that even the child's godmother has been booked by Ning Qi. This girl is not even married yet, but she is rushing to be the child's godmother.