I am the king of the dead

Chapter 687 Yinzhuang should not be a sharp blade

Why can accounting currency solve the money shortage in Ming Dynasty?

Why can the bookkeeping currency be built on the silver standard of the Daming banknote method?
Because once the Ming Dynasty determined the use of bookkeeping currency, two types of bookkeeping currency would inevitably be produced.

The first category is calculated according to the bookkeeping currency, including agreed quotations, contracts and debt certificates;

The second category is the currency itself, which is consistent with the bookkeeping currency. The completion of currency delivery means the termination of the contract or the payment of debts.

The first type of bookkeeping currency calculation can effectively alleviate the currency demand of Ming Dynasty, because in the settlement process, no matter what the purpose is, the debt certificate itself can replace the currency.

As for the absorption of deposits by the Daming Baoyuan Bureau, the tickets issued are the first type of bookkeeping currency, that is, debt currency.

Zhu Qiyu explained in detail the two categories of bookkeeping currencies.

The courtiers have gradually understood the core logic of bookkeeping currency. With the base of the imperial silver coins issued by Daming and Jingtai Tongbao unchanged, a large amount of debt currency that only exists on paper is the best way for Daming to solve the winter order right now. Method.

"Your Majesty, is there any difference between debt currency and banknote law?" Yu Qian sat up straight and asked.

Zhu Qiyu immediately said: "The debt currency itself is a certificate, not an official currency, that is, imperial silver coins and Jingtai Tongbao."

"The Daming Banknote is an official currency."

"In order to use bookkeeping currency on a large scale, the official roads of Ming Dynasty must be extremely smooth. Relying on the acceptance of Baoyuan Bureau relying on Shuimayi, it is the most important thing in the construction of large-scale bookkeeping currency."

Wang Bingfu finally understood how to implement the bookkeeping currency.

The well-connected water horse station in the Ming Dynasty is the key to realizing the bookkeeping currency. If the bookkeeping currency is to be used in the world, it is necessary to establish the Baoyuan Bureau Yinzhuang in the place where the water horse station goes. In this way, the bookkeeping currency Implementation becomes a matter of course.

The Guandaoyi Road is the canal through which Daming Department Stores and money flow. The smoother and wider this canal is, the faster the development of Daming's commodity economy will be.

"I don't have any doubts anymore." Wang Bingfu said with emotion.

As His Majesty said, Daming had actually given the answer, but they were not as sharp-eyed as His Majesty, able to find the answer by separating the fake from the real from the phenomena that are alluring and fascinating to the eye.

Your Majesty is indeed worthy of being the Minister of the Ministry of Household Affairs of the Ming Dynasty, No. 1 in financial affairs in the world.

Li Binyan has been silent all the time. Ever since His Majesty proposed the bookkeeping currency, Li Binyan has been thinking about it. When His Majesty said that he would use Daming's well-connected water horse station to establish the Ming Dynasty's Baoyuan Bureau bookkeeping currency system, Li Binyan frowned. wrinkle.

He thought of a serious problem, that is redundancy.

Although Li Binyan didn't want to disturb the joyful atmosphere of the long-table conference hall, the Salt-Tie conference itself was a form of discussion and there were no taboos.

He said: "Your Majesty, at present, the number of officials in the Baoyuan Bureau of the five major cities of Mizhou, Songjiang, Ningbo, Zhangzhou, and Guangzhou has exceeded [-]. , to what extent will the officials of Ming Dynasty swell?"

Redundancy will greatly increase the number of meat eaters, and will form a close interest group.

The imperial courts of all dynasties have faced the problem of redundant staff and imposed extremely strict restrictions to prevent excessive administrative costs and damage the imperial court's financial affairs system.

Daming should guard against redundant staff, because Daming's financial affairs are still very fragile.

As soon as Li Binyan said this, there was a lot of discussion in the long table conference hall.

"What Li Aiqing said is very good." Zhu Qiyu gave Li Binyan an approving look.

