I am the king of the dead

Chapter 686 Bookkeeping Currency
In the long table conference hall in the Songjiang Mansion, no one knew where Tang Xing had gone. The third prince and his grandfather were relatives of the emperor, and he was very skilled at sailing a single-masted flying wing boat. Go wherever you want.

Who can control it except His Majesty?

Just as they were talking, Xiao Huangmen reported that Tang Xing had arrived.

Tang Xing rushed in from outside the door, saluted while running, and said in a slightly hoarse voice: "The minister is here! See Your Majesty, is Your Majesty safe?"

"What did you do?" Zhu Qiyu asked calmly instead of exempting Tang Xing.

He was already considering whether to throw Tang Xing back to the capital.

Tang Xing's eyes were bloodshot, and his mouth was a little chapped. Mian Sheng needed to take a bath and change clothes. Although Tang Xing had taken a bath, he was still exhausted.

"The day before yesterday, I went out to sea thinking about catching a sailfish for Your Majesty, but I didn't catch the fish. I happened to see a nest of Japanese pirates, so I released the pigeons. I followed the nest of Japanese pirates and followed the navy for a trip. When I went ashore, I heard that His Majesty wanted ministers to attend the Salt and Iron Conference, so I rushed here."

"Please forgive me for your late arrival." Tang Xing explained hastily.

He also got the news after going ashore that he wanted to attend the imperial meeting, otherwise he would never go to sea. He knew that his son-in-law only liked a bite of fish, and he had been persuaded by Yu Shaobao once because of dried salted fish.

This flattery, isn't it just a matter of doing what one likes?

Zhu Qiyu was taken aback, and said: "I am very safe, Tang Aiqing is flat, the sea is rough and the waves are rough, Aiqing has worked hard, sit, sit, sit, sit down and rest."

"How was the result of the Pingwa war?"

Tang Xing stood up and said with a smile on his face: "There are 27 Japanese pirates, more than 140 pirates, and three boats. Hey, we will catch them all in one go."

Tang Xing stretched out a hand and squeezed it hard, indicating that he really caught everything in one go.

After Tang Xing was seated, he continued: "By the way, I have also caught the merchant that His Majesty wanted, that is Ye Zhongxing who was dredging the Caijiabang section in Hengliaojing."

"This guy is also unlucky. He was caught by Japanese pirates as soon as he went to sea. Looking at him in silk and satin, he thought he had caught a big fish, but in the end he was so poor that he couldn't squeeze out any oil."

Zhu Qiyu couldn't help nodding, and said very satisfied: "Okay, okay, everyone is here, let's start."

In the conference hall with long tables, the atmosphere has become much more harmonious, and His Majesty's mood has become extremely better because of Tang's command to pacify the Japanese.

His Majesty has extremely flexible moral standards for disrespect in front of the palace.

If you go to eat and drink and delay the imperial meeting, it is basically the end of sending coal to the coal mining company of the coal and iron factory. If you go to Pingwa, then not only will you not be punished, but you will also be praised.

Tang Xing has a very amazing passive skill, which is to spot Japanese pirates.

Tang Xing was able to spot the Japanese pirates in a timely and accurate manner at the post station outside Yanzhou Mansion, in Mizhou Shipsi, and in Ryukyu.

You say he is lucky, he always meets Japanese pirates, you say he is unlucky, he always meets Japanese pirates.

It can only be said that Tang Xing has an indissoluble bond with the Japanese pirates.

Zhu Qiyu knew that he didn't go too far for Tang Xing's freedom, but that Tang Xing was still doing his best to be loyal to Daming when he couldn't see it.

Wei Guogong Xu Chengzong, Wen'an Hou Daming Shaobao Yuqian, Governor of Songjiang Li Binyan, Governor of Songjiang Prefecture Chen Zongqing, Commander Ma Yun of Fandu, Eunuch Lin Xiu of the Internal Shipping Depot, Lang Zhong Wang Hu of the Ministry of Household Affairs, and Wang Xi, General Manager of the Saddle Factory, Right Minister of the Ministry of Industry[jǐn] , Lei Juntai, General Office of Songjiangfu Shipyard, and others participated in this salt and iron meeting.

"At present, the shortage of circulating currency in Ming Dynasty has caused the Winter Order. When I was in the capital, I have already made many arrangements, but the harm of the Winter Order is getting worse. I will hold the Salt and Iron Conference this time to solve the problem caused by the shortage of circulating currency in the Ming Dynasty. Winter Prelude." Zhu Qiyu cut to the chase, explaining the theme of the meeting.

The ministers whispered softly.

"The Winter Preface is that Ming Dynasty is in a state of superposition of relative surplus and absolute scarcity." Zhu Qiyu threw out a sentence first, which confused all the officials.

This is actually the expression of the dialectical relationship between opposites and unity. Zhu Qiyu used this kind of speech more than once, and everyone sitting here is the dragon and phoenix of the Ming people, but he was still a little confused for a while.

Ma Huan, Minister of Honglu Temple, first expressed doubts and asked: "What is the superposition state of relative excess and absolute scarcity?"

