Kingdom of Heaven and Han

Chapter 480 Theory and Practice

The knowledge of the previous life always told Wang Xiaolie all the time that science must already exist, and the steps are clear, and there is no wrong step.The same is true of human society.Divided into several steps, climb up step by step.And there is only this pair of ladders, and it is impossible not to climb.

In this world, when I am the leader of an army, the more I think about it, the more I feel that such a statement is problematic.There is no way, everything has to start from the very beginning.Only by clarifying this truth can a stable political force be established.

Such a world is different from other worlds.Or it can be said that this is Wang Xiaolie's world.

Throughout history, human society has never been the same.In the real world, human society is not the same.To think that human society should be the same is just a hypothesis.

Clearing his throat, Wang Xiao said: "In the practice of human beings, by summarizing and adding some imagination, people have sorted out some regular knowledge about nature and people. Part of the knowledge, because of its wide applicability, is relatively It is more correct to call it theory. These theories are very important, they are a summary of human past practice and a prediction of the future. Learning these theories and using them to guide our practice is an important way for the development of human society. However, Just as we said before that concepts are defined by humans, the same is true for theories. They are summed up by humans, not inherent in the world. This kind of knowledge is different from Tao, and it is bound to be incorrect, but only an approximation to the real world.”

Seeing the audience below stunned one by one, it is obvious that they have no idea what Wang Xiaolie is talking about.Those who are still sober, take a pencil and memorize quickly.It doesn't matter if you don't understand, as long as you write it down, you will understand it slowly.

"Theories are not naturally correct. Don't forget this. If you forget it, you think what you have learned is the truth. If it doesn't match the facts, there must be something wrong with the facts. If you learn like this, you really have a problem. The theory is not really correct, and there must be some inconsistencies between guiding practice and reality. Therefore, the relationship between theory and practice is a big problem in our work.”

Many people think that there are too many things taken for granted in the humanities, while the natural sciences are rigorous.The theories of the humanities are not necessarily correct, and the theories of the natural sciences should not be doubted.Actually not.Most scientists are well aware that the theories they have learned are incomplete.It's just that under realistic conditions, there can only be this result.The work of scientists is to a large extent the subversion of previous theories.

In contrast, the theories of the humanities are often skeptical, and researchers in the humanities are very confident.They are confident that their theories are absolutely correct, and they angrily denounce skeptics who have ulterior motives.

To some extent, from the perspective of civilization, human beings have not yet been exposed to the truth.All theories, whether natural science or humanities, are staged.It's just a human understanding of the real world, an approximation.The development of science is to deepen this understanding, and this approximation is closer to the real world.

People live in the world, what we see, hear, touch, and feel is the real world.But summing up the real world and describing it to others, there are always some deviations from the real world.These deviations are summarized into the theory, and the world described by the theory is different from the real world, and has another face.

Many people can't understand this difference, and even think that according to scientific theories, rigorous reasoning is the real world.The past and future described by scientific laws are the reality of the world.

Actually not.

Human beings have archaeology, genetic theory, and evolutionary theory, which draws a map of human evolution.Some people firmly believe in this map, thinking that this is the truth of history.Safe to say, it's not.This is just the understanding of a certain stage of human beings, based on the reasoning and imagination of history based on these understandings.The development of science is to make this reasoning and imagination closer to reality, but it is not real.

According to the laws of physics, human beings have described the origin and development of the universe, and predicted the future of the universe.Is this true?no.The Big Bang is just a hypothesis. Although it is convincing, it cannot be said that this is the reality of history.

This is a limitation of the theory.When starting from the theory, the initial knowledge is an approximate understanding and description of the world.No matter what kind of reasoning may be exercised, approximations are no substitute for truth.

"Knowing that theory is not really correct, one should also understand the relationship between theory and practice. If it is not really correct, theory cannot truly guide practice. We use theory to guide, not just borrowing from other people and other places, and practicing on them The summary, let our practice have a roughly correct step. From this we know that practice is not the test and verification of theory, and practice is not the result of theoretical guidance. The process of practice is actually a revision of theory. Learn a In theory, only after practice can we become our own theory. Theory and practice are inseparable. Without theory, practice is blind. Without practice, theory is incorrect.”

"On Practice" believes that there is truth, and the truth is discovered through practice.From perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge, and from rational knowledge to guide practice, to transform the subjective world and the objective world.It is such a process, practice, understanding, re-practice, and re-recognition, and the cycle goes on and on to infinity.From the point of view of cognition, it is believed that there is truth, but the subsequent process has nothing to do with truth.

Wang Xiaolie doesn't know if there is truth, but at least at the stage he is in, truth does not exist.Practice is neither for discovering truth nor for verifying theory, practice is human society itself.The so-called theory is just people's summary of other people and other practices.Even if the theory is correct in other places, other people, and other things, it will not be correct for the practice that will be carried out.

Looking at the crowd, Wang Xiaolie said: "When we do something, we should find relevant theories. Based on these theories, we can formulate a plan of action. In the process of practice, we will inevitably find places that do not match the plan. Inconsistencies. In such a situation, you should first check whether there are any mistakes or mistakes in the practice process. After eliminating the shortcomings of practice, you must doubt the theory and plan. Do not find out that it does not match the theory in practice. Check, jump out and say that the theory is wrong. If you don’t have a down-to-earth and prudent style of work, and you can’t carry out the actual work seriously, it is a failed practice. For failed practice, it doesn’t matter whether the theory is correct or not. Practice mistakes are ruled out , and the place where it is different from the theory is the place where the theory should be modified.”

In this era, people have no concept of theory and practice at all.Listening to Wang Xiaolie talking about these things is like listening to heavenly scriptures.Some people who are used to it hurriedly write it down, for fear of remembering a word wrong.

Wang Xiaolie said: "In short, we believe that the Tao cannot be spoken. The Tao that is spoken is not the real Tao. It is not because of how mysterious the Tao is, but because we humans have limitations. The description of the world, or the understanding of other people's descriptions, there will always be deviations. This deviation, gathered in the theory, determines that the theory is incorrect. In the process of our practice, we must not ignore it because the theory is incorrect. Paying attention is not paying attention to the past practice of human beings. But don’t regard theory as an unchangeable truth. You should realize that theory is only to guide practice and be revised in practice. Only the theory that has been revised by practice is the correct theory. This correct theory will be incorrect again when the next practice is carried out. The relationship between theory and practice is like this. Practice should be guided by theory, but not bound by theory. And our practice, It’s not just about doing it, it’s about generating relevant knowledge.”

(End of this chapter)