Li Binyan's worries are not unfounded.

Daming’s redundant staff is different from that of the Song Dynasty. The problem of redundant staff in Daming is mainly reflected in the fact that the princes and heirs of the vassals are endless. Supporting the vassal kings puts great financial pressure on the local area, and the land of the gentry who is affiliated with the vassal prince’s mansion makes Daming’s taxes base shrinks further.

In the tenth year of Wanli, after Zhang Juzheng's death, countless clan relatives went to the capital to file a complaint, weeping bitterly, saying that Gao Gong and Zhang Juzheng were the same breed, and that the ancestral salary owed to the clan for 20 years had not been paid, and the young Emperor Wanli made up the ancestral salary once. Later, it was discovered that Daming was unable to pay the clan's salary.

On the other hand, under the circumstances that the official selection of officials continued to shift to the hereditary system, Ming's tax base further shrank.

The huge Baoyuan Bureau's bank law will inevitably breed corruption. If the officials of the Baoyuan Bureau loosen their hands a little, they will cause countless bad debts.

This is also the reason why Wang Hu and Lin Xiu started accounting after Zhu Qiyu came to Songjiang Mansion.

It is a luxury in itself to count on the spontaneous incorruptibility of officials.

Zhu Qiyu looked at Li Binyan and said, "Is there any good way for Li Aiqing?"

Li Binyan thought for a long time and said: "If Baoyuan Bureau is really going to be promoted to the world, then the master of Yinzhuang should be promoted, at least he should be a fourth-rank Beijing official."

"Secondly, it is to reduce the storage interest to support the huge bureaucrats of the Baoyuan Bureau."

Baoyuan Bureau itself also has profit means such as loans and handling fees, and can also make investment profits through planning and provinces. It can be said that it is the largest source of fiscal revenue besides Zhengfu and official factories.

The interest rate cut may be able to feed the appetite of the huge bureaucrats of the Baoyuan Bureau.

Wang Hu, head of the household department, said at the same time: "Cutting interest rates can increase the liquidity of money to a certain extent, and storage can be turned into investment or consumption."

For a long time, in the eyes of the officials of the household department and the eunuchs of internal funds, it is strange that the Ming Dynasty's bank deposits should be paid by the court.

The imperial court paid you money and people to keep the money for you, but they still want to give you interest?
How can there be such a good thing in this world?
If it weren't for the existence of the seigniorage tax of the Military War Bureau, this payment of interest would have been brought up a long time ago.

Li Binyan continued: "In addition to the main business, Yinzhuang in various places should be officials, which can also effectively reduce the number of officials."

Li Binyan's idea is similar to the Keqing system. After the profits of the silver villages in various places are retained, they pay the salaries for recruiting the officials of the silver villages, just like the officials of the county government in various places.

When Lian Gang went to Sichuan to investigate the first case, he found that there were more than 7000 yamen servants in Baxian County, Sichuan Province in the Ming Dynasty, divided into inner-class officials and outer-class officials.

Although the officials in the inner class are not in the top class, they are also members of the government, and most of the employees in the outer class are recruited from the private market, and many of them are inherited from generation to generation.

Some of the servants rely on the power of the government, curry favor with the superior officials, and join forces with bad actors and officials to extort money and harm civilians.

Yu Qian shook his head and said: "Nowadays, some companies are doing a lot of anti-things, or using the excuse of destroying the rich and rich, for fear that the rich will not be poor, and the city's tyrants are given wings to make them swallow good things. I think it is inappropriate. "

In the Jitou case, the [-] yamen servants raised by Baxian County were not just for food, but under the guise of destroying the rich and powerful, they did harm to the village.

The outside shift worker in Ba County was named Li Sanyuan, nicknamed Huang Zhu, and he was a serious murderer. After turning a blind eye, Li Sanyuan slipped through the net and escaped from prison after killing someone.

After escaping from prison, Li Sanyuan made friends with bandits in the mountains and forests, made friends with the government officials, received heavy bribes, and finally became the leader of the outsiders.

It is a common practice for shopkeepers in Baxian County to pay three taels of silver per year. Li Sanyuan also secretly set up regulations outside the city gate, arbitrarily collected taxes, and repeatedly robbed women and girls in the street, causing a lot of murder.

In the wicked feudal society, it is not uncommon for such bullies to appear.

"Restricted personnel, pass the regular examination? Of course, the masters of Yinzhuang in each prefecture and county should be dispatched as ninth-rank Beijing officials." Li Binyan said tentatively.

Yu Qian nodded and said, "Good."

After the first case was settled, Daming conducted an inspection of the number of government servants in various counties, limited the number of people, and conducted regular school examinations. Only then did this problem be alleviated.

Only then did Li Binyan continue: "The third one is the private sector such as the People's Credit Bureau, money shops, banks, and exchange shops. Are they allowed to operate exchange, lending, supply, and issuing meeting tickets?"

When Zhu Qiyu heard Li Binyan say this, he was also happy, shook his head and said, "It's just that I don't allow them to operate, so they won't do it?"

Since the private printing, piracy, and misprinting of banknotes in the Ming Dynasty, and the corruption of the banknote law, the Daming has already substantially relaxed the ban on gold and silver. Because of the Baoyuan Bureau, the furnace has not been used for a long time to mint money, and 2000 million coins are minted a year. Leading to a huge amount of private money.

Copper coins are of different weights and colors, and the price comparison between Tongbao, private money, and flying money is very different. There are many types of coins, such as gold backs and spiral edges. And so came into being and developed rapidly.

In the 13th year of Zhengtong, King Jili once issued an order to prohibit the sale of copper coins, but the owners of the money shops made a private agreement to close the money market, so that the price of goods soared, and the people complained, forcing King Jili to take back the order.

One size fits all is a typical lazy government. Zhu Qiyu has been using imperial silver coins and Jingtai Tongbao big and small coins to sort out all kinds of chaos in currency.

In fact, the Ministry of Household Affairs requested more than once to approve the establishment of a money shop, which is the legal beginning of the money shop. The wealthy households in the town will act as the bankers, and they will buy silver coins from the government to facilitate transactions according to their funds.

Li Binyan's meaning is roughly the same as that of the household department.

Yu Qian has no objection, he is especially good at the system of the state, and the existence of folk money shops is beneficial to the development of Ming's Yinzhuang. Absolute power will inevitably lead to absolute corruption. This is a complementary relationship.

Li Binyan's three strategies are a good way to alleviate the redundancy of the Daming bank.

The salt and iron meeting was just a discussion, and to come up with an executable plan, it still needed Daming to cooperate with labor relief and the leveling and hardening of official roads and post roads.

Zhu Qiyu sat up straight, and said seriously: "Nicolaoz, the envoy from the far west, and Hu Yi, Minister of Rites of the Ming Dynasty, discussed the Roman currency when they sat down and talked about it."

Rome, the only country in the West that can be called an empire that no longer exists.

"Caesar obtained the power to make gold and silver coins from the Senate, and then Octavian perfected it. In the Temple of Jupiter in the Roman Forum, gold, silver and copper coins can be settled and accepted."

"The long street leading to the Great Temple is covered with pure gold floor tiles. Everyone who has been to the Great Temple marveled at the strength and wealth of the empire, and handed over the gold and silver in their hands to the Great Temple for safekeeping. .”

Zhu Qiyu felt that Nikolaoz was bragging. According to Nikolaoz's description, the long street leading to the Great Temple was nearly eight miles long and three feet wide. How heavy should the gold bricks covering this road be?
Until the beginning of the nineteenth century, the total weight of gold6 in the world did not exceed [-] tons.

Of course, Zhu Qiyu prefers that Nikolaoz used exaggerated techniques to express the logic of Roman currency. After all, Nikolaoz has never been to Rome, and his capital is Constantinople.