Since Zhu Qiyu wanted to hold this salt and iron meeting, he naturally made sufficient preparations. He said: "Last winter was very cold, and a kiln worker in the Xishan folk kiln lost his job."

"His son asked him, why didn't he burn the stove? The kiln man said: because there is no coal at home."

"The son asked again: Why is there no coal? Isn't my father a coal digger? The kiln man said: The family has no money, and I am unemployed."

"The son asked again: Why are you unemployed? The father replied: Because there is too much coal."

"The coal in the Xishan folk kiln is piled up like a mountain, but the kiln people have no coal."

"On the one hand, there are countless orders that cannot be completed in the major workshops in the south of the Yangtze River. The craftsmen are working day and night. On the other hand, a large number of craftsmen are unemployed, and countless skilled craftsmen cannot find jobs."

"It's relative excess and absolute scarcity."

Why relative surplus?Because of the lack of currency in circulation, the goods are stuck in the workshop.

Why absolute scarcity?Because there is not enough currency in circulation, goods cannot flow.

This kind of relative surplus and absolute scarcity, the most typical one is unsalable milk that has to be dumped along the street; the other is the poor waiting for relief.

Zhu Qiyu looked at the still puzzled eyes of the ministers, and continued with a smile: "In our Ming Dynasty, it appears as a carnivore such as the nobles, gentry, rich merchants and wealthy businessmen of the Ming Dynasty. Rats would starve to death even if they entered the rice vat, and the common people sold their sons and daughters to survive the calamity."

"The people of Ming Dynasty may not be able to go to the Goulan to listen to music in the fireworks world after saving money for a lifetime, but meat eaters can spend their money day and night in this tile house."

Zhu Qiyu's words were changed to the context of Daming, and the officials suddenly realized that there was nothing new under the sun.

This is the relative surplus and absolute scarcity of Ming Dynasty.

Doctrine is not mysterious. Doctrine is the extension and proposition of theory.

Capitalism is a theoretical extension and proposition that advocates all social activities, with the private possession and proliferation of capital as the core.

Did the Central Plains Dynasty have no doctrine?
The theories and propositions of various schools of thought, with the ultimate goal of building an ideal country and a world of great harmony, are very complete, and their extensions and propositions are also consistent.

The predicament of the Ming Dynasty was the transformation of the small peasant economy into a commodity economy and the establishment of large-scale free employment labor relations.

The key point of this dilemma is currency.

"Daming is really too big." Zhu Qiyu continued: "My lords, if Daming is ten times smaller, we brought a lot of goods from the West, and then transported these goods to Japan for gold and silver. Ming dynasty."

"Will Daming still fall into the predicament of shortage of circulating currency?"

"will not."

The exploration and discovery of the routes to the Americas and the East Indies, and the expansion of global trade resulted in the acquisition of countless products from the Americas and the East Indies. The most important thing is that a large amount of gold and silver were invested in the circulation field, and finally many small countries in Europe were completed. The transformation of the small-scale peasant economy established a large-scale free-employment labor relationship.

This is the predicament of Daming. No matter how much gold and silver comes to Daming, it is like entering the belly of gluttony. Although it is already the country with the largest number of gold and silver holders in the world, it still cannot meet the circulation needs, and the small-scale peasant economy cannot Complete the metamorphosis.

Zhu Qiyu still owes 80 years of casting money debts.

The phenomenon, problem, and reason have all been found. What about the solution?
Yu Qian frowned and said, "How much gold and silver does Daming need for a land with 2000 million households and a population of [-]? Could it be that Daming has always been so short of money?"

"Is it enough to hollow out a Japanese country?"

"If the banknote method is not safe, I thought it was because the printing of the old banknotes was poorly anti-counterfeit, and the counterfeit banknotes became popular, which led to the corruption of the banknote law, but what I have seen and heard today is not the case."

"Difficult."

The corruption of banknotes began at the beginning of Qianyin and Jiaozi in the Song Dynasty. When it came to the treasured banknotes of the Yuan Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty, history repeated itself like a reincarnation.

The law of banknotes has been corrupted again and again, and it seems to be caught in an endless loop.

Zhu Qiyu said with a smile: "What Yu Shaobao is worried about, Daming actually has a solution, it's just that you didn't find it."

As soon as this remark came out, Yu Qian, Li Binyan, Xu Chengzong and others stared at His Majesty with suspicion.

Daming has given a solution, where is it? !
Zhu Qiyu took out the price list from Huihui Pavilion, and said: "During the transaction of Huihui Pavilion, I found out that after the merchants of Ming Dynasty and Luzon confirmed the price, they would pay a part of the deposit in advance, and then After waiting for the delivery, the settlement is in progress."

"In this process, bookkeeping occurs."

"Besides, in the case of Qu's family, I found out that the acceptance from the Civil Credit Bureau was heavy, inconvenient to transport and easy to be robbed. For the delivery of private commercial goods, I used the acceptance from the Civil Credit Bureau. It is convenient and very convenient. Safety."

"In this process, bookkeeping also occurred."

Zhu Qiyu talked about two phenomena in Daming, these two phenomena are Zhu Qiyu's summary.

The ministers looked at His Majesty in bewilderment. These two phenomena did lead to bookkeeping.

But what does it have to do with solving Ming's Winter Preface?

"Accounting currency is the solution to the money shortage in Ming Dynasty." Zhu Qiyu mentioned a concept.

Wang Bingfu, the director of Baoyuan Bureau, reacted immediately and said: "Actually, the receipts and tickets issued by Baoyuan Bureau are the accounting currency!"

Wang Bingfu frowned and said: "Your Majesty, this bookkeeping currency is essentially a kind of creditor's right. Whether it is acceptance or price list delivery and acceptance, it is actually a kind of creditor's right contract for delayed payment!"

"The ticket of the Baoyuan Bureau is also a contract for delayed payment!"

"Of course." Zhu Qiyu took a look at the fat Wang Bingfu. King Xiang had lost weight, but Wang Bingfu was still so fat, and his head was still so flexible.

Indeed, money of account is money that expresses debts, prices, and general purchasing power.

Accounting currency is a medium of exchange, and its function has the basic properties of general equivalents.

Wang Bingfu asked in fascination: "Then what is the difference between the bookkeeping currency mentioned by His Majesty and the imperial silver coins and Jingtai Tongbao?"

Zhu Qiyu had expected that Wang Bingfu would ask this question, and quickly replied: "The accounting currency is a name, and the imperial silver coin and Jingtai Tongbao are real. If the real thing remains the same, there is no comparison. If the real thing changes, the difference is different." of great significance.”

This relationship is like the relationship between Emperor Daming and Zhu Qiyu in name and reality. Emperor Daming is now Zhu Qiyu, and Zhu Qiyu is Emperor Daming.

But after Zhu Qiyu abdicated, the name of the Great Ming Emperor remained unchanged, but the physical appearance of the Great Ming Emperor had changed.

Zhu Qiyu thought for a while and then explained: "For example, a merchant in Daming signed a contract with a merchant in Champa and bought [-] shi of rice. If the good rice is delivered, the bookkeeping currency will naturally be equivalent to currency."

"But if this Champa merchant is shoddy, then the real thing has changed, and the bookkeeping currency and currency will not be worthy of the name."

"At this time, the imperial government needs to intervene."

Wang Bingfu is still at a loss. He still has some doubts about the difference between bookkeeping currency and currency. As the head of Baoyuan Bureau, if he can't figure out the difference, then there is no way to talk about the new monetary policy.

Zhu Qiyu glanced at Wang Bingfu and said, "Let's put it this way, if we deposit [-] silver coins in your Baoyuan Bureau, and when we go to get them, you can't accept them."

"You will lose your head, and your whole family will be exiled to Yongning Temple. Do you understand me?"

Wang Bingfu suddenly realized, couldn't help but shuddered, bowed his head and said: "I understand."

Accounting currency is a contract. If the contract cannot be fulfilled, the judge, that is, the law and the government, will be required to forcibly pay.

The imperial court is the object of collective consensus, and it is also a functional department that maintains legal and public rights.

The imperial court had the power to compel the payment of items corresponding to the names contained in the contract.

The court also had the power to decide and announce which objects would be worthy of the name, and to alter the objects occasionally.

This is the proper meaning of the imperial court in the accounting currency, the power to maintain the smooth conclusion of the contract and enforce the contract.

The imperial court has absolute power in the bookkeeping currency system, so it should assume corresponding obligations.

For example, a businessman in Songjiang prefecture ordered a three-masted ship at Daming Shipyard. The delivery was originally scheduled for one or two years, but the ship was not delivered. Investigate the problem, if Lei Juntai has a problem, ransack Lei Juntai's house and solve the problem.

Zhu Qiyu and Wang Bingfu talked so much about the relationship between fame and reality, but in essence they were talking about rights and obligations.

The Songjiang Shipyard did not deliver the ship, and the court turned a blind eye and refused to investigate the problem vaguely. It only thought that the limelight had passed, no one was making trouble, and the big and small things were turned into small ones, so they just enjoyed it. rights, but not obligations.

If the world is out of order, the effectiveness of bookkeeping currency will disappear.

"The foundation of accounting currency is still gold and silver." Zhu Qiyu said conclusively: "Gold and silver are naturally not currency, but currency is naturally gold and silver."

"We cannot introduce money of account if we do not have enough gold and silver."

The money shortage of the Central Plains Dynasty has always plagued the development of all dynasties, and the banknote method came into being.

However, the private printing, pirated printing, and excessive printing of the banknote law have led to the failure of the banknote law to become a stable legal tender.

In fact, the reason is very simple. Between the casting of gold, silver and copper coins and the banknote method, the development process of this bookkeeping currency is missing, and the construction process of a silver-based currency system is missing.

"Then how to implement it?" Wang Bingfu asked full of doubts.

　Ask for a monthly pass!

　　
　
(End of this chapter)