My system is not decent

The plane of the cemetery in the Western Han Dynasty is square, surrounded by walls.

There is a "Sima Gate" on each side, and there are double gates outside the gate. The Han Dynasty inherited the Qin system, and a sleeping hall was set up in the cemetery.

The emperors and empresses of the Han Dynasty were buried together, with the same tomb but different tombs.

The Hou Mausoleum is next to the Emperor Mausoleum, and its scale is smaller than that of the Emperor Mausoleum.

Beginning with the original temple built in Changling during the reign of Emperor Hui, all the tombs of the Western Han Dynasty built temples near the cemetery.

The imperial mausoleums of the Eastern Han Dynasty started from the Xianjie Mausoleum of Emperor Ming. Instead of building walls around the mausoleum, "horses" were used instead, and stone halls were built in front of the tombs for sacrifices.

Starting from Xianjie Mausoleum, no temples were built near the mausoleum.

The tombs of the Han Dynasty are so obvious that it is difficult for Chen Wenzhe not to recognize them.

In this way, he carefully looked through these photos one by one, trying to find more ancient tombs.

Every time these ancient tombs are added, a lot of funerary objects will be added.

And if he wants to buy it in a package, the funds he needs to pay will not increase too much.

It is because there are too many things, if they are sold all at once, the more things there are, the less people can afford them.

"Sure enough, there is an ancient tomb from the Shang Dynasty. Is this a cemetery of an ancient kingdom with an orderly inheritance, or is it simply a royal city? I just don't know. Are there ancient tombs from the Xia Dynasty?"

Chen Wenzhe became even more greedy when he saw the characteristics of some ancient tombs from the Shang Dynasty.

Even if he doesn't buy these things, taking a look at them is a huge gain.

Looking carefully at the photos of the excavation of ancient tombs in the Shang Dynasty, Chen Wenzhe can analyze a lot of information through some unearthed things.

The hierarchical system of tombs in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the functions of utensils, the ritual system, social development and changes, and characteristics are all different from those of later generations.

Or tomb pits, in the early Shang Dynasty, there were many vertical pit tombs in rectangular earth pits.

There are wooden coffins, and the large tomb has a two-story platform, on which people are sacrificed, and small and medium-sized nobles are sacrificed to dogs.

The tombs of the nobles must be larger than 10 square meters, with coffins and outer shells, martyrs, many burial objects, and there must be a lot of burial bronzes.

In addition, there must be a large jade dagger, other jade objects, and even gold objects buried with him.

If the tomb is narrow, generally 7*2 meters, such a tomb has a waist pit, some have coffins, some have no coffin, some have martyrs, and there are few burial objects.

No matter how small it is, it must be the tomb of ordinary people. Of course, this kind of ordinary people must be at the level of officials and scholar-bureaucrats.

The tombs of this kind of tomb are slightly larger than human bones, some have waist pits, and most have no coffins, accompanied by a single bronze vessel.

The last is the commoner's house, or the ordinary businessman.

This type of tomb is about the same size as above, mostly without wooden coffins and waist pits, without bronze vessels buried with them, and mostly with stone tools, pottery and bone tools.

Finally, there are the poor, whose tombs only accommodate their bodies, without coffins, waist pits, and burials.

This is a tomb from the early Shang Dynasty, and the tombs were different in the middle of the Shang Dynasty.

In the Middle and Shang Dynasties, rectangular earth pits were used for shaft tombs, with wooden coffins, and the number of waist pits increased.

There are more burials with the body upright than the body bent down, and the least sideways burials.

For tombs larger than 10 square meters, there are coffins, waist pits, and burial bronzes.

Larger than 2*1 meters, there are coffins, waist pits, and martyrdom.

Among them are no more than 10 bronze wares, funerary bronze weapons, tools, and jade wares.

The tombs are slightly larger than human bones, with waist pits, mostly without coffins, with pottery, a single bronze ritual vessel, or a single jade vessel with a handle.

The same size as above, less waist pit, no coffin and no bronze utensils, only funerary pottery, stone and bone utensils.

There is only room for the body, no waist pit, no coffin, and no funeral objects.

In the late Shang Dynasty, there were large tombs with tomb passages.