The Great Temple of Rome absorbed gold and silver, and then used the absorbed gold and silver to mint silver dinars and copper aspens.

This is similar to Daming's Baoyuan Bureau absorbing reserves.

Zhu Qiyu took a deep breath and continued: "The emperor Trajan of Rome reduced the silver content of the silver dinar from [-]% to [-]%, and then the Roman emperor Mark Aurelius lowered the silver content of the silver coin to [-]%. From [-]% to [-]%."

"If it goes down further, it really won't blow."

The main anti-counterfeiting method of Daming silver coins is physical anti-counterfeiting. The silver content of [-]% is the minimum standard for blowing silver coins.

"Severus broke the lower limit of [-]% silver content and reduced the silver content of silver coins to [-]%. The silver coins that can no longer be anti-counterfeiting finally ushered in the corruption of money laws."

"Caracalla corrected Severu's mistake, but he doubled the weight of the dinar silver coin. The silver content of each silver coin has not changed compared to before. The silver content is about [-]%. fool all the Romans."

"In the period of Galinus, the silver coins were simply turned into silver-plated. The shiny silver coating could not even be maintained for half a year, and it would quickly lose its luster. Even the provinces of Rome no longer recognized dinars. Silver coins."

Zhu Qiyu chattered endlessly, talking about the history of Roman currency development at length. The entire development process is a process in which the silver content of silver coins is constantly decreasing.

And every time Nicolaus talked about the dinar silver coins in Rome, he lamented and denounced the greed of the Roman emperor.

"Using currency in exchange is a social custom. After all, bartering is too much trouble."

"At the end of the Western Roman Empire, everyone thought the silver dinar was valuable because they expected everyone else to think the silver dinar was valuable too."

"Exchanging valuable commodities for silver dinars with only one layer of silver plating is because everyone believes that there will be more stupid fools who will accept silver-plated silver dinars."

"When the first wise man rejected the dinar silver coin, the bubble burst, and the dinar silver coin was abandoned by people, just like the Western Roman Empire was abandoned by the Roman people, and disappeared in the long river of history among."

"After Nicholas came to Daming, he couldn't understand why Daming didn't even need silver-plated silver coins. He only needed a piece of waste paper to exchange for commodities in the hands of the people."

"And the corruption of the banknote law does not seem to have affected the stability of Daming."

"It's amazing, Nikolaoz was looking for this kind of answer, and he had two answers."

"The first reason is that Ming's demand for currency is infinite. Even if it is precious banknotes, if there is no large-scale overprinting, everyone will accept precious banknotes."

"The second reason is that Ming has the most industrious people, and the wealth they created is enough to offset the bad effects of the corruption of banknotes."

"It is true."

After talking so much, Zhu Qiyu finally came to see Tu Qiong, he stood up and said: "Da Ming has the most hardworking and down-to-earth people. Zhuang, become a sharp knife that strips the people."

"If, I said if, one day, Daming's silver coins can no longer be blown, it will be time for Daming to perish."

Zhu Qiyu's words are very heavy, it is like setting a line. Once this line is crossed, it means that the money law of the Ming Dynasty has been corrupted, and it also means that the Ming Dynasty is about to lose its way.

Daming Yinzhuang is about to be pushed to the whole country with the hardening of the roads of work-for-relief and official road post roads. At this time, Zhu Qiyu set a bottom line of [-]% silver for Daming's banks.

"Your Majesty is wise." Yu Qian originally wanted to say something, but in the end there was only one universal sentence.

The ministers could only say in harmony: "Your Majesty is wise!"

　Li Sanyuan's origin: Li Sanyuan's mixed name is Huang Yu, a former recidivist, slipped out of prison, specialized in raising robbers, settled lawsuits, entrusted government officials, thieves competed for heavy bribes, shop owners also had routine, Chongwenmen tax self-established regulations, unauthorized class taking money.Ask for a monthly ticket, woohoo! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !The book friend group exploded again, alas...

　　
　
(End of this chapter)