Generally, if there are four tomb passages and the area is large, people will be martyred. There are coffins, waist pits, and groups of bronze vessels.

2 tomb passages, martyrdom, martyrdom, such as dogs, many burial objects, waist pits.

1 tomb passage, with coffins, martyrs, funeral bronze ritual vessels, weapons, chariots and horses, as well as accompanying tombs, pits for chariots and horses, and sacrificial pits.

If the above is considered a type A large tomb, then there is also a type B vertical pit tomb.

Large B-type tombs, larger than 10 square meters, have coffins and inner and outer coffins, where a large number of bronze objects were found, such as the tomb of Fu Hao.

Surprised?The very famous tomb of Fuhao was actually ranked second among ancient tombs in the mid-Shang Dynasty.

However, how many cultural relics have been unearthed from Fuhao's tomb?
As I said before, the Fuhao Tomb is one of the top ten ancient tombs with the largest number of unearthed cultural relics in China.

Of course, this is related to tomb robbery in later generations, but it can also be seen from this that so many cultural relics can be unearthed only from Type B tombs, so what about Type A tombs?

Of course, Fuhao is special. Fuhao has a good surname (ancient pronunciation: zǐ, the same surname as Zi).

"Wo" is the appellation of relatives, and the female surnames in the pre-Qin period are written at the end.

She is the first female military commander with records (Oracle bone inscriptions) in the history of our country, one of the more than 60 wives of Shang Wang Wuding, and an outstanding female politician.

Temple name "Xin" after death, lived in the second half of the 13th century BC.Wuding reorganized the Shang Dynasty.

The bronze inscriptions are also called "stepmother Xin" because her temple is called Xin, that is, Yi Xin, the concubine Xin called in the Zhou Ji inscriptions.

Zu Geng and Zu Jia's mother "Mother Xin" is also her.

It should be noted here that the original Simuwu Ding, which is now called the Houmuwu Ding, has nothing to do with Fuhao.

Simu Wu Ding is a large tripod cast by Zu Geng, the son of Shang Wang Wu Ding, to worship her mother (Wuding's queen) Mu Wu, and the land is the tomb of Wuguan Village.

The name of Fu Hao's sacrifice is Mu Xin, and the inscriptions on the bronze objects unearthed from her tomb (southwest corner of the Yinxu palace area) are all Simu Xin.

In other words, Fuhao has nothing to do with Simuwuding.

According to oracle bone inscriptions, Fuhao had no son and only one daughter. In the oracle bone inscriptions discovered now, there is a record of Fuhao becoming pregnant and giving birth to a daughter.

Of course, this point is also controversial, because it seems that another oracle bone inscription was discovered later, and there is a record of Fu Hao's son in it.

It seems that Fuhao's son is Xiaoji, Zu Geng's elder brother, who was slandered and murdered.

However, it is not wrong that Fuhao's priest is named Xin.

According to the heavenly stems, the Shang Dynasty gave each queen a sacrificial name. Zu Geng's mother should have died before Fu Hao, so she got a sacrificial name of Wu.

This is the origin of Simu Wu Ding Zhong Wu, and it really has nothing to do with Fu Hao.

Although the tomb of Fuhao is special, it also indirectly shows how high the specifications of the second-class tombs in the middle of the Shang Dynasty were.

There are coffins below, most of which have coffins, bronze ware for burial, and a few martyrs.

Type B small tombs, with an area of ​​less than 3 square meters, with coffins but no outer shells, no martyrs, and burial pottery.

Finally, there is the third type of tomb without a grave.

This does not belong to any cemetery, there are no coffins and burial objects, and children are not included in the family cemetery.

In the Shang Dynasty, nobles often had martyrs, nobles buried with bronze ritual vessels, commoners buried with pottery, stone tools, and bone vessels, and nobles buried with wine vessels.

In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the etiquette system gradually improved.

The size of the tomb, the bibliography of the coffin and the number of tomb passages are directly proportional to the grade of the tomb.

Most of the burial objects use the "Ding system" to represent the ranks. The king uses 9 tripods, the princes 7, the doctor 5, and the scholar 3. At the same time, an even number with 1 less is used to